Creation of the United Nations 1945 - Present
February 1945 The United Nations is created at the Yalta (USSR) Conference Stalin FDR Churchill
Countries would be invited to join Guess what their ultimate mission would be???
To provide a place where nations could talk out their differences (thus avoiding wars) and help one another in times of trouble
The United Nations Each member nation has 1 vote in the general assembly They vote on things like granting aid to needy nations, creating a better world for the future, they also note which nations are behaving badly This was the meeting of the first UN General Assembly meeting began in San Francisco today their headquarters are in New York City, New York
Member Nations http://www.un.org/en/members/ http://unfoundationblog.org/10-facts-aboutunited-nations-peacekeeping/
Who is NOT a member?? Taiwan ~ not really an independent nation as it has been returned in ownership to the People s Republic of China Vatican City ~ is an independent territory, but is owned, run, and maintained by the Catholic Church (it s inside the nation of Italy)
The Elite There is a select group that only a few nations at a time can belong to. It s called the United Nations
Who is a member??? (aka: Permanent Members) USSR CHINA => If one of these nations do not like something and vote no it s over even if the other 4 and all of the rotating security council members vote yes!!!
Who else is a member? Current members Argentina (2014) Azerbaijan (2013) Australia (2014) Guatemala (2013) Luxemburg (2014) Morocco (2013) Pakistan (2013) Rep. of Korea (2014) Rwanda (2014) Togo (2013)
The ultimate goals of the UN:
This is the current head of the United Nations. Title: Name: Secretary General Ban Ki-moon From: Republic of Korea (South Korea)
This is the current US Ambassador to the UN.. Title: Ambassador Name: Samantha Power Appointed by: President Obama
The Cold War Begins Post-WWII
After WWII The Allies are no more America The USSR
WHY??? Towards the end of WWII major differences between the Soviet Union and the rest of the former Allies started to really become obvious USA USSR
New Superpowers U U S S A S R
After WWII Stalin has some very specific goals 1. Spread communism in Eastern Europe 2. Create buffer zone between the USSR and Western Democratic nations like Germany and France
What does Stalin do to achieve these goals??? 1 He refuses to leave the nations that his army took back from the NAZI s when the Soviets were headed to capture Berlin
What does Stalin do to achieve these goals??? 2 Destroyed the governments of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary and East Germany and set up his own pro-soviet governments!!
What does Stalin do to achieve these goals??? 3 Encouraged communists in other countries to overthrow their governments (especially Greece and Turkey)
Democratic Nations (USA) Responds
The Allies had their own goals in the Cold War GOAL #1 CONTAIN COMMUNISM We couldn t do much (short of war) to get the Soviets out of where they were, but we sure could try to contain communism (or keep it from spreading) We kind of viewed communism like a disease STOPS THE PESKY COMMUNIST FROM SPREADING USE EVERY MINUTE OF EVERY DAY
The Allies had their own goals in the Cold War GOAL #2 Be stronger than the enemy (This goal led to an arms race of insane proportions!!) By the end of the Cold War the United States and the soviet Union had enough nuclear fire power between them to destroy the entire world 6 times!!
This 1961 cartoon shows Russia and America in an 'arms race'. The caption read: 'If we go on with this race, there won't be a winner!'
What ever happened to Germany
Germany is divided
Germany is divided At the end of the war the Allies agree that Germany (and Berlin) will be divided and each major power will be given the responsibility of de-nazifying their area 4 countries responsible USA France Great Britain Soviet Union
The goal? De-program the Nazi population Teach them about good government The allow them to hold an election and reunify under one leader as a strong nation
What actually happened? The US, GB, and France did just that and decided to unite their 3 sections in 1947 => this is what becomes known as West Germany Stalin refuses, and he is feeling threatened by that little piece of democracy in the middle of Soviet controlled Germany!!
West Germany : Writes a Constitution Becomes a democracy East Germany: Remains under control of the USSR Is ruled by a pro-soviet dictatorship
Winston Churchill makes a speech saying that Soviet Communism is descending across Europe like an Iron Curtain
What happens next Mrs. Davis??
Problems in Berlin Remember that Berlin (which was also united in 47 by Great Britain, France, and the USA) is firmly inside the boarder of Soviet controlled East Germany!!
Sooooooooo In West Berlin (city) people are recovering nicely after the war with help from France, Great Britain, and the USA That little city is inside the Soviet controlled country of East Germany (which Stalin is looting of everything valuable)
Well Duh!! Not surprisingly people from East Germany go into West Berlin Then they get on a plane Then they fly to West Germany
June 1948 Stalin orders his army to blockade every railway and highway leading from East Germany into West Berlin Guess his goal
Are the remaining Allies going to let this happen??
Democratic Response An airlift the likes of which the world had never known food, fuel, soap, even Christmas toys
Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufhesw 7rK4I
Statistics Began June 24 th, 48 with Soviet Blockade Airlift started June 28 th, 1948 led by General Lucius Clay Blockade ended May 11 th, 1949 (airlift continued until September of 49) In that time 2,250,000 tons of supplies were dropped (more than 1.5 million tons of coal alone) At it height the airlift had a plane landing in West Berlin every single minute 277,804 flights would be made
In this British cartoon from 1948, Stalin watches as the storks fly coal and food into Berlin, but he dares not shoot them down
General Clay
The Berlin Airlift memorial is dedicated to the 78 pilots and crew killed in crashes during the Airlift. Their names can be seen here inscribed along the base of the memorial. The German inscription at the top reads: "They gave their lives for the freedom of Berlin serving in the Airlift 1948/49."
ME & MY FRIENDS In 1949 12 nations came together to form what we still call the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) They pledged to help one another should any one of them come under attack
NATO INCLUDED United States Great Britain France Canada Denmark Iceland Norway Portugal Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg Italy Greece & Turkey joined in 52 and West Germany came in 1955.
TODAY S NATO = 28 member nations http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/member_states _of_nato
The Soviet Union makes their own friendship circle Made up of the USSR & the USSR No actually it was the USSR and all those countries they refused to leave after WWII
Satellites We call them the Soviet Satellite countries because their job was to revolve around the Soviet government
They called their gang. Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union