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Integrated Observation on Coastal Blue Carbon Ecosystems in Indonesia By: Andreas Hutahaean*, Terry Kepel, Restu Nur Afi, Agustin Rustam, August Daulat, Tonny Wagey, Budi Sulistiyo Blue Carbon Center Agency for R & D of Marine and Fisheries *email : bluecarbon.indonesia (at) kkp.go.id or andreas (at) kkp.go.id

Coastal Ecosystems many critical ecosystem services Fisheries Coastal protection & erosion control Coastal Water Quality Livelihoods (tourism etc.) Cultural value Food Biodiversity Carbon sequestration and storage

Carbon Dynamic in Mangroves Source : AGU

DEFINITION BLUE CARBON Carbon captured by living organisms in coastal-ocean ecosystems, and accumulated in biomass (Mangrove & Seagrass) and sediments. XX X XXXXX

Why is Blue Carbon Important for Indonesia? Total Area: 3.11 million Ha (Giri et al, 2011) Total Seagrass Area in Indonesia: 3.0 million Ha (Kiswara, 1994)

Costal Ecosystems Highly Efficient at Carbon Sequestration Annual mean carbon sequestration rates Modified from McLeod et al. 2011

Coastal Ecosystem Have Rich Carbon Stores Mean carbon storage above and belowground (Fourqurean et al. 2012; Pan et al. 2011; Pendleton et al. 2012)

These ecosystems are being rapidly lost Annual Rate - Deforestation 0,3 % ( ~ 9330 Ha) (Modified from Pendleton et al. 2012).

Demostration Site for Integrated Blue Carbon in Berau-Derawan Islands, East Kalimantan (2012~ ) Marine Protected Area : 1.27 mill Ha One of the highest biodiversity in CT region Influenced by ITF (primary inflow)

Flowchart of Integrated Blue Carbon Programm MODEL Policy- Blue Carbon Concervation, Managemet, Sustainable use Meteorological Oceanographic Blue Growth Analysis Satellite Images -Mapping- Time Series Observation Fisheries & Aquaculture Marine Ecology Social-Economic Culture Verification 10

Coastal s Observation: Collecting physical-chem-bio data of coastal ecosystem (e.g. mangrove and sediment cores) for understanding the ecosystem dynamics and its impacts. Sediments Mangroves 11

Activities for Insitu Observations COASTAL BC Kuadrand transect Sediment Core Line transect Measurement of Biomass and DBH

Methodology - Protocol Free to download: thebluecarboninitiative.org/manual 13

Data analysis Carbon stock was quantified based on the measurement of aboveground biomass using allometric equation Allometric equations (Source: Kauffman and Donato, 2012) Species group Equation Source Data origin B. gymnorhiza B= 0.0754D 2.505 *ρ Modifified from Cole et al. 1999, Kauffman and Cole 2010 Micronesia R. apiculata B= 0.043D 2.63 Amira, 2008 Indonesia R. mucronata B= 0.1282D 2.60 Fromard et al, 1998 French Guinea S. alba B= 0.3841D 2.101 *ρ Modified from Cole et al. 1999, Kauffman and Cole 2010 Micronesia X. granatum B= 0.1832D 2.21 Tarlan, 2008 Indonesia Note: B= biomass (kg); D= diameter at breast height (cm); ρ= wood density (g.cm -3 ) Carbon stocks = biomass x carbon content (%) x area analysed using CN analizer Satelite (ArcGIS)

Biomass and Carbon Stock in Berau-Derawan Isls Biomass (ton/ha) Mangrove Ranges of DBH = 3,18 232, 48 cm 15

Biomass dan Karbon Mangrove Carbon Stock (ton C ha-1) a) 16

Mangrove Berau-Derawan Islands Biomass (ton/ha) 17

Biomass & Carbon Stock in Mangrove 18

Carbon Profile in Sedimen (Mg ha-1) 19

C (%) 20.000 18.000 16.000 14.000 12.000 10.000 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 0.000 Percentage Carbon in Sediment Cores (%) 6-10 26-30 51-55 71-75 96-100 Station 1C 1B 2 3A 4 5B 6 7 9 DERAWAN Islands 12.40 12.20 12.00 11.80 11.60 11.40 11.20 Percentage carbon in Surface Sedimen (%) P. Panjang P. Derawan P. Samama P. Maratua 20

Results: Mangrove cover map in Berau 21

Results: Deforestation in Berau 1990-2013 1990 2000 2005 2000 1990 -- 2010 2005 2013 Mangrove area and Carbon stock change Year 1990 Area Mangrove Secondary Mangrove 60,420 271 Carbon stock Mangrove Secondary Mangrove 8,872,092 14,921 Carbon stock change Mangrove Secondary Mangrove 2013 46,493 6,314 6,976,245 384,361-1,895,847 369,441 22

Results: Deforestation of Mangroves 1990 2013 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2013 1990-2013 1990-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 1990-2010 Grossloss -6,62% -1,01% -2,41% -9,79% Mangrove lost/degraded : 13.927 Ha Carbon lost: 1.89 Mill tonnes C 23

What Are the Impacts? ECOLOGICAL IMPACT Mangroves remove significant amounts of carbon from the atmosphere. Mangroves provide shelter and food for numerous fish, birds, crustaceans, and other wildlife. HUMAN HEALTH IMPACT Mangroves protect human lives by absorbing the impacts of waves, tsunamis, storm surges, and floods. Mangroves can absorb 70 to 90 % of the energy of a normal wave (Miththapala, 2008). ECONOMIC IMPACT Mangroves play a critical role in supporting commercial fisheries, improving water quality, and providing fuel and raw materials. The global value of the goods and services mangroves provide to humans has been estimated to be as much as $9,990 per hectare (Costanza et al., 1997). Berau has lost about $139.1 mill

THANK YOU!! B L U E C A R B O N C E N T E R Agency for Research and Development of Marine and Fisheries Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries - INDONESIA Contact : Andreas A. Hutahaean, PhD E: bluecarbon.indonesia@kkp.go.id andreas@kkp.go.id Add: Bld 2. BRKP, 4th Fl Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur 14430 Jakarta-INDONESIA 25

MoMAF data Estimates: Indonesia s Blue Carbon = 1.3 Pg C or approximately 10% of the world s entire coastal blue carbon (including C stored on the continental shelves, etc) Indonesian Mangrove Carbon = 690 Tg C or approximately 23% of the world s entire mangrove carbon Indonesian Seagrass Carbon = 980 Tg C or approximately 11% of the world s entire seagrass carbon 1.5% annual losses of seagrass and mangroves in Indonesia adds 2% (18.6 Tg C yr-1) to the world s deforestation C losses