Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS The statements below are false. For each statement, replace the underlined term to make a true statement. 1. A liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds is called natural gas. 2. Energy that is released when a chemical compound reacts to produce a new compound is called nuclear energy. For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ. 3. solar energy and wind power 4. biomass and gasohol UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS Multiple Choice 5. Which of the following resources is a renewable resource? a. coal b. trees c. oil d. natural gas 6. Which of the following fuels is NOT made from petroleum? a. jet fuel b. lignite c. kerosene d. fuel oil 7. Peat, lignite, and anthracite are all forms of a. petroleum. b. natural gas. c. coal. d. gasohol. Holt Science and Technology 38 Energy Resources
8. Which of the following factors contributes to smog? a. automobiles b. sunlight c. mountains surrounding urban areas d. All of the above 9. Which of the following resources is produced by fission? a. solar energy c. nuclear energy b. natural gas d. petroleum 10. To produce energy, nuclear power plants use a process called a. fission. c. fractionation. b. fusion. d. None of the above 11. A solar-powered calculator uses a. solar collectors. c. solar mirrors. b. solar panels. d. solar cells. Short Answer 12. How does acid precipitation form? 13. If sunlight is free, why is electrical energy from solar cells expensive? 14. Describe three ways that humans use natural resources. 15. Explain how fossil fuels are found and obtained. Holt Science and Technology 39 Energy Resources
CRITICAL THINKING 16. Concept Mapping Use the following terms to create a concept map: fossil fuels, wind energy, energy resources, biomass, renewable resources, nonrenewable resources, solar energy, natural gas, gasohol, coal, and oil. Holt Science and Technology 40 Energy Resources
17. Predicting Consequences How would your life be different if fossil fuels were less widely available? 18. Evaluating Assumptions Are fossil fuels nonrenewable? Explain. 19. Evaluating Assumptions Why do we need to conserve renewable resources even though they can be replaced? 20. Evaluating Data What might limit the productivity of a geothermal power plant? 21. Identifying Relationships Explain why the energy we get from many of our resources ultimately comes from the sun. 22. Applying Concepts Describe the different ways you can conserve natural resources at home. 23. Identifying Relationships Explain why coal usually forms in different locations from where petroleum and natural gas form. 24. Applying Concepts Choose an alternative energy resource that you think should be developed more. Explain the reason for your choice. Holt Science and Technology 41 Energy Resources
INTERPRETING GRAPHICS Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow. Energy Consumption and Population Growth in the United States Energy Consumption (in quadrillions of British thermal units) 280 270 260 250 240 230 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 60 70 40 50 30 20 10 0 Year 280 270 260 250 240 230 220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 1998 Population (in millions) Source: U.S. Department of Energy 25. How many British thermal units were consumed in 1970? 26. In what year was the most energy consumed? 27. Why do you think that energy consumption has not increased at the same rate as the population has increased? Holt Science and Technology 42 Energy Resources
TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE SECTION: FOSSIL FUELS 1. Answers will vary. Sample answers: An energy resource is a resource that humans use to produce energy. Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of organisms that lived long ago. Petroleum is a liquid mixture of complex hydrocarbon compounds. Natural gas is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons. Coal is formed from partially decomposed plant material. The combination of sulfur dioxide and water vapor produces acid precipitation. Smog is a petrochemical base that forms when sunlight acts on industrial pollutants and burning fuels. 2. B 3. Coal is a solid fossil fuel, petroleum is a liquid fossil fuel, and natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel. 4. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Petroleum and natural gas both form when microscopic sea organisms die, settle to the ocean floor, and decay. Their remains are buried, and after millions of years of pressure and heat they become natural gas and petroleum. 5. We obtain petroleum and natural gas by drilling wells into rock formations that contain these resources. 6. Answers will vary. Students may mention oil spills, loss of soil from strip mining coal, acid rain, the production of smog due to burning fossil fuels, and increasing atmospheric CO 2. 7. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Petroleum and natural gas form under water from the decayed remains of sea microorganisms. Coal forms on land from partially decayed plant matter. 8. Answers will vary. Accept any well-supported answer. 9. the Middle East 10. $500,000,000,000.06 = $30,000,000,000 SECTION: ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES 1. Answers will vary. Sample answer: The energy released by fission or fusion is nuclear energy. Solar energy is produced by the sun. Using a windmill to drive an electric generator is called wind power. Electrical energy produced by falling water is hydroelectric energy. Biomass is organic matter that can be used as a source of energy. Gasohol is a combination of alcohol and gasoline. Geothermal energy is produced by heat within Earth to produce hot water or steam. 2. A 3. Solar energy can be used to produce electricity or for heating. 4. Hydroelectric energy production is practical in areas where there are large rivers. 5. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Burning biomass and converting plant material to alcohol that can be burned are two ways to release biomass energy. 6. Steam and water heated by geothermal energy can be used to generate electrical energy. Water heated by geothermal energy can also be used as a direct heat source. 7. Answers will vary. Answers should include that nuclear power plants require large volumes of water to prevent overheating and to generate steam. There is little water in the desert. 8. Answers will vary. Accept any well-supported answer. 9. 16% 38% 54% 10. Answers will vary. Accept any wellsupported answer. Chapter Review 1. petroleum 2. chemical energy 3. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Solar energy is energy from the sun. Wind power is the use of a windmill to drive and electric generator. 4. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Biomass is organic matter that contains stored energy. Gasohol is a fuel made from plant biomass and petroleum. 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. D Holt Science and Technology 94 Energy Resources
TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE 9. A 10. A 11. D 12. Air pollutants mix with moisture in the air, producing acids. These acids fall with rain or snow as acid precipitation. 13. Solar cells are relatively expensive to make. 14. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Humans use natural resources to produce electrical energy, heat, food, and products. 15. Some fossil fuels are found on land, others are under the ocean. The type and location of fuel determine the method used to remove the fuel. Petroleum and natural gas are removed by drilling wells into the rock that contain these resources. Coal is obtained either by mining deep into Earth, or by surface mining. 16. An answer to this exercise can be found at the end of the Teacher Edition. 17. Answers will vary. Accept all reasonable answers. 18. Answers will vary. Sample answer: We label certain resources as nonrenewable because it takes a long time for them to be replenished. Fossil fuels are renewable in the sense that they will be renewed in the future. But they form at a rate that is much slower than the rate they are being used. 19. Answers will vary. Sample answer: It is important to conserve renewable natural resources so that we don t use them up faster than they can be replenished. 20. Answers will vary. Students may discuss the amount of geothermal energy available. Geothermal energy can be exhausted in a particular location. 21. Answers will vary. Sample answer: The sun provides energy for photosynthesis. Photosynthetic organisms use this energy to build their tissues. The tissues of dead plants and sea organisms form fossil fuels. 22. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Reduce the use of electricity and water. Reuse products whenever possible. Recycle things which cannot be reused. 23. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Coal forms mainly from partly decayed plant matter. Petroleum and natural gas form from sea organisms. Therefore, they are generally found in different locations. 24. Answers will vary. Accept any wellsupported answer. 25. approximately 70 quadrillion BTU 26. 1998 27. Answers will vary. Students may state that a population increase would create a greater demand for resources. Reinforcement WHAT ARE MY RESOURCES? 1. R 2. N 3. R 4. R 5. N IF IT S A FOSSIL, HOW IS IT A FUEL? 1. solid 2. decayed swamp plants 3. bituminous coal 4. anthracite 5. liquid 6. decayed sea life 7. petroleum 8. kerosene 9. gas 10. decayed sea life 11. natural gas 12. butane Critical Thinking 1. Answers will vary. Sample answer: Near-pure sources of carbon, such as coal, could be used. 2. Answers will vary. Sample answer: STAR*FUEL is a nonrenewable energy resource because it is made using pure carbon, such as coal, which cannot be replaced at the same rate at which it is used. Holt Science and Technology 95 Energy Resources