Chapter: 4. Role of NTPC Ltd. in country s power sector and its activity profile.

Chapter: 4 Role of NTPC Ltd. in country s power sector and its activity profile.

4.1 Origin of NTPC Ltd. In 1976 the amended Electricity Supply Act (1948) provided opportunity for the establishment of a corporation under the authority of the Government of India. National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd., India s power giant, was established in November 1975 to play a major role in the country s power sector. This company had been authorized to set up regional thermal power stations and to take charge of bulk transmissions from these units to the State power system. At the end of the ninth five-year plan period, the installed capacity of the company was 19935 MW. At the end of September 2002, the company has managed to add two power plants with an installed capacity of 500MW and 314MW respectively. Operating 16 coal based plants (Three under the control of Joint Venture Company) and 7-gas/ liquid fuel based plant the company has turned into a 20,749 MW Company within the year 2002. The corporation has adopted multi-pronged growth strategy to become 30,000MW capacity by 2007 and 40,000MW capacity by 2012. NTPC with its share of about 19% of India s total capacity generates 26% of the country s power at the end of the study period. NTPC plants have consistently operated at efficiencies that are much higher than those of other generators in the Indian power sector. In fact, NTPC provides the benchmark for the Indian power sector. In a study conducted by DATAMONITOR, UK, NTPC ranked as the sixth largest thermal utility in terms of generation of electricity and the second most efficient in capacity utilization among the thermal world during the year 1998. NTPC has been a socially committed organization since inception. NTPC s mission includes Making available reliable and quality power in increasingly large quantities at appropriate tariffs, and ensure timely realization of revenues and 83

to be responsible corporate citizen with thrust on environment protection, rehabilitation and ash utilization. The corporate vision of the company is to be one of the world s largest and best power utilities, powering India s growth. 4.2 O rganizational Aspect It was set up with an administrative structure composed of board of directors, with a full- time chairman-cum-managing director. The board included a director in charge of finance, chief vigilance officer and five part-time directors. They represent the Department of Power, the C.E.A., Planning Commission and Department of Heavy Industries. Besides this, the Corporation is divided into different divisions responsible for corporate planning, contract & material management, finance, human resource, project management, technical services, hydro, consultancy & joint venture corporate communication and commercial. The organization chart of NTPC Ltd. is shown below. 84

As per organization chart there are sixteen executive directors in the administrative structure. Out of the sixteen directors five directors are in charge of five regions. The remaining executive directors are in charge of various divisions mentioned earlier. With this vast administrative structure, the NTPC is supposed to plan, promote and organize efficiently the thermal power sector. This includes planning, investigation of new sites, and preparation of feasibility and project reports, construction, operation, generation, maintenance, transmission and distribution of power generated from all thermal units. Besides this, it also undertakes research and development in the area. Region-wise distribution of power projects of National Thermal Power Projects in India. NTPC Ltd. has divided the country into five regions for the purpose of administrative control. The regions are Northern Region, National Capital Region, Western Region, Eastern Region and Southern Region. 4.3 Power projects of the company in various region of the country 4.3.1 Power projects of the company in the northern and national capital region It is evident from the Table 4.1& 4.2 that National Thermal Power Corporation had made bulk of its investment in Uttar Pradesh. There are seven power projects under the behest of National Thermal Power Corporation in Uttar Pradesh with a total installed capacity of 6589 Mega Watt. Still Two more units of 500 MW are to be commissioned at Rihand project. The total investment already made in these projects were RslO, 223.51 crore. Out of the seven projects five are coal-based projects and two are gas-based projects. Government of India has supported NTPC 85

to have external commercial borrowings to finance the projects. It is also seen from Table 4.2 that there are two gas-based power projects of 413MW & 430 MW in Rajasthan and Haryana respectively. The beneficiaiy states from the projects in the northern and national capital region are Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Delhi, and Railways. NTPC has utilised assistance received from various foreign financial institutions like IDA, KFW, ADB, World Bank for the projects in northern & national capital region. Plant Profiles of the projects in northern and national capital region are given below. i) Singrauli Singrauli, the first super thermal power station in the country, was set up in two stages. Stage I was comprised of five units of 200 MW each, commissioned between February 1982 and February 1984. Stage II had two units of 500MW each, commissioned in December 1986 and November 1987 respectively. The approved investment for the project was Rs 1190.69 crore. The main plant equipment were supplied by BHEL. The fuel for the plant comes from the Jayant and Bina coalmines. Currently, Uttar Pradesh gets 850 MW, Rajasthan 300 MW, Delhi 150 MW, Punjab 200MW and Haryana 200MW, about 300 MW remained unallocated. The Plant had generated 16,455 million units during 1999-2000 at an average PLF of 93.6 percentage. In the last year of the study period the plant generated 15,474 million units. ii) Rihand An outcome of Indo-British cooperation, Rihand was set up with an approved investment of about Rs 23.87 billion. The plant has two units of 500MW, each which were commissioned in March 1988 and July 1999 respectively. The 86

main plant equipment were supplied by Alsthom. The coal used in the plant is sourced from the Almori mines. The Plant had generated 7,607 million units during 1999-2000 at an average PLF level of 86.6 per cent. In 2001-02 the plant generated 7674 million units. It supplies power to the northern region. Currently, Uttar Pradesh gets 365MW, Rajasthan 95 Mw, Delhi 100 MW, Punjab llomw, Haryana 65 MW, Himachal Pradesh 35 MW and Jammu & Kashmir 70 MW. About 150 MW remains unallocated. NTPC is plaiming to add another 1,000 MW in the tenth plan, iii) Unchahar The Unchahar project was taken over from the Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board in February 1992. The project was taken over as a one-time settlement of large outstanding dues of UPSEB towards NTPC. At that time, it had two operating units of 210 MW each. In the year 2001-02, NTPC added two more units of 210 MW each. The main plant equipment were supplied by BHEL. The coal used in the plant is sourced from the North Karanpura Coalfields. The plant had generated 3,625 million units during 1999-2000 at an average PLF of 85.4 per cent. In 2001-02 the plant generated 6561 million units. NTPC s Unchahar project in Uttar Pradesh was the topper in the list of best performing plant published by Ministry of Power, achieving a PLF level of over 101 per cent during the period of April 1999-April 2000. The beneficiary states from this project are Uttar Pradesh 430 MW, Rajasthan 58MW, Delhi 71 MW, Punjab 96 MW, Haiyana 34 MW, Himachal Pradesh 19 MW, Jammu & Kashmir 44 MW and Chandigarh 5 MW while about 83 MW remains unallocated. NTPC is planning to add another 660 MW of capacity during the eleventh plan. 87

iv) Tanda The plant was taken over by NTPC on 14.01.2000 jfrom Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board at the cost of Rs 1,000 crore. The project has four units of 110 MW each. The plant was capable to generate only 121 million units during the period 1999-2000. The plant recorded the second lowest PLF of 13.6 per cent during the period April 1999- April 2000.However the situation had improved considerably within two years after take over. In 2001-02 the plant produced 2101 million units. v) Dadri (Coal) The Dadri Plant was set up primarily to serve the power needs of Delhi. The plant has four units of 210 MW each, which were commissioned between December 1991 and March 1994. The main plant equipment were supplied by BHEL. The coal used in the plant has been supplied by the coalfields in North Karanpura. The plant generated 7,092 million units during 1999-2000 at an average PLF of 96.2 per cent. This level was the highest among all NTPC plants during the fiscal year. Dadri supplies 756 MW to Delhi and 84 MW to Uttar Pradesh. NTPC is planning to add further 660 MW of capacity during the eleventh plan. vi) Dadri (Gas) NTPC s largest gas-based power project is the Dadri Plant. The project comprises of four gas turbines of 131MW each, which were commissioned between February and October 1992. The combined cycle operations began when the two steam turbines of 146.5 MW each were commissioned in February and March 1994 respectively. The main plant were supplied by Siemens. KfW of Germany had extended a loan of DM 484.9 million to cover foreign exchange 88

requirement and local cost of the project. The gas for the plant is supplied via the HBJ pipeline. The plant had generated 5,116 million units during 1999-2000.In 2001-02 the plant generated 5730 million units attaining a higher PLF level. Currently, Uttar Pradesh gets 270 MW, Rajasthan 75 MW, Delhi 90 MW, Punjab 130 MW, Haiyana 40 MW, Himachal Pradesh 25 MW, Jammu & Kashmir 55 MW and Chandigarh 5 MW, about 127 MW remains unallocated. The station was awarded prestigious Indo-German Green Tech Environment Excellence Award 1999-2000 by the Green Tech Foundation and the Centre for the International Transfer of Technologies, vii) Anta (Gas) Anta, the first gas-based power plant of NTPC, was also a two-stage project. Stage I comprised of three gas turbines of 88 MW each and one steam turbine of 149 MW, the units were commissioned between January 1989 and March 1990. Stage II, with a capacity of 650 MW, had been approved by the centre and was likely to be completed during the tenth plan. The main plant equipment were supplied by ABB. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the main component of World Bank had extended Financial support for the project under a new time slice funding concept. Under this approach, Bank s assistance was not on project to project basis as was done earlier, but was envisaged to cover a portion of NTPC s investment programme over a time-slice period (about 4 to 5 years). The gas used in the plant was supplied from the HBJ pipeline. The plant generated 3,174 million units during 1999-2000. Currently, Uttar Pradesh gets 106 MW, Rajasthan 82 MW, Delhi 43 MW, Punjab 48 MW, Haiyana 24 MW, Himachal Pradesh 14 MW, Jammu & Kashmir 29 MW and Chandigarh 5 MW and about 62 Mw remains unallocated. 89

viii) Auraiya (Gas) Though Auraiya was commissioned about three months after Anta, it had actually been planned earlier. This project too was a two-stage project. Stage I comprised of four gas turbines of 110 MW each and two steam turbines of 106 MW each. These units were commissioned between March 1989 and June 1990. Stage II, with a capacity of capacity of 650 MW had been approved by the centre and is likely to be completed during the tenth plan. The main plant equipment for stage I were supplied by Mitsubishi. The gas used in the plant was supplied via the HBJ pipeline from South Basin Gas Field. The plant generated 5,078 million units during 1999-2000. Currently, Uttar Pradesh gets 234 MW, Rajasthan 60 MW, Delhi 71 MW, Punjab 81 MW, Haryana 38 MW, Himachal Pradesh 22 MW, Jammu & Kashmir 43 MW and Chandigarh 5 MW and about 98 MW remains unallocated. The approved total investment of the project was Rs 678.77 crore. Like the project in Anta, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development put forward financial assistance for the project also. ix) Faridabad The Faridabad project is NTPC s first venture in Haryana. It operates on gas and uses naptha as an alternate fiiel. With an approved investment of about Rs 11.64 billion, the project had started open cycle operations. The two gas turbines of 143 Mw each were commissioned in June 1999 and October 1999 respectively. The steam turbine of 144 MW was commissioned during July 2000, much ahead of scheduled time. The main plant equipment were supplied by BHEL. Gas for the plant was supplied via the HBJ pipeline. The plant generated 2861 millions units during 2001-02. the entire power produced is supplied to Haryana. In the year 2000-01, the station had acquired ISO-9002 certification. 90

4.3.2 Power projects of the company in the Eastern Region In Eastern Region, NTPC has four coal-based power projects. The location of the plants and their key features are illustrated in Table 4.3. As per location, West Bengal has got one power station, Bihar one and Orissa two. The brief descriptions of the four plants in Eastern Region are appended as under; i) Farakka (Coal) The biggest power station in the eastern Region, Farakka was set up in three stages. The total installed capacity has been 1600 MW till date. Stage I comprised of three units of 200 MW while Stage II had two units of 500 MW each. These were commissioned between January 1986 and February 1994 and were under the commercial operation since April 1995. BHEL and Ansaldo supplied the main Plant equipment. The coal was supplied from Rajmahal Coalfields. The plant had generated 6,792 million units during 1999-2000 at an average PLF of 48.5 per cent. In 2001-02 the situation had improved considerably and the plant generated 8418 million units. It supplies power in the eastern Region. Currently, West Bengal gets 530 MW, Bihar 375 MW, Orissa 235 MW, DVC 130 MW and Sikkim 25 MW, about 305 MW remains unallocated due to shortage of demand. ii) Kahalgaon The Kahalgaon power project has four units of 210 MW, which were commissioned in March 1992 and March 1996 respectively. The main plant equipment were supplied by Russian companies. Coal for the plant was sourced from the Rajmahal Coalfields. The plant generated 4,281 million units during 1999-2000 at an average PLF of 58.2 per cent. In 2001-02 the production has 91

slightly increased to 4514 million units. It supplies power in the eastern region. Currently, West Bengal gets 180 MW, Bihar 285 MW, Orissa 135 MW, DVC 67 MW, and Sikkim 15 MW while about 158 MW remains unallocated. NTPC is planning to add another 1,320 MW capacity, of which 660 MW will be added in the tenth plan and the remaining in the eleventh plan. The company had received financial assistance from foreign financial institute like IBRD, IDA, KFW and Italy govt, for the project. iii) Talcher Kaniha (Coal) Considered technologically the most advanced among all NTPC power plants, Talcher Kaniha has an approved capacity of 3,000 Mw. In Stage I, two units of 500 MW each were commissioned between February 1995 and March 1996. Work is going on for the second stage, which will have four units of 500 MW each. The project has a total approved investment of about Rs 92.41 billion. The plant equipment for Stage I were supplied by Stein. The coal used in the plant is sourced from the nearly Talcher coalfields. The plant had generated 5,320 million units during 1999-2000 at an average PLF of 57.8 per cent. In 2001-02, PLF level increased considerably and the plant produced 6236 million units. iv) Talcher Thermal (Coal) The Talcher project was taken over by NTPC fi*om the erstwhile Orissa State Electricity Board. The total investment was about Rs 3.56 billion. The plant, which was set up during the late 1960s, was acquired by NTPC in June 1995. It comprises four units of 60 MW each and two units of 110 MW each. The main plant equipment were supplied by GE. The coal used in the plant was supplied by the Talcher Coalfields. The plant generated 2,323 million units during 1999-2000 at an 92

average PLF of 57.5 per cent. The entire power produced has been supplied to Orissa. 4.3.3 Power projects of the company in the southern region The power sector of the southern part of the country is comparatively more efficient than other parts of the country. Yet NTPC has lesser number of plants in that region than that of other areas. The company owns two plants in Andhra Pradesh and one in Kerala. Table 4.4 presents the location and the main features of the plants in the Southern region. Brief description of the plant is given below. i) Simahardi (Coal) The approved capacity of the project is 1000 MW. The first unit o f the project was synchronized in February 2002 in a record time and this unit started commercial generation within the year. Second unit of 500 MW had also been synchronized ahead of time schedule on 25* August 2002. The cost of the project had been Rs 3650.79 crore. The Project has been implemented with Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) Loan from Japan Bank for International Co-operation. ii) Ramagundam (Coal) It is the first power project of NTPC in the southern part of the country. It has an approved capacity of 2600 MW, out of which 2100M W has been installed. The project was set up in two stages. Stage I comprised of three units of 200 MW each, which were commissioned between November 1983 and December 1984. Stage II had three units of 500 MW each, which were commissioned between June 93

1988 and October 1989. The main plant equipment were supplied by BHEL and Ansaldo. Coal is obtained from the South Godavari Coalfields. The plant generated 16,642 million units at an average PLF of about 90.3 per cent. In 2001-02 production of the plant dropped slightly to 15,846 million units. Ramagundam currently supplies 580 MW to Andhra Pradesh, 345 MW to Karnataka, 470 MW to Tamil Nadu, 245 MW to Kerala, 100 MW to Goa and 50 MW to Pondichery. Its unallocated capacity is 310 MW. NTPC planned to add further 500 MW during the tenth plan. The approved allocation for the project had been Rs 3877.38 crore. Foreign financial organization like International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Development Association, OPEC had put forward financial assistance for the project. iii) Kayamkulam(Gas) Kayamkulam is the only NTPC power project which operates entirely on the naptha. Until gas is made available, the project will be continuing to operate on naptha which is currently being supplied by Bharat Petreleum Corporation Limited. The project, with an approved investment of Rs 13.11 billion, has two gas turbines of 115 MW each, which were commissioned in December 1998 and March 1999 respecfively. Another plant of 120 MW was commissioned in November 1999. The main plant equipment were supplied by BHEL. The plant had generated 1,247 million units during 1999-2000. In 2001-02 production improved slightly better figuring to 1,316 million units. The entire power produced is supplied to Kerala. NTPC plans a massive expansion of 1,950 MW for the project during the eleventh plan when adequate gas is expected to be available. NTPC had utilised Time slice loan received fi-om the World Bank for the project. 94

4.3.4 Power projects of the company in the western region In Western Region NTPC have four projects only. As there are some private sector power companies operating in the western part of the country, NTPC had comparatively lesser amount of investment in this region. Out of the four projects, there are two gas -based projects in Gujarat, one in Madhya Pradesh, one in Chattishgarh. There is no Project of NTPC in Maharastra, Karnataka and Tamilnadu at the end of ninth plan period. Table 4.5 exhibits the key features of the projects in the Western Region. Brief description of the plants is given below: i) Kawas (Gas) Kawas is NTPC s first project in Gujarat. The first phase of the project was completed between March 1992 and March 1993. It comprised of four gas turbines of 106 MW each and two steam turbines of 110.5 MW each. The second phase would have addition of further capacity of 650 MW and was likely to be completed during the tenth plan. The main plant equipment were supplied by Alsthom. The gas consumed in the plant is supplied via the HBJ pipeline from the South Basin Gas Field. The plant generated 4,777 million units during 1999-2000. It supplies power to the western region. Currently, Madhya Pradesh gets 137 MW, Maharashtra 201 MW, Gujarat 230 MW, Goa 35 MW, Dadra & Nagar Haveli 5 MW and Daman & Diu 5 MW. The remaining is unallocated. (ii) Korba(Coal) The largest power station in the country at the time of its commissioning, Korba was also set up in two stages. Stage I had three units of 200 MW each, 95

commissioned between November 1983 and March 1984. Stage II comprised of three units of 500 MW each, commissioned between May 1987 and March 1989. The main plant equipment were supplied by BHEL. Coal for the plant is sourced from the Kusmunda bloclc. The plant generated 15,577 million units during 1999-2000 at an average PLF level of 85.7 per cent. It supplies power to the western region. Currently, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra gets 610 MW each, Gujarat 360 MW and Goa 210 MW. The remaining 310 MW is unallocated. The total approved outlay for the project was Rs 1625.25 MW. International Development Association, OPEC countries and KFW, Germany had put forward financial assistance for the project. iii) Jhanar-Gandhar (Gas) Gandhar is NTPC s second project in the state of Gujarat. Stage I comprised three gas turbines of 131 MW each, which were commissioned during March-May 1994. The combined cycle operation began in March 1995 with the installation of a 255 MW steam turbine. The 650 MW Stage II project had been expected to become operational during the tenth plan. The main plant equipment were supplied by ABB. The gas for the plant is sourced from the Gandhar Gas Fields. The plant had generated 2,282 million units during 1999-2000. In the last year of the study period found the production considerably increased to 3,615 million units. Currently, Madhya Pradesh gets 116 MW, Maharashtra 185 MW, Gujarat 234 MW, Goa 12 MW, Dadra & Nagar Haveli 2 MWand Daman & Diu 2 MW. The remaining 97 MW is unallocated. The total approved investment of the project was Rs 2500 crore. Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) was one of the financers o f the project. 96

iv) Vindyachal(Coal) The approved capacity for the project was 2260 MW. Vindyachal has also been set up in two stages. Stage I was comprised of six units of 210 MW each, commissioned between October 1987 and February 1991. The installation of two units of 500 MW each had been completed in February 2000, under stage II. The main plant equipment were supplied by Russian companies and BHEL. Coal for the plant is sourced from the Nilgahi mines. The plant had generated 9,895 million units during 1999-2000 at an average PLF of 88.1 per cent. In 2001-02 production reached at considerably high level while the plant produced 15,590 million units. It supplies power in the western region. Currently, Madhya Pradesh gets 658 Mw, Maharashtra 729 MW, Gujarat 469 MW, Goa 47 MW, Dada & Nagar Haveli 9 MW and Daman & Diu 8 MW. The remainmg 340 MW is unallocated. NTPC plans to add another 1000 MW during the tenth and eleventh plans. The approved investment had been Rs 4053,42 crore. The project had received financial assistance from World Bank and USSR. Apart from the above projects NTPC manages 705 MW Badarpur Thermal Power Station at Delhi and Balco Captive power plant of 270 MW. During 1999-2000 Badarpur and Balco achieved PLF of 81.1% and 85.40% respectively. NTPC- SAIL Power Company Private Ltd, a Joint Venture company of NTPC and Steel authority of India (SAIL), with an authorized Capital of Rs 130 crore owns and operates the captive power plants at Durgapur (120 MW) and Rourkela (120MW) Steel Plants of SAIL. Bhilai Electric Supply Company Ltd., a company formed by SAIL, is to own and manage the captive power plant at Bhilai Steel Plant (74 MW) of SAIL. It became a Joint Venture Company of NTPC and SAIL during 2001-02. NTPC s venture in the hydro electric sector had started with the 97

take over of Koldam Hydro Electric Power Project (800 MW) from Himachal Pradesh Electricity Board in May 2000. After receiving clearance of the project from CEA, it has transferred in favour of NTPC. The project will be commissioned on river Sultej at an approved investment of Rs 4,527 crore. As such it is evident that within a span of 26 years, NTPC has emerged as a truly national power giant, with generating facilities scattered over all the major regions of the country. 4.4 Growth of NTPC during the Eighth and Ninth Five-Year Plan Periods. During the eight and ninth year plan periods, NTPC hadadded 8602 MW, which was about 43.15% of the total capacity of the company. The average rate of addition had been 860 MW per year. NTPC had contributed 30,5% (5002 MW) of the national capacity addition in VIII plan. NTPC had set a target of capacity addition of 6270 MW for the ninth plan period but failed miserably to do so. The company had managed to add only 3140 MW only including 440 MW of Tanda Project taken over from UPSEB. In the eighth plan period company had added maximum capacity of 1721 MW in the year 1992-93 which was approximately 49% of the total capacity added in the country during that period. The company completed commissioning of one 500 MW unit at Farakka, two units of 210 MW at NCTPP, DADRI, Two gas turbine units of 131 MW each at Dadri (Gas) project, three gas turbine units of 106 MW each and two steam turbine units of 110.5 MW each at Kawas. In the year1993-94, the company added new capacity to Dadri, Kawas, Gandhar, Farakka, Kahalgaon project totalling to 1475 MW. In 1994-95 NTPC commissioned 500MW at the Talcher project, 210 MW at Kahalgaon 98

project and 386 MW at Jhanor Gandhar Gas power Project. Total addition during the year was 1096 MW. In 1995-96 two units of 210 MW and 500 MW were commissioned in Kahalgaon and Talcher project respectively. In addition to capacity addition the company acquired 460 MW Talcher TPS from erstwhile OSEB. In the last year of the eighth plan period company failed to add any more capacity. However, the company had succeeded in general for attaining capacity addition programme as envisaged by the planning commission. In the first year of the ninth plan period no additional capacity was noticeable. In 1998-99 additional 940 MW was added to the various project of the company. In 1999-2000 company manage to install 1556 MW with the commissioning of 210 MW at Unchahar project, 500 MW at Vindhyachal project, 286 MW at Faridabad. In this year company acquired 440 MW Tanda TPS from UPSEB. In 2000-01 one steam turbine of 144 MW was installed at Faridabad Project. Again, in the last year of the ninth plan period company could not manage to install additional capacity. Figure 4.1 points out to the fact that the company has managed to add capacity at a steady rate. The regression equation of capacity growth has been y=711.64x + 13085 for the period of ten years where y denotes the capacity and x is the number of year. So as per trend the projected installed capacity at the end of ninth plan period was 20,201 MW. But the actual achievement was little short against the target. Table 4.6 shows the trend of capacity addition over the ninth and tenth plan period. 4.5 Future Growth Strategy of the company NTPC has adopted a multi-pronged growth strategy to become 40,000 plus MW Company by year 2012. The strategy, inter alias, includes capacity addition through green field projects, expansion of existing stations, joint venture and take 99

over from SEB s stations. Further, new business opportunities are being continuously explored through environment scanning and new business plans are adopted through mid- term corrections. The company is planning to enter new areas of operation like coal washery, atomic power, power trading and gas supply. The state-owned generating utility has begun working on setting up of a national exchange for trading in electricity on the lines of stock and commodities exchange. NTPC has planned to add another 9370 MW capacity, entailing an investment of 35,000 crore to be flmded in the ratio of 30 per cent equity and 70 per cent debt during the 10* plan. (Times of India, 20.08.2005) The company has revised its targeted capacity addition from 11,558 MW to 17,052 MW for the ll" plan and further wants to add 20,000 MW in the 12* five-year plan. Thus the company desires to become a 66,000MW company within the year 2017. (Ananda Bazar Patrika 03.10.2005) NTPC s expansion projects are listed below: A. Ongoing projects 1. Talcher Stage II (4 x 500 MW) in Orissa 2000 MW 2. Ramagundam Stage III (1 x 500 MW) in Andhra Pradesh 500 MW 3. Rihand Stage II (2x500 MW) in Uttar Pradesh 1000 MW 4. Koldam Hydro Electric Project (4 x 200 MW) in H.P 800 MW Total 4300 MW B. CEA cleared new projects 1. Sipat Stage I (3 x 660 MW) in Chhattisgarh 1980 MW 2. Barh (3 x 660 MW) in Bihar 1980 MW 3. Kahalgaon Stage II (2 x 660 MW) in Bihar 1320 MW 4. Vindyachal Stage III (2 x 500 MW) in Madhya Pradesh 1000 MW 5. Sipat Stage II (1 x 660 MW) in Chhattisgarh 660 MW Total 100 6940 MW

C. Other Projects 1. Feroz Gandhi Unchahar Stage III in Uttar Pradesh 210 MW 2. NCTPP Stage II in Uttar Pradesh 490 MW 3. North Karanpura (3 x 660 MW) in Jharldiand 1980 MW 4. Kawas II in Gujarat 650 MW 5. Jhanor Gandhar II in Gujarat 650 MW 6. Anta II in Rajasthan 650 MW 7. Auraiya II in Uttar Pradesh 650 MW 8. Feasibility report under preparation Kayamkulam Stage II in Kerala 1950 MW Cheyyur Stage I in Tamiinadu 1000 MW Total 8230 MW From the above list, it appears that the states like West Bengal and Karnataka are being deprived of getting any berth in the NTPC s future expansion programme. 4.6 Manpower Profile NTPC has achieved the highest echelon in India and abroad and has rallied itself among the best power utilities in the world. NTPC attributes its phenomenal success to its employees. For realizing NTPC vision, a conducive HR environment is being created. The HR vision of the company is to enable our people to be a family of committed world-class professionals making NTPC a learning organization. A careful manpower planning has resulted in recruiting and retaining the best techno-managerial workforce. NTPC s growth in terms of number of employees over the last five years has been shown in Table 4.7, which demonstrates that while the number of employees increased marginally, the 101

number of executives had hiked by 1490. Side by side, it is worth observing that the number of supervisors and workmen had dropped by 639 and 664 respectively. 4.6.1 Valuation of Human Resource and Man-MW ratio NTPC has a strong conviction that Human Resources are its most vital assets. NTPC assesses its Human Resource assets using various accounting principles embedded in Human Resource Accounting philosophy to treat them at par with other assets. Lev and Shwartz model of HR accounting has been employed to assess the value of the human resources in the company. Category wise details of the same for the year 2001-02 are shown in Table 4.8. The total value of all categories of employee was Rs 9769.42 crore. The values of executives, supervisors and workmen were Rs 3657.30 crore, Rs 1106.92 crore and Rs 4779.15 crore respectively. NTPC has been taking various initiatives with the objective of maximizing the Human Capital of the organization for competence and commitment building, so that it can effectively meet the new challenges of the changing liberalized economic scenario. Efforts towards knowledge up gradation at various levels have been harnessed on a continuous basis with renewed emphasis on training. Though the company has continuously added to its installed capacity, the Man -M W ratio has been consistently improving. Table 4.9 shows the Man-MW ratio of NTPC Ltd. during eighth and ninth five year plan periods. It is a major indicator of manpower utilization in the power generating industries. The overall Man-MW ratio dropped from 1.43 in the year 1992-93 to 1.06 in tlie year 2001-02. Apart from that, Table 4.9 exhibits value addition, turnover and generation per employee from 1992-93 to 2001-02. It is well evidenced from the Table that the company has improved over four times in respect of value addition and turnover and has doubled 102

its generation per employee over a span of ten years. In 1991-92, the value addition was only Rs 10.54 Lakh per employee. The figure had jumped up to 48.54 lakh in the last but one year of the study period. In respect of Turnover the figure has reached from 20.57 Lakh per employee to 48.54 Lakh per employee. Both rising inflation rate and competence had contributed for this improvement. In terms of achievement in physical quantity, generation per employee has been doubled from 3.03 million units in 1992-93 to 6.26 million units in 2001-02. It is evident from the table that the company has utilised its human resources to the best possible extent. Still there is scope for improvement as per as the utilization of manpower is concerned. In U.S. only 100 people are engaged for a 500 MW thermal power plant while the Indian corporate sector employs 500 persons and SEBs employ 2000. (EPW February 12, 2005 p.657) In the year 2001-02 six out of the ten best power stations of the country in terms of PLF, belonged to NTPC. The company achieved all its MOU targets with Government of India for the year 2001-02 and achieved Excellent rating for the 15* consecutive year. Five workmen from Rihand have won Shram Bhusan and four from Farakka had won Shram Shree Awards for the year 2001 under the prestigious Prime Minister s Shram Awards Scheme. 103

References NTPC Ltd. (1992-93 to 2001-02), Annual Reports, New Delhi. Power Line, volume 4, No 9, New Delhi, June 2000 pp 20-53. 104

I SI No. TABLE: 4.1 A LIST OF PROJ] ECTS OF NTPC LTD. IN THE NO.RTHERN REGION Projects Approved Units Units to be Coal Approved Capacity Commissioned Commissioned fleld/gas Investment (State) (MW) (MW) (MW) Source &Extemal Financing 1 Singrauli (U.P.) 2000 5 x200 +2 x500 (Rs in crore) Nil Jayant/Bina 1190.69 IDA, KFW 2 Riband (U.P.) 2000 2x500 2x500 Almori 2387.4+3541.97 UK 3 Unchahar (U.P) 840 2 x210 Nil North Karanpura 925*+1412.09 ADB,SBI, USA 4 Tanda (U.P.) 440 4x110 Nil North Karanpura 1000* Nil TOTAL 5280 4280 1000 * Cost of transfer from UPSEB to NTPC Source; Compiled and computed from published Annual Reports of NTPC Ltd. 105

SI No TABLE: 4.2 A LIST OF PROJECTS OF NTPC LI U. IN THE NAT[ONAL CAPITAL REGION Projects (State) 1 National capital Thermal Power project Dadri (U.P.) 2 G.P.P. of Dadri (U.P) 3 G.P.P. of Anta (Rajasthan) 4 G.P.P. of Auraiya (U.P) 5 G.P.P of Faridabad (Haryana) Approved Capacity (MW) Units Commissioned (MW) Units to be Commissi oned (MW) Coal field/gas Source 840 4x210 Nil North Karanpura 817 4 xl31 +2 X 146.5 Approved Investment &Extemal Financing (Rs in crore) 1669.21 IBRD Nil HBJ Pipeline 960.35 KFW 413 3x88+1x149 Nil HBJ Pipeline 418.97 IBRD 652 4 xllo +2 xl06 430 2 xl43 +1 xl44 Nil HBJ Pipeline 678.77 IBRD Nil HBJ Pipeline 1163.6 JBIC TOTAL 3152 3152 NIL Source: Compiled and computed from publishec Annual Reports of NTPC Ltd. 106

SL NO PROJECTS (STATE) 1 Farakka (W.B.) Kahalgaon (Bihar) 3 Talcher Kaniha (Orissa) 4 Talcher Thermal (Orissa) TABLE 4.3 LIST OF PROJECTS OF NTPC LTD. IN THE EASTERN REGION APPRO VED CAPACI TY (MW) UNITS COMMISSIONED (MW) UNITS TO BE COMMISSI ONED (MW) COAL FIELD/GAS SOURCE APPROVED INVESTMENT &EXTERNAL FINANCING (RS IN CRORE) 1600 3 x200 +2 x500 Nil Rajmahat 730.93+2453.29 IBRD, IDA, KFW, Italian credit 840 4x210 Nil Rajmahat 1715.89 USSR 3000 2x500 4x500 Talcher 2592.18+6648.8 3 IBRD, French credit 460 4x60 +2x110 Nil Talcher 356 Nil Total 5900 3900 2000 Source: Compiled and computed from published Annual Reports ofntpc Ltd. 107

TABLE 4.4 LIST OF PROJECTS OF NTPC LTD. IN THE SOUTHERN REGION. SL NO PROJECTS (STATE) APPROVED CAPACITY (MW) UNITS COMMIS SIONED (MW) UNITS TO BE COMMISSION ED (MW) COAL FIELD/GAS SOURCE APPROVED INVESTMENT &EXTERNAL FINANCING (RS IN CRORE) I Simahadri (Andhra Pradesh) 2 Ramagundam (Andhra Pradesh) 1000 2x500 Nil Talcher 3650.79 JBIC 2600 3 x200 +3 x500 1x500 South Godavari Coalfield 2059.22+1818.16 IBRD, IDA, OPEC 3 G.P.P of Kayamkulam (Kerala) 350 2 xii5 + 1xl20 Nil Naptha 1310.58 IBRD, SBI, USA. Total 3950 3450 500 Source; Compiled and computed from published Annual Reports of NTPC Ltd. 108

TABLE: 4.5 LIST OF PROJECTS OF NTPC LTD. IN THE WESTERN REGION SI No Projects (State) 1 G.P.P.of Kawas (Gujarat) 2 Korba (Chhattisgarh) 3 G.P.P OF Jhanar Gandhar (Gujarat) 4 Vindhyachal (M. P.) Approved Capacity (MW) Units Commissioned (MW) 645 4 xl06+ 2x110.5 2100 3 X 200 +3 x500 648 3 xl31 +1 x255 2260 6 X210 + 2 x500 Units to be Commissioned (MW) Nil Nil Nil Coal field/gas Source HBJ Pipeline Kusmunda Block Gandhar Gas Field Approved Investment &Extemal Financing 1 (Rs in crore) 1599.57 IBRD, French credit, Belgian credit 1625.25 IDA, OPEC,KFW 2500 JBIC Nil Nilgahi 1460.37+2593.05 USSR,IBRD, SBI, USA Total 5653 5653 Nil Source: Compiled and computed from published Annual Reports of NTPC Ltd. 109

TABLE: 4.6 GROWTH OF GENERATING CAPACITY OF NTPC LTD. DURING EIGHTH & NINTH PLAN PERIOD Year Capacity (In MW) at the year end Capacity Added (In MW) 1992-93 13,054 1721 1993-94 14,529 1475 1994-95 15,625 1096 1995-96 16,795 1170 1996-97 16,795 NIL Addition in 8 Plan period 5462 1997-98 16,795 Nil 1998-99 17,735 940 1999-00 19,291 1556 2000-01 19,435 144 2001-02 19,935 500 Addition in 9**^Plan Period 3,140 Total Addition during two Plan Period 8602 Source; Compiled and computed from published Annual Reports of NTPC Ltd. 110

TABLE 4.7 STAIHMENT SHOWING NO. OF EXECUTIVES, SUPERVISORS, WORKMEN IN NTPC LTD. YEAR EXECUTIVES SUPERVISORS WORKMEN TOTAL 1997-98 6933 3074 13578 23585 1998-99 7248 3059 13323 23630 1999-00 7607 2893 13524 24024 2000-01 7945 2779 13254 23978 2001-02 8423 2435 13114 23972 Source: Compiled and computed from published Annual Reports of NTPC Ltd. <4.5 STATEMENT SHOWING NO. OF EMPLOYEES, PER CAPITA VALUE (RS. LAKH) AND TOTAL VALUE (RS. CRORE) OF NTPC LTD. CATEGORY NO. OF PER CAPITA VALUE TOTAL VALUE EMPLOYEES (RS LAKHS) (RS CRORE) Executives 8423 46.51 3657.30 Supervisors 2435 41.56 1106.92 Workmen 13114 36.98 4779.15 Total 23972 40.75 9769.42 Source; Compiled and computed from pub ished Annual Reports of NTPC Ltd. I l l

TABLE4.9 MA N- MW RATIO OF NTPC LTD. YEAR MAN-MW RATIO 1992-93 1.43 1993-94 1.30 1994-95 1.23 1995-96 1.26 1996-97 1.27 1997-98 1.23 1998-99 1.17 1999-00 1.10 2000-01 1.09 2001-02 1.06 Source: Compiled and computed from published Annual Reports of NTPC Ltd. 112

TABLE 4.10 STATEMENT SHOWING VALUE ADDED, TURNOVER AND GENERATION PER EMPLOYEES DURING EIGHTH AND NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN PERIOD YEAR VALUE ADDED/EMP TURNOVER/EMP GENERATION/ EMP (IN MUS) (RSLAKH) (RS LAKH) 1992-93 10.54 20.57 3.03 1993-94 13.65 26.99 3.49 1994-95 14.75 28.53 3.43 1995-96 18.53 34.37 3.70 1996-97 25.63 45.97 4.56 1997-98 31.64 61.52 5.13 1998-99 36.68 67.56 5.26 1999-00 42.87 75.72 5.58 2000-01 48.54 89.46 6.11 2001-02 38.00 84.00 6.26 Source: Compiled and computed from published Annual Reports of NTPG Ltd. 113

TABLE 4.10 STATEMENT SHOWING VALUE ADDED, TURNOVER AND GENERATION PER EMPLOYEES DURING EIGHTH AND NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN PERIOD YEAR VALUE ADDED/EMP TURNOVER/EMP GENERATION/ EMP (IN MUS) (RSLAKH) (RS LAKH) 1992-93 10.54 20.57 3.03 1993-94 13.65 26.99 3.49 1994-95 14.75 28.53 3.43 1995-96 18.53 34.37 3.70 1996-97 25.63 45.97 4.56 1997-98 31.64 61.52 5.13 1998-99 36.68 67.56 5.26 1999-00 42.87 75.72 5.58 2000-01 48.54 89.46 6.11 2001-02 38.00 84.00 6.26 Source: Compiled and computed from published Annual Reports of NTPG Ltd. 113

Performance of NTPC in terms of value added, turnover, generation s c 1992-93 1 993-94 1 994-95 1 995-96 1 996-97 1997-98 1 998-99 1 999-00 2000-01 2001-02 YEAR FIGURE 4.2 115