The Status of Modern Biotechnology in Africa and Specifically Tanzania Emmarold Mneney Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute (MARI) Capacity Building Workshop for Decision Markers, Kunduchi Tanzania 29 Sept 2015
Overview of Presentation Introduction Why biotechnology is crucial Status of GM in Africa Status of GM in Tanzania Challenges and concluding remarks
Introduction Millennium and Mkukuta goals Kilimo kwanza Science and technology Agricultural policy Biotechnology and other emerging technologies 11/12/2015 3
Why GM technology? Adress global challenges
Banana disease eg Fusarium and Bacterial Wilt 11/12/2015 5
Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease (Batobato)
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD)
11/12/2015 Coconut lethal diasese
insect pests in Maize Bungua wa Mahindi 11/12/2015
Abiotic stress (Drought)
Enviromental challenges Municipal waste Abattoir waste Low P/soil acidity 11/12/2015 11
Human and Animal heath Malaria, Cancer Malnutrition TB AIDS/HIV Diabetes Nagana Rinderpest Foot and mouth disease East Coast Fever 11/12/2015 12
World population in billions The Global Challenge Increased demand for Food, Feed, Water and Fuel 10 9 8 7 6.5 8 9.2 Tanzania population will grow from current 48M to 70M by 2025 and 90M by 2050 6 5 4 3 2 Arable land and water resources is on the decline 1 0 2013 2025 2050 Year Climate change will limit water availability; introduce new pests Increased consumption of biofuel
The Million-dollar Question Where will we get the food to feed the ever increasing population in Tanzania
Challenge cont 65% of Africa s labour workforce is employed by agriculture H/H Ageing farmers Declining number of farmers The youth shunning agriculture for white-collar jobs in cities
What is modern biotechnology?
3. What is Modern biotechnology Technologies used to isolate genes from an organism, manipulate them in the laboratory and insert them in another organism to produce a product with desired trait eg. Maize Maize Maize Tomatoes Product=genetically modified organism- GMO)
Other terms GM technology Genetic Engineering Genetic transformation GMOs 11/12/2015 18
ADOPTION OF Genetically Modified Crops 1996 to 2014 (19 years) Africa and Tanzania
Global Area (Million Hectares) of Biotech Crops, 2014: by Country 87% Americas Increase over 2013 3-4 % 2% Africa Source: Clive James, 2014. 11% Asia 28 countries which have adopted biotech crops In 2014, global area of biotech crops was 181.5 million hectares, representing an increase of 3-4% over 2013, equivalent to 5 million hectares. Biotech Mega Countries 50,000 hectares (125,000 acres), or more 1. USA 2. Brazil* 3. Argentina* 4. India* 5. Canada 6. China* 7. Paraguay* 8. Pakistan* 9. South Africa* 10. Uruguay* 11. Bolivia* 12. Philippines* 13. Australia 14. Burkina Faso* 15. Myanmar* 16. Mexico* 17. Spain* 18. Colombia* 19. Sudan* 73.1 42.2 24.3 11.6 11.6 3.9 3.9 2.9 2.7 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Less than 50,000 hectares Chile* Honduras* Portugal Cuba* * Developing countries Million Hectares Czech Republic Costa Rica* Romania Slovakia Bangladesh
Progres in Africa.. 3 COUNTRIES South Africa Burkina Faso Sudan 3 CROPS Maize Cotton Soybean 3.3 MILLIONS HECTARES
Progres in Africa Commercial Countries Nothing in ECA
Principal GM Crops In Africa Soybean Cotton Maize
Farmer testimonies Burkina Faso farmers: Advantages of Bt cotton: 1. Labour is less tedious (2 sprays instead of 8) 2. Better health 3. Increased yield 4. More income: Bought farm equipment, built new houses,new motorbikes and own businesses etc. 5. Enabled to take children to school and take care of families
Burkina Faso Farmers Mr. Tasséré Ilboudo, Bazèga province Bt cotton farmer for more than 4 years Mrs Azèta Kinda, Binsboumbou village, Bazèga Province, Bt cotton province for more than 4 years Mr. Coulibaly Tankelé, Dissankuy village, Solenzo province, Bt cotton farmer > 4 years
Sudan farmers Increase from 2013: ~46% with 90,000 ha of Bt cotton
Progres in Africa Pipeline GM Crops Source: Clive James, 2014 RSA maize, potatoes, sugarcane, Cameroon: cotton Kenya cassava, cotton, maize, sorghum, swetpotato Ghana- cotton, cowpea, rice Egypt cotton, potato, wheat, cucumber, melon Uganda - banana, cotton, cassava, maize, rice Nigeria - cowpea, cassava, sorghum
Current status of GM crops in East Africa.. But 11/12/2015 28
In Confined field trial stage Country Crop Trait Kenya Maize Drought & Bt Cassava CMVD Cotton Bt S/potatoes SPMV Uganda Maize Drought and Bt Cassava CMV Cotton Bt Banana Bacterial, Vit A, sigatoka Malawi Cotton Bt Tanzania????/NA????NA
Current status of GM crops in TANZANIA. 11/12/2015 30
Status of GM application in Tanzania
Institutions with capacity to conduct GM research in Tanzania Mikocheni Agric Research Utafiti ndani ya maabara Institute (MARI) (contained research) University of DSM (UDSM)
Genetic engineering- Steps Contained research in labs and glass houses Contained facility at MARI
Contained research at MARI Modern lab facility at Mikocheni Contained research on cassava mosaic disease and cassava brown streak disease CBSD from 2011 11/12/2015 34
Confined field trials Tanzania has no confined field trials WEMA project has applied for permit for drought tolerant maize 11/12/2015 35
CFT site Makutopora Dodoma Govt in collaboration K, Ug, Moz, na SA are implementing a Water Efficient Maize for Africa (WEMA) Trial site of about (2ha) at Makutupora, Dodoma Not planted But 1 st CFT is expected this year
I S A A A Capacity bulding and awareness creation 11/12/2015 37
Preparing the youth for high tech science/ Agriculture Univ. Dar Es Salaam SUA MARI Nelson Mandela Institute
Cassava transformation activities at MARI Lab
Seeing is believing tours Trip to Burkina faso of scientists and policy makers Min of Science Jnr. Ministers Of Agriculture
Safari ya mafunzo Uganda ya wataalamu na viongozi Waziri wa kilimo Wabunge na
Outreach activities Naliendele scientists
Outreach activities Students of MATI
Outreach activities Teacher training college (TTC)
Outreach activities Teacher training college (TTC)
Outreach activities Engaging cassava farmers
Challenges for Biotech R&D in TZ Inadequate funding for R&D Limited awareness on biotech Lack of critical mass of highly trained scientists, technicians & entrepreneurs Activists!!!!!
I S A A A Investment options relevant to Tanzania 11/12/2015 48
Strategic investment in proven GM tech Drought tolerant maize Bt cotton and maize Banana tolerant to Fusarium wilt Biopharming Focus on applications addressing the effects of climate change Abiotic and biotic stress 11/12/2015 49
Climate change (i) Drought tolerant maize 11/12/2015 50
(ii) Bt Cotton I S A A A GM cotton Non Gm cotton Cotton can be grown in the southern regions of Rukwa Morogoro and Mtwara
(iii) Bt maize or a combination of Bt and drought tolerance
Mapendekezo (iv) Cassava resistant CBSD and CMD
Babana resistant to Fusarium and Bacterial Wilt 11/12/2015 54
I S A A A Conclusion 11/12/2015 55
I S A A A Can biotechnology make a difference in Tanzania? 11/12/2015 56
Conclusion Biotechnology has great potential in promoting agricultural and socio-economic development The application of plant biotechnology techniques, in conjunction with conventional plant breeding and good crop management, can play a major role in ensuring food security and adequate nutrition in Africa. 11/12/2015 57
Conclusion Tanzania's advantage/asset is its valuable biodiversity, which can earn revenue for its people not only through tourism, but also through bioprospecting. Strong leadership, effective priority-setting, and enabling environment for scientists and entrepreneurs are required. 11/12/2015 58
Recommendation Provide adequate Funding: Increased budget for S&T Increased budget for Agricultural sector Increased budget for Biotechnology 11/12/2015 59
In Conclusions.. We cannot feed the world of tomorrow with yester-years technologies. No way!!! Strategic investment in proven biotechnologies is the way to go!!!.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Government of Tanzania MAFC COSTECH OFAB Farmers And many other
11/12/2015 62 Thank you so much for your attention and I look forward to your question!!!