Natural Gas Facts & Figures New Approach & Proposal
8. Environmental impact Source : PGCA, life cycle analysis Life Cycle Analysis approach Impact effect for each step of the chain ( including uses) Greenhouse gases and others emissions Water management Energy efficiency (for all the chain) Gas advocacy
Natural Gas with or w/o CCS: Cleanest fossil fuel for power generation Metric Tons CO 2 per MWH 1 0,75 Oil (0.80) Coal (0.85) 0,5 0,25 0 * With CCS Solar Nuclear Wind (0) Source: IGU based on CERA Clean Natural Gas* (0.04) Clean Coal* (0.09) GHG Emissions 3 Natural Gas (0.35)
Natural Gas fired generation: Smallest ecological footprint for power generation Acres 40,000 Land use in acres to have 1,000 MW of capacity Solar 10,000 Wind 10 Natural Gas Source: based on data from Union Gas Ltd. 4
5 Gas: Cleanest Fossil Fuel Lowest emission of CO2 Emission of CO 2 (in kg CO 2 /MWh) Lignite-fired power 1,200 (34 ) Hard coal-fired power Gas-fired CCGT 350 (10) 850 (23 ) Source: US Department of Energy (DOE), US Energy Information Administration (EIA)
6 Particulate emissions from heating systems mg/kwh Natural gas 0,11 Heating oil 6,1 Lignite* 306 Hard coal** 554 * Emissions based on use of briquettes and lignite from the Rhineland-area in Germany ** Emissions based on use of briquettes LUWB Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg; Average emission factors for small and medium combustion installations without exhaust gas after treatment. Status: 2006, BGW; Source: www.asue.de
Steps of the natural gas chain modeled with the main trade movements in Europe Production Treatment Transmission by pipeline from producing countries Transport by LNG tanker Gasification Storage National transmission (high pressure) 1.7% National distribution (low pressure) 1 MJ of distributed NG 7
Results on the whole life cycle, including the final use 10 8 10 First example 6 : Electricity 4 production: CCGT 2 8 6 4 2 Production Pipeline transmission Export by LNG tanker Gasification in EU Storage in EU HP transmission in EU LP distribution in EU Utilization Production Pipeline transmission Export by LNG tanker The final use is not Gasification in EU Storage in EU HP transmission in EU LP distribution in EU contributor to all the impacts 8
10 8 Results on the whole life cycle, including 10 the final use 8 238 g CO 2eq 96 mg SO 2 eq 1.12 kwh 393 g CO 2eq 180 mg SO 2 eq 1.9 kwh 232 g CO 2eq 140 mg SO 2 eq 1.07 kwh 10 10 6 8 8 6 4 6 6 4 2 4 4 2 Heat : Domestic use 2 Electricity production: CCGT Differences observed between the 3 final uses : Electricity/Heat: CHP, tertiaire use Production Pipeline transmission Production Pipeline transmissio Production Pipeline transmission Production Export Pipeline by LNG transmission tanker Export Export by LNG tanker by LNG tanker Gasification Export in by EU LNG tank Gasification in EU Storage in EU Gasification in EU Storage in EU Gasification in EU Storage in EU HP Storage transmission in EUin EU LP HP distribution transmission in EU in EU HP transmission LP distribution in EU in EU LP distribution Utilization in HP EU transmission in EU LP distribution in EU mainly linked to the efficiency of the conversion process and to the type of combustion 2 9
Results : focus on the upstream chain 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 categories Different contributions of each step to the 3 impacts Climate change Acidification Non renewable Low pressure distribution in EU-25 High pressure transmision in EU-25 Storage in Europe Gasification in Europe Export by LNG tanker Transmission by pipeline Production/processing 10
Comparison of the repartition of GHG emissions along the upstream chains supply chain 25 20 15 10 5 GHG emissions ranging from 1 to 4 depending on the NG Low pressure distribution in EU-25 High pressure transmision in EU-25 Storage in Europe Gasification in Europe Export by LNG tanker Reference Europe Long distance transport LNG Transmission by pipeline Production/processing 11