Ch 12 End of Chapter - Study Questions Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. All atoms of actinides a. are radioactive. b. have a half-complete set of electrons in their outer level. c. have a complete set of electrons in their outer level. d. are very stable. 2. Lanthanides are a. part of Period 6. c. shiny and reactive. b. metals. d. All of the above 3. Groups 3 12 are commonly referred to as a. lanthanides. c. alkali metals. b. actinides. d. transition metals. 4. a. 80 amu. c. 200.6 amu. b. 80 g. d. 200.6 g. 5. On the periodic table, a column of elements is called a. an atomic line. c. a group or family. b. a period. d. a transition. 6. Which statement about the periodic table is NOT true? a. There are more metals than nonmetals. b. The metalloids are located in Groups 13 through 16. c. The elements at the far left of the table are nonmetals. d. Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number. 7. The wires in your home's electrical devices demonstrate a metal's property of a. conductivity. c. ductility. b. malleability. d. Both (a) and (b) 8. Transition metals from Period 6 that are placed at the bottom of the periodic table are commonly referred to as a. lanthanides. c. alkali metals. b. actinides. d. alkaline-earth metals. 9. Why is hydrogen placed above Group 1 in the periodic table? a. Like Group 1 metals, hydrogen is a metal soft enough to be cut with a knife. b. Like atoms of Group 1 metals, hydrogen atoms have only one electron in their outer level. c. Hydrogen has the same atomic mass as Group 1 metals. d. Hydrogen has the same density as Group 1 metals. 10. The group of unreactive nonmetals is called a. alkali nonmetals. c. halogens. b. alkaline-earth nonmetals. d. noble gases. 11. Which of the following is the LEAST reactive? a. alkali metal c. halogen
b. alkaline-earth metal d. noble gas 12. Elements in a family or group in the periodic table often share similar properties because a. they look alike. b. they are found in the same place on Earth. c. they have the same physical state. d. their atoms have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level. 13. Alkali metals are the most reactive of all the metals because they have electron(s) in their outer energy level. a. 1 c. 7 b. 2 d. 8 14. The elements in Groups 3 12 a. have unstable atoms. b. are poor conductors of electric current. c. have the same physical and chemical properties. d. are solids at room temperature, except for mercury. 15. Atoms of one group of nonmetals, the noble gases, have electrons in their outer energy level. a. few c. an almost complete set of b. about a half-complete set of d. a complete set of 16. Why are halogens considered to be the most reactive group of nonmetals? a. Their atoms give up only one electron to have a complete outer level. b. Their atoms give up only two electrons to have a complete outer level. c. Their atoms gain only one electron to have a complete outer level. d. Their atoms gain only two electrons to have a complete outer level. Below is a model of an atom. Examine the model and answer the questions that follow. 17. The element made up of atoms like the one in the model should be a. very reactive. c. unreactive. b. a good conductor. d. malleable. 18. The atom represented by the model makes up an element that belongs to which group on the periodic table? a. Group 1 alkali metals c. Group 17 halogens b. Group 2 alkaline-earth metals d. Group 18 noble gases 19. The atomic number of the atom represented by the model is a. 2. c. 6. b. 4. d. 8. 20. The element composed of atoms like the one in the model is found in which period on the periodic table? a. Period 1 c. Period 3 b. Period 2 d. Period 4 21. Elements that are composed of atoms that have an atomic number greater than 94 are special because they a. are unreactive. b. are artificial and do not occur in nature.
c. have a three-letter symbol. d. are gases at room temperature. 22. You can see your reflection in a mirror because metals tend to be a. shiny. c. malleable. b. conductive. d. ductile. 23. Making aluminum foil demonstrates a. conductivity. c. ductility. b. malleability. d. reflectivity. 24. Lanthanides and actinides are placed at the bottom of the periodic table a. because they are all radioactive. b. because they are elements that have been predicted, but not yet discovered. c. to keep the periodic table from being too wide. d. All of the above 25. Which of the following is NOT found on the periodic table? a. the atomic number of each element c. the density of each element b. the symbol of each element d. the atomic mass of each element 26. Hydrogen's physical properties are more like the properties of a. nonmetals than of metals. c. metalloids than of metals. b. metals than of nonmetals. d. metalloids than of nonmetals. 27. When a new element is added to the periodic table, a. the person who discovered the element chooses where to place it on the table. b. a permanent name must be approved by an international committee of scientists. c. a temporary name is used that is based on the element's atomic number. d. Both (b) and (c) 28. Rust is an example of how some transition metals a. are very reactive. c. are radioactive. b. are not very reactive. d. are not shiny. 29. Diamond, the hardest material known, is a natural form of an element in the a. boron group. c. nitrogen group. b. carbon group. d. oxygen group. 30. Why are alkaline-earth metals less reactive than alkali metals? a. It is easier for atoms to give away two electrons than to give away one electron. b. It is more difficult for atoms to give away two electrons than to give away one electron. c. Alkaline-earth metals are less dense than alkali metals. d. none of the above 31. One property of most nonmetals is that they are a. shiny. c. flattened when hit with a hammer. b. poor conductors of electric current. d. solids at room temperature. 32. When an element seemed to be missing from his periodic table, Mendeleev a. predicted that the element would be discovered. b. predicted the properties of the missing element. c. left a gap in his table for the missing element. d. All of the above 33. Transition metals from Period 7 that are placed at the bottom of the periodic table are commonly referred to as a. lanthanides. c. alkali metals. b. actinides. d. alkaline-earth metals. 34. On the periodic table, a row of elements is called a(n) a. atomic line. c. group.
b. period. d. family. 35. Which of the following groups is used in neon lights? a. halogens c. nitrogen group b. noble gases d. oxygen group The Periodic Table of the Elements 1 18 1 1 H Hydrogen 1.0 2 13 14 15 16 17 2 He Helium 4.0 2 3 Li Lithium 6.9 4 Be Beryllium 9.0 5 B Boron 10.8 6 C Carbon 12.0 7 N Nitrogen 14.0 8 O Oxygen 16.0 9 F Fluorine 19.0 10 Ne Neon 20.2 3 11 Na Sodium 23.0 12 Mg Magnesium 24.3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Al Aluminum 27.0 14 Si Silicon 28.1 15 P Phosphorus 31.0 16 S Sulfur 32.1 17 Cl Chlorine 35.5 18 Ar Argon 39.9 4 19 K Potassium 39.1 20 Ca Calcium 40.1 21 Sc Scandium 45.0 22 Ti Titanium 47.9 23 V Vanadium 50.9 24 Cr Chromium 52.0 25 Mn Manganese 54.9 26 Fe Iron 55.8 27 Co Cobalt 58.9 28 Ni Nickel 58.7 29 Cu Copper 63.5 30 Zn Zinc 65.4 31 Ga Gallium 69.7 32 Ge Germanium 72.6 33 As Arsenic 74.9 34 Se Selenium 79.0 35 Br Bromine 79.9 36 Kr Krypton 83.8 5 37 Rb Rubidium 85.5 38 Sr Strontium 87.6 39 Y Yttrium 88.9 40 Zr Zirconium 91.2 41 Nb Niobium 92.9 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.9 43 Tc Technetium (97.9) 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.1 45 Rh Rhodium 102.9 46 Pd Palladium 106.4 47 Ag Silver 107.9 48 Cd Cadmium 112.4 49 In Indium 114.8 50 Sn Tin 118.7 51 Sb Antimony 121.8 52 Te Tellurium 127.6 53 I Iodine 126.9 54 Xe Xenon 131.3 6 55 Cs Cesium 132.9 56 Ba Barium 137.3 57 La Lanthanum 138.9 72 Hf Hafnium 178.5 73 Ta Tantalum 180.9 74 W Tungsten 183.8 75 Re Rhenium 186.2 76 Os Osmium 190.2 77 Ir Iridium 192.2 78 Pt Platinum 195.1 79 Au Gold 197.0 80 Hg Mercury 200.6 81 Tl Thallium 204.4 82 Pb Lead 207.2 83 Bi Bismuth 209.0 84 Po Polonium (209.0) 85 At Astatine (210.0) 86 Rn Radon (222.0) 7 87 Fr Francium (223.0) 88 Ra Radium (226.0) 89 Ac Actinium (227.0) 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261.1) 105 Db Dubnium 106 Sg Seaborgium (263.1) 107 Bh Bohrium 108 Hs Hassium (265) 109 Mt Meitnerium (266) 110 Uun Ununnilium (271) 111 Uuu Unununium (272) 112 Uub Ununbium (277) 114 Uuq Ununquadium (285) 116 Uuh Ununhexium (289) 118 Uuo Ununoctium (293) 58 Ce Cerium 140.1 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.9 60 Nd Neodymium 144.2 61 Pm Promethium (144.9) 62 Sm Samarium 150.4 63 Eu Europium 152.0 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.3 65 Tb Terbium 158.9 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.5 67 Ho Holmium 164.9 68 Er Erbium 167.3 69 Tm Thulium 168.9 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.0 71 Lu Lutetium 175.0 90 Th Thorium 232.0 91 Pa Protactinium 231.0 92 U Uranium 238.0 93 Np Neptunium (237.0) 94 Pu Plutonium 244.1 95 Am Americium (243.1) 96 Cm Curium (247.1) 97 Bk Berkelium (247.1) 98 Cf Californium (251.1) 99 Es Einsteinium (252.1) 100 Fm Fermium (257.1) 101 Md Mendelevium (258.1) 102 No Nobelium (259.1) 103 Lr Lawrencium 36. Which element would be the most reactive with potassium? a. calcium (Ca) c. bromine (Br) b. gallium (Ga) d. krypton (Kr) 37. The element that would be added to the periodic table just below astatine, At, would have a. an atomic number of 117. c. an atomic mass of 117. b. a mass number of 117. d. All of the above 38. Which of the following characteristics would you expect element 118 to have? a. It would be an unreactive nonmetal. b. It would be a noble gas. c. Its atoms would have a full set of electrons in their outer level. d. all of the above 39. Which element would be the most reactive with oxygen? a. calcium (Ca) c. copper (Cu) b. sodium (Na) d. neon (Ne) 40. Which element is in the same period as sodium (Na) and in the same group as iodine (I)? a. phosphorus (P) c. chlorine (Cl)
b. oxygen (O) d. argon (Ar) 41. Which of the following statements is NOT true of elements on the periodic table? a. Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number. b. Elements to the left of the zigzag line are metalloids. c. Elements that are in the same group tend to have similar properties. d. Elements in the column farthest to the right are unreactive. 42. Moseley rearranged the elements in Mendeleev s periodic table in terms of a. chemical symbols. c. density. b. atomic mass. d. atomic number. 43. An iron griddle can cook your favorite foods on a stove because it has high thermal a. conductivity. c. ductility. b. malleability. d. reflectivity. 44. Which of the following metals is most reactive? a. lithium (Li) c. titanium (Ti) b. calcium (Ca) d. All metals have the same reactivity. 45. From the results of his experiments, Moseley was able to determine the number of in an atom. a. protons c. electrons b. neutrons d. All of the above 46. An element that is a very reactive gas is most likely a member of the a. noble gases. c. halogens. b. alkali metals. d. actinides. 47. Which statement is true? a. Alkali metals are generally found in their uncombined form. b. Alkali metals are Group 1 elements. c. Alkali metals should be stored under water. d. Alkali metals are unreactive. 48. Which of the following is a true statement about elements? a. Every element occurs naturally. b. All elements are found in their uncombined form in nature. c. Each element has a unique atomic number. d. All of the elements exist in approximately equal quantities. 49. Most of the elements in the periodic table are a. metals. c. poor conductors of electric current. b. metalloids. d. nonmetals. 50. Alkaline-earth metals than alkali metals. a. are more reactive c. have lower atomic numbers b. have greater density d. are more explosive 51. The element is a metalloid. a. silicon, Si c. lead, Pb b. carbon, C d. phosphorus, P 52. Most metals a. are easily shattered. b. are bad conductors of electric current. c. are made of atoms with many electrons in their outer energy level. d. are made of atoms with few electrons in their outer energy level. 53. is a gas at room temperature, and its atoms have six electrons in their outer level. a. Nitrogen c. Oxygen b. Bromine d. Sulfur
54. Mendeleev arranged the elements a. in order of increasing atomic mass. c. alphabetically. b. in order of increasing atomic number. d. randomly. 55. When the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, similar chemical and physical properties were observed in every element. a. second c. eighth b. fourth d. sixteenth 56. Each square on the periodic table includes an element's a. name, chemical symbol, and mass number. b. name, chemical symbol, and ion number. c. chemical symbol, mass number, and atomic mass. d. name, chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. 57. The elements in a period on the periodic table become a. more metallic moving from top to bottom. b. less metallic moving from left to right. c. less metallic moving from top to bottom. d. more metallic moving from left to right. 58. The zigzag line on the periodic table helps you to identify a. the physical state of an element at room temperature. b. the group number for an element. c. where the lanthanides and actinides belong. d. elements as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids. 59. How many elements are in the first period of the periodic table? a. 1 c. 8 b. 2 d. 18 60. A number in parentheses on the periodic table is the a. atomic number. b. atomic mass. c. mass number of the most stable form of that element. d. neutron number. 61. In the periodic table, elements are classified as according to their properties. a. solid, liquid, or gas c. metals, nonmetals, and metalloids b. neutral or ionized d. bondable or not bondable 62. Most metals are good conductors of a. thermal energy. c. light energy. b. electric current. d. Both (a) and (b) 63. Atoms of most nonmetals have electrons in their outer energy level. a. few c. an almost complete set of b. about a half-complete set of d. a complete set of 64. Atoms of most metalloids have electrons in their outer energy level. a. few c. an almost complete set of b. about a half-complete set of d. a complete set of 65. Which class of elements are also called semiconductors? a. metals c. metalloids b. nonmetals d. noble gases 66. Air is mainly composed of elements that are a. metals. c. metalloids. b. nonmetals. d. noble gases.
67. The group of metals that are soft enough to be cut with a knife are a. alkali metals. c. transition metals. b. alkaline-earth metals. d. lanthanides. 68. Why would you NOT want to handle alkali metals with your bare hands? a. Alkali metals are acidic and can corrode the skin. b. Alkali metals are gases at room temperature. c. Alkali metals can react with the moisture on your hands and burn your skin. d. Alkali metals are toxic and can be absorbed through your skin. 69. Which of the following are properties of alkali metals? a. poor conductor, very reactive c. unreactive, not shiny, gaseous b. low density, shiny, soft d. very dense, somewhat shiny, brittle 70. Which of the following is a property of nonmetals? a. poor conductors of electric current c. malleable b. very reactive with water d. shiny 71. Which of the following groups have a complete set of electrons in their outer energy level? a. alkali metals c. halogens b. alkaline-earth metals d. noble gases 72. The most abundant element in the universe is a. hydrogen. c. nitrogen. b. helium. d. carbon. 73. Which of the following elements are used to make computer chips? a. boron and gallium c. silicon and germanium b. arsenic and antimony d. tellurium and selenium 74. An element found in the makes up about 80 percent of the air you breathe. a. boron group. c. nitrogen group. b. carbon group. d. oxygen group. 75. Transition metals a. are all solid at room temperature. b. are all silver-colored. c. are not very reactive. d. have a wide range of physical and chemical properties. 76. Titanium is a transition metal that can be used in artificial bones because it is a. very reactive. c. radioactive. b. not very reactive. d. naturally found in the body. 77. Unlike most transition metals, mercury a. is gold-colored. b. is in the liquid state at room temperature. c. is very reactive. d. is not very reactive. 78. Atoms of elements in the same group as oxygen have electrons in their outer level. a. 2 c. 8 b. 6 d. 16 Short Answer 79. The chart below shows the percentages of elements in the Earth s crust.
Excluding the "Other" category, what percentage of the Earth's crust is a. alkali metals? b. alkaline-earth metals? 80. Study the diagram below to determine the pattern of the images. Predict the missing image, and draw it. Identify which properties are periodic and which properties are shared within a group. 81. Many people think the words air and oxygen mean almost the same thing. Use the pie graph below to explain why this is NOT correct. Show your work. Essay 1 The Periodic Table of the Elements 1 18 1 H 2 13 14 15 16 17 2 He
Hydrogen 1.0 Helium 4.0 2 3 Li Lithium 6.9 4 Be Beryllium 9.0 5 B Boron 10.8 6 C Carbon 12.0 7 N Nitrogen 14.0 8 O Oxygen 16.0 9 F Fluorine 19.0 10 Ne Neon 20.2 3 11 Na Sodium 23.0 12 Mg Magnesium 24.3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Al Aluminum 27.0 14 Si Silicon 28.1 15 P Phosphorus 31.0 16 S Sulfur 32.1 17 Cl Chlorine 35.5 18 Ar Argon 39.9 4 19 K Potassium 39.1 20 Ca Calcium 40.1 21 Sc Scandium 45.0 22 Ti Titanium 47.9 23 V Vanadium 50.9 24 Cr Chromium 52.0 25 Mn Manganese 54.9 26 Fe Iron 55.8 27 Co Cobalt 58.9 28 Ni Nickel 58.7 29 Cu Copper 63.5 30 Zn Zinc 65.4 31 Ga Gallium 69.7 32 Ge Germanium 72.6 33 As Arsenic 74.9 34 Se Selenium 79.0 35 Br Bromine 79.9 36 Kr Krypton 83.8 5 37 Rb Rubidium 85.5 38 Sr Strontium 87.6 39 Y Yttrium 88.9 40 Zr Zirconium 91.2 41 Nb Niobium 92.9 42 Mo Molybdenum 95.9 43 Tc Technetium (97.9) 44 Ru Ruthenium 101.1 45 Rh Rhodium 102.9 46 Pd Palladium 106.4 47 Ag Silver 107.9 48 Cd Cadmium 112.4 49 In Indium 114.8 50 Sn Tin 118.7 51 Sb Antimony 121.8 52 Te Tellurium 127.6 53 I Iodine 126.9 54 Xe Xenon 131.3 6 55 Cs Cesium 132.9 56 Ba Barium 137.3 57 La Lanthanum 138.9 72 Hf Hafnium 178.5 73 Ta Tantalum 180.9 74 W Tungsten 183.8 75 Re Rhenium 186.2 76 Os Osmium 190.2 77 Ir Iridium 192.2 78 Pt Platinum 195.1 79 Au Gold 197.0 80 Hg Mercury 200.6 81 Tl Thallium 204.4 82 Pb Lead 207.2 83 Bi Bismuth 209.0 84 Po Polonium (209.0) 85 At Astatine (210.0) 86 Rn Radon (222.0) 7 87 Fr Francium (223.0) 88 Ra Radium (226.0) 89 Ac Actinium (227.0) 104 Rf Rutherfordium (261.1) 105 Db Dubnium 106 Sg Seaborgium (263.1) 107 Bh Bohrium 108 Hs Hassium (265) 109 Mt Meitnerium (266) 110 Uun Ununnilium (271) 111 Uuu Unununium (272) 112 Uub Ununbium (277) 114 Uuq Ununquadium (285) 116 Uuh Ununhexium (289) 118 Uuo Ununoctium (293) 58 Ce Cerium 140.1 59 Pr Praseodymium 140.9 60 Nd Neodymium 144.2 61 Pm Promethium (144.9) 62 Sm Samarium 150.4 63 Eu Europium 152.0 64 Gd Gadolinium 157.3 65 Tb Terbium 158.9 66 Dy Dysprosium 162.5 67 Ho Holmium 164.9 68 Er Erbium 167.3 69 Tm Thulium 168.9 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.0 71 Lu Lutetium 175.0 90 Th Thorium 232.0 91 Pa Protactinium 231.0 92 U Uranium 238.0 93 Np Neptunium (237.0) 94 Pu Plutonium 244.1 95 Am Americium (243.1) 96 Cm Curium (247.1) 97 Bk Berkelium (247.1) 98 Cf Californium (251.1) 99 Es Einsteinium (252.1) 100 Fm Fermium (257.1) 101 Md Mendelevium (258.1) 102 No Nobelium (259.1) 103 Lr Lawrencium 82. Using argon (Ar) and potassium (K), explain why arranging the elements in order of increasing atomic number is better than arranging the elements in order of increasing atomic mass. 83. While reading a book on nutrition, you learn that a small cantaloupe has about 1,280 mg of potassium. How do you know that this is not pure potassium? 84. The following chart shows some of the characteristics and properties of "Element X." Examine the chart and answer the question that follows. Characteristics and properties State at room temperature Hardness Malleability Ductility Ability to conduct electric current Properties of Element X solid Melting point 960 C Reactions Element X harder than gold; softer than copper can be hammered into sheets 0.000025 cm thick can be drawn into wires finer than a human hair excellent conductor does not react with water; resists corrosion; reacts with sulfur or air that contains sulfur Based on the information in the chart and in the periodic table, identify Element X. Explain your reasoning.