Six Sigma Black Belt Study Guides 1 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Overview of Six Sigma DMAIC Define Define the project targets and customer (internal and external) deliverables. Measure Measure the process to determine the current process performance baseline). Analyze Find out the root causes of the defects. Improve Improve the process by eliminating defects. Control Control the future performance. 2 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Define Benchmarking Important stake holder Business Need / Business Case Market research data Historical quality information Team experience Quality Function Deployment CTQ flow down Kano customer satisfaction levels VOC KPI Balance scorecard Financial measures Customer value analysis 3 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Define VOC KPI Balance scorecard Financial measures Charter negotiations Templates Expert judgment Decomposition GANTT chart CPM & PERT Project charter Performance WBS Network diagrams Project management plan and baselines 4 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Measure Network diagrams Project management plan and base lines Project charter Performance Business process management SIPOC maps and flowcharts es characteristics flow inputs and outputs 5 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Measure es characteristics flow inputs and outputs Ishikawa diagrams Relational matrices Prioritization matrix Current process performance 6 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Measure Continuous and discrete data characteristics flow inputs and outputs Measurement scale Data integrity and accuracy Prioritization matrix Data collection methods Check sheets Coded data Automated gauging Sampling strategies Error frequencies 7 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Measure Continuous and discrete data characteristics flow inputs and outputs Measuring instruments Gauge R and R study Control chart method Calibration systems Measurement systems analysis Measurement correlation Measurement error Gauge Acceptance criteria 8 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Measure Continuous and discrete data characteristics flow inputs and outputs Descriptive (Enumerative) statistics Population parameters and sample statistics Central limit theorem Central tendencies Stem-and-leaf plots Box and Whisker plots Histograms and frequency polygons Probability plots Run chart Scatter diagram Frequency distributions Measures of dispersion 9 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Measure Inferential (analytical) statistics Continuous and discrete data characteristics flow inputs and outputs Probability Mutually exclusive Independent Conditional Combinations, permutations Continuous distributions and probability distribution functions Uniform Normal Bivariate normal Lognormal Exponential Weibull Chi-square Student s t F Discrete distributions and mass functions Binomial Poisson Hypergeometric multinomial Frequency distributions Measures of dispersion 10 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Measure Continuous and discrete data characteristics flow inputs and outputs capability studies Sigma level short term and long term Cp, cpk Pp, ppk Cpm performance DPU PPM DPMO FPY RTY COPQ 11 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Analyze Measurement systems capability indices parameters affecting CTQs performance Cost of poor quality (COPQ) Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Tree diagram Gap analysis Root cause analysis Five Whys Pareto Chart Fault tree analysis Cause-and-effect analysis Potential causes of defects Risk Priority Number (RPN) Corrective action to be taken Comparison of current and future state Value added and non-value added activities 12 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Analyze Testing of hypothesis Validating potential causes Point and interval estimation Biased / Unbiased estimator Confidence intervals Null / alternative hypothesis, type 1 and type 2 error, power of a test Test for means, variances, and proportions (one sample and two sample) Goodness of fit test ANOVA (One-way ANOVA and Two-way ANOVA) Non-parametric tests Validated causes 13 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Analyze Correlation and regression analysis Validating potential causes Variables and relationships Correlation coefficient Simple linear regression model Method of least squares Residuals Simple linear regression hypothesis testing (Test for correlation coefficient, slope parameter) Sources of variation Coefficient of determination Multiple linear regression Relationships between variables Best fitted and validated model 14 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Analyze Potential causes of defects Non-value added activities Validated causes Kanban Poka-Yoke 5S Standard operations (work) Kaizen and Kaizen Blitz SMED Continuous flow manufacturing (CFM) Theory of constraints (TOC) Waste elimination Cycle-time reduction Decreased inventory Decreased operating expenses 15 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Improve Design of experiment (DOE) Potential causes of defects Non-value added activities Validated causes DOE terminologies DOE planning process Types of experiment designs Interaction One factor experiments Completely randomized one factor experiments Randomized block experiments Latin square designs Yales order Fractional factorial experiments Identification of best solution (through experimentation) for implementation 16 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Improve Identification of best solution (through experimentation) for implementation Pilot runs Simulations Models Prototypes Implementation strategies Risk analysis and mitigation Implementation plan Scenario planning FMEA SWOT analysis 17 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Control Statistical process control (SPC) Identification of solutions for implementation Implementation plan Special and common cause of variation Rational subgrouping Variable control charts (X-bar and R, X-bar and s, I-MR) Attribute control charts (p, np, u, c) CUSUM chart MAMR chart Implemented solutions Total productive maintenance (TPM) Lean tools (5S, visual factory, Kaizen, Kanban, Poka-yoke) 18 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Control Implemented solutions Measurement system improvement Measurement system analysis (MSA) capability analysis Graphical data analysis Statistical testing audit Product audit Internal audit Revised measurement system Control plan for sustaining benefits Improved process capability Lessons learned Training plan deployment Documentation 19 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.
Overview of Six Sigma DMAIC Conclusion DMAIC at a glance 20 www.pmtutor.org Powered by POeT Solvers Limited.