TU103: Life and Sustainability CLASS 3: HISTORY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) Lecturers: Nuttavikhom Phanthuwongpakdee Chantanee Ngernpermpoon
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UN-SUSTAINABILITY
BRIEF HISTORY OF GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY MOVEMENT Kyoto Protocol Extension Kyoto Protocol European Climate Change Programme 1945 1962 1972 1987 1988 1992 1997 2000 2008 2012 2015 Rio1992 UNFCCC Agenda 21 Human causes Climate change.
1945: UNITED NATIONS An intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international co-operation and to create and maintain international order.
1962: SILENT SPRING RACHEL CARSON
1972: UNEP Mission: to provide leadership and encourage partnerships in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing and enabling nations and people to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. main activities are related to: - climate change; - disasters and conflicts; - ecosystem management; - environmental governance; - environment under review; - harmful substances - resource efficiency.
1987: OUR COMMON FUTURE - Also known as the Brundtland Report after Gro Harlem Brundtland - The mandates are: 1. re-examine the critical issues of environment and development and to formulate innovative, concrete, and realistic action proposals to deal with them; 2. strengthen international cooperation on environment and development and to assess and propose new forms of cooperation that can break out of existing patterns and influence policies and events in the direction of needed change 3. raise the level of understanding and commitment to action on the part of individuals, voluntary organizations, businesses, institutes, and governments (1987: 347).
1987: OUR COMMON FUTURE
1988: INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (IPCC) Purpose: assess on a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent basis the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation The IPCC has published five comprehensive assessment reports reviewing the latest climate science. These reports are prepared by teams of relevant researchers selected by the Bureau from government nominations.
1992:THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (RIO 1992) The issues addressed included: systematic scrutiny of patterns of production alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil fuels new reliance on public transportation systems the growing usage and limited supply of water An important achievement of the summit was an agreement on the Climate Change Convention which in turn led to the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement.
1992: THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC) Aims to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system Outlines how specific international treaties (called "protocols" or "Agreements") may be negotiated The parties to the convention have met annually from 1995 in Conferences of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in dealing with climate change. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was concluded
1992: AGENDA 21 Agenda 21 is a (non-binding) comprehensive plan (guideline) of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every area in which human impacts on the environment. Implementation by member states remains voluntary, and its adoption has varied.
1997: KYOTO PROTOCOL Industrialised nations pledged to cut their yearly emissions of carbon, as measured in six greenhouse gases, averaging at 5.2% by 2012 as compared to 1990 Some countries and regions, including the European Union, were on track by 2011 to meet or exceed the goals USA and China churned out more greenhouse gas to erase all the reductions made by other countries
2000: THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDGS) Were the Millennium Development Goals a success? Yes! Kind of
2000: EUROPEAN CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMME The goal of the ECCP is to identify and develop all the necessary elements of an EU strategy to implement the Kyoto Protocol.
BY 2008: HUMAN CAUSES CLIMATE CHANGE
2012: KYOTO PROTOCOL EXTENSION Meeting in Doha 2012, Extend the Protocol to 2020
2012: KYOTO PROTOCOL EXTENSION Was Kyoto Protocol a success? Yes - more successes than failures from nations with Kyoto targets No emission trends have showed no sign of slowing down
2015: PARIS AGREEMENT Holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 C above pre-industrial levels Pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster resilience Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards resilient development No mechanism to force a country to set a specific target by a specific date, but should go beyond previously set targets.
THE MEGATREND: GLOBAL LEVEL Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the global development goals proposed by the United Nations to which 194 countries politically committed on September 25 th 2015. SDGs period is 2015-2030. SDGs is also called Agenda 2030. 22
THE MEGATREND: GLOBAL LEVEL Leave No One Behind 23
SDGS ARE Inclusive Development Universal Development Integrated Development Locally-focused Development Technology-driven Development
SDGS ARE FOR EVERYONE
THE SDGS People Prosperity Numbers of SDGs 17 Goals 169 Targets Planet 232 Indicators Peace Partnership
SDGS TARGETS? There are 169 targets 43 Mechanism Targets = Target x.a, x.b, 126 Outcome Targets = Target x.1, x.2,
SDGS INDICATORS? Tier 1: Indicator is conceptually clear, has an established methodology, and data are regularly produced by countries for at least 50 percent of countries and of the population in every region where the indicator is relevant. Tier 2: Indicator is conceptually clear, has an established methodology and standards are available, but data are not regularly produced by countries. Tier 3: No internationally established methodology or standards are yet available for the indicator, but methodology/standards are being developed or tested. There are: 82 Tier 1 indicators 61 Tier 2 indicators 84 Tier III indicators
WHY THAILAND SHOULD CARE ABOUT SDGS? We are one of the 194 countries It will help Thailand develops sustainably and inclusively People can use it as a tool for their own development projects People can use it as a tool to contest un-sustainable acts Enable Thais to speak the same development language as the rest of the world It is a global initiate and no political party can claim anything
International Level Thailand Sustainable Development Committee Public Organizations Private companies Press Designated ministers Academic Civil society organization Youth
WHERE IS THAILAND? http://sdgindex.org
WHERE IS THAILAND?
PEOPLE http://sdgindex.org 35
PROSPERITY http://sdgindex.org 36
PLANET http://sdgindex.org 37
PEACE http://sdgindex.org 38
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 1 Take a selfie of yourself with any person (or a group of people) No family member or girl/boyfriend In your photo, you must hold a piece of paper indicating the chosen Goal Write an essay of NO MORE than 700 words to explain: Your relation to that person or people, e.g. your employer, your primary school teacher, your most favourite canteen vendor, etc. What Goal is the most relevant to that person (or that group of people) In relation to the Goal, explain how can that person (or people) contribute to sustainable development. Make sure that in each group: Only two people per group can have the same Goal. Six most creative essays will be featured in the Thailand Research Fund (TRF) s website www.sdgmove.com.
FOR EXAMPLE This is Aunt Somsri, my most favourite bookshop s owner. I have been visiting her shop since I was five Goal 4: Education for all is the most relevant SDG Goal to Aunt Somsri Although, she is not a teacher, she has been giving out leftover books to many poor children for decades Her act of kindness would ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all Certainly, her act is a very sustainable one. Instead of producing waste by throwing away all the leftover books, she chooses to travel to the slum and give those books to the less fortunate Education is not just about reading textbooks, novels can teach us something too, like how to write creatively or how to use the Thai language properly. Plus, who does not like a little bit of fun