Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Food Industries in Florida in 2014 Alan Hodges and Mohammad Rahmani, UF/IFAS Report available at http://www.edis.ifas.ufl.edu August 2016 Contents Executive Summary... 1 Glossary of Economic Impact Terms... 4 Introduction... 6 Methods... 7 Results... 10 Economic Contributions by Groups and Sectors... 10 Economic Contributions by Agricultural Commodity Groups... 19 Economic Contributions in Florida Regions and Counties... 21 Share of Florida Gross Domestic Product and... 29 Trends in Economic Contributions over Time... 32 Conclusions... 39 Literature and Information Sources Cited... 40 Appendix: Florida County Profiles of Economic Contributions of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Food Industries in 2014... 41 This is EDIS document FE993, a publication of the Food and Resource Economics Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Published August 2016. Visit the EDIS website at http;//edis.itas.uf.edu. Alan Hodges, extension scientist, and Mohammad Rahmani, economic analyst, Food and Resource Economics Department, UF/IFAS, Extension, Gainesville, FL.
Executive Summary Agriculture, natural resources, and food industries remain a significant force in the economy of Florida and informed public policy demands recognition of the economic contributions of these industries. Economists at the University of Florida institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) evaluated the economic contributions of the agriculture, natural resources, and food industries for calendar year 2014 to update previous reports and provide current information on economic trends. The analysis described in this publication was conducted using the IMPLAN regional economic modeling system and associated state and county databases (IMPLAN Group LLC) to estimate economic multipliers and contributions for over 500 different industry sectors. Multipliers capture the indirect and induced economic activity generated by re-spending of income or sales revenues in a regional economy. The analysis included 121 industry sectors representing the broad array of activities encompassed by agricultural and natural-resource commodity production, manufacturing, distribution, and supporting services in Florida. Economic contributions can be measured in terms of employment, industry output, value, exports, labor income, other property income, and business taxes. A glossary of economic terms used in this report is provided following this summary. The economic contributions of Florida agriculture, natural resources, and food industries for 2014 are summarized in Table ES1, and include output or sales revenues of $155.15 billion Foreign and domestic exports of $59.61 billion 1,565,167 full-time and part-time direct jobs in agriculture, natural resource, and food industries, representing 13.8 percent of all jobs in the state An additional 645,424 jobs indirectly connected to these industries for a total employment impact of 2,210,591 jobs, representing 19.2 percent of total state employment Total value impacts (including multiplier effects) of $127.34 billion, representing 14.1 percent of Gross State Product Total labor income impacts of $77.19 billion, including employee wages, fringe benefits, and business proprietor income Total property income impacts of $37.28 billion, representing rents, dividends, interest, royalties, etc. Taxes on production and imports paid to local, state, and federal governments totaling $12.87 billion Across the various industry groups, total employment and value impacts were largest for the food and kindred products distribution (1.416 million jobs; $72.88 billion) which includes food service establishments (restaurants) and retail food stores, followed by agricultural inputs and services (269,421 jobs; $14.71billion); crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries production (214,299 jobs; $14.78 billion); food and kindred product 1
manufacturing (144,385 jobs; $13.01 billion); forest product manufacturing (69,222 jobs; $6.02 billion); mining (58,313 jobs; $3.99 billion); and nature-based recreation (38,653 jobs; $1.95 billion). Excluding the food and kindred products distribution industry group, total value impacts represented 5.59 percent of Gross State Product and employment contributions were 6.03 percent of total state employment. Information on economic contributions was also evaluated for seven agricultural commodity groups that have identifiable market-chain linkages between production and processing/manufacturing sectors. The total employment and value contributions were highest for the environmental horticulture group (179,580 jobs; $8.85 billion); followed by fruit and vegetable farming and processing (81,477 jobs; $6.22 billion); forestry and forest products (77,621 jobs; $6.59 billion); livestock and dairy farming and animal products manufacturing (41,309 jobs; $2.78 billion); sugarcane farming and refined sugar manufacturing (17,633 jobs; $1.64 billion); fishing and seafood products (14,663 jobs; $873 million); and grain and oilseed farming and processing (3,439 jobs; $310 million). Geographically, the size and composition of agriculture, natural resources, and related food industries varies dramatically across the state of Florida due to differences in climate, natural resource endowments, and population and settlement patterns. The largest economic contributions occurred in the major metro areas of Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, Orlando, Tampa-St. Petersburg, Sarasota-Bradenton and Jacksonville, where there are large demands for food and kindred products, and a large workforce available for the industry (Table ES1). The eight largest counties in terms of total employment and value impacts were Miami-Dade (237,198 jobs; $14.25 billion), Orange (180,412 jobs; $10.76 billion), Hillsborough; (165,789 jobs; $11.17 billion), Palm Beach (155,073 jobs; $9.18 billion), Broward (159,069 jobs; $8.31 billion), Duval (119,733 jobs; $8.22 billion), Polk (95,580 jobs; $6.651 billion), and Pinellas (79,858 jobs; $3.69 billion). Additional detailed information on economic contributions in individual Florida counties is available in the Appendix. employment in agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida grew from 1.252 million jobs in 2001 to a peak of 1.351 million jobs in 2008, before declining during the Great Recession of 2009/10, and then recovering to 1.565 million jobs in 2014 which was 24.9 percent higher than 2001, representing an average annual growth rate of 1.9 percent. Overall growth in industry contributions during this period reflected an increase in exports of Florida products to domestic and world markets. Average annual growth in employment contributions during 2001-14 was highest for mining (11.9%), followed by agricultural inputs and services (8.2%), and food and kindred products distribution (3.3%), while industry groups that had negative growth in employment contributions were forest products manufacturing (-0.01%);, food and kindred products manufacturing (-0.02%); crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries production ( 1.2%); and nature-based recreation ( 4.7%). 2
Table ES1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida, 2014, by industry groups and Florida regions Group / Region Group Foreign and Domestic Labor Income Other Property Income Business Tax Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Agricultural Inputs & Services Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Forest Products Manufacturing 126,716 11,040.4 7,192.3 22,380.3 214,299 14,776.1 8,255.8 5,801.1 719.2 174,998 18,163.6 10,809.5 32,096.5 269,421 14,714.3 9,508.2 4,248.1 958.0 59,504 26,372.1 10,344.1 38,904.9 144,385 13,010.7 7,072.2 4,714.5 1,224.0 21,168 8,253.0 5,667.4 15,136.3 69,222 6,022.9 3,620.1 1,978.4 424.3 Mining 27,156 6,929.3 3,398.3 11,407.2 58,313 3,985.9 2,161.1 1,496.4 328.4 Food & Kindred Products Distribution 1,129,529 82,690.3 21,258.1 120,604.8 1,416,299 72,881.5 45,313.9 18,472.4 9,095.2 Nature-based Recreation 26,096 1,703.0 936.5 3,364.2 38,653 1,950.7 1,262.1 571.6 116.9 Total All Industries 1,565,167 155,151.8 59,606.2 243,894.3 2,210,591 127,342.2 77,193.5 37,282.6 12,866.0 Florida Region Miami-Fort Lauderdale 490,537 46,491 19,810 73,076 684,957 40,913 25,772 11,175 4,080 Orlando 419,850 42,596 20,822 67,973 605,925 34,497 20,348 10,671 3,501 Tampa-St. Petersburg 215,375 22,560 10,518 35,972 308,812 18,498 11,248 5,330 1,930 Sarasota-Bradenton 171,076 13,918 5,051 21,006 224,751 11,342 7,350 2,904 1,080 Jacksonville 101,536 13,251 7,361 21,110 156,512 10,359 5,704 3,506 1,111 Pensacola 58,360 4,405 1,909 6,770 76,410 3,481 2,204 812 394 Gainesville 42,781 4,696 2,540 6,795 59,123 3,227 1,745 1,178 287 Tallahassee 40,068 5,031 3,046 7,602 57,688 3,188 1,755 1,129 294 Panama City 25,584 2,204 1,135 3,590 36,414 1,838 1,067 579 190 represents full-time and part-time jobs. Monetary values are given in millions dollars. Total impact estimates include regional multiplier effects. Florida regions are functional economic areas defined by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Source: IMPLAN model and state/county data for Florida (IMPLAN Group LLC). 3
Glossary of Economic Impact Terms Contribution (economic) represents the gross change in economic activity associated with an industry, event, or policy in an existing regional economy. Employee compensation is comprised of wages; salaries; commissions; and benefits such as health and life insurance, retirement, and other forms of cash or non-cash compensation. is a measure of the number of jobs involved, including full-time, part-time, and seasonal positions. It is not a measure of full-time equivalents (FTE). are sales of goods to customers outside the region in which they are produced which represents a net inflow of money to the region. This also applies to sales of goods and services to customers visiting from other regions. Final demand represents sales to final consumers, including households, governments, and exports from the region. Gross Regional Product is a measure of total economic activity in a region, or total income generated by all goods and services. It equals the total value by all industries in that region, and is equivalent to Gross Domestic Product for the nation. IMPLAN is a computer-based input-output modeling system that enables users to create regional economic models and multipliers for any region consisting of one or more counties or states in the United States. The current version of the IMPLAN software, version 3, accounts for commodity production and consumption for 536 industry sectors, 10 household income levels, taxes to local/state and federal governments, capital investment, imports and exports, transfer payments, and business inventories. Regional datasets for individual counties or states are purchased separately. Impact or total impact is the net change in total regional economic activity (e.g., output or employment) resulting from a change in final demand, direct industry output, or direct employment, estimated based on regional economic multipliers. Imports are purchases of goods and services originating outside the region of analysis. Income is the money earned within the region from production and sales. Total income includes labor income such as wages, salaries, employee benefits, and business proprietor income, plus other property income. Taxes on production and imports are taxes paid to governments by individuals or businesses for property, excise, and sales taxes, but do not include income taxes. Input- (I-O) model and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) are representations of the transactions between industry sectors within a regional economy. They capture what each sector purchases from every other sector to produce that sector s output of goods or services. Using these models, flows of economic activity associated with any change in spending or employment may be traced backwards through the supply chain. Local refers to goods and services that are sourced from within the region which may be defined as a county, multi-county cluster, or state. Non-local refers to economic activity originating outside the region. 4
Margins represent the portion of the purchaser price accruing to the retailer, wholesaler, shipper, and manufacturer in the supply chain. Typically, only the retail margins of many goods purchased by consumers accrue to the local region because the wholesaler, shipper, and manufacturer often lie outside the local area. Multipliers capture the total effects, both direct and secondary, in a given region, generally as a ratio of the total change in economic activity in the region relative to the direct change. Multipliers are derived from an I-O model of the regional economy. Multipliers may be expressed as ratios of sales, income, or employment, or as ratios of total income or employment changes relative to direct sales. Multipliers express the degree of interdependency between sectors in a region s economy and therefore vary considerably across regions and sectors. A sectorspecific multiplier gives the total changes to the economy associated with a unit change in output or employment in a given sector (i.e., the direct or initial economic effect) being evaluated. Indirect effects multipliers represent the changes in sales, income, or employment within the region in backward-linked industries supplying goods and services to businesses (e.g., increased sales in input supply firms resulting from more nursery industry sales). Induced effects multipliers represent the increased sales within the region from household spending of the income earned in the direct and supporting industries for housing, utilities, food, etc. An imputed multiplier is calculated as the ratio of the total impact divided by direct effect for any given measure (e.g., output, employment). Other property income represents income received from investments, such as corporate dividends, royalties, property rentals, or interest on loans. is the dollar value of a good or service produced or sold and is equivalent to sales revenues plus changes in business inventories. Producer prices are the prices paid for goods at the factory or point of production. For manufactured goods the purchaser price equals the producer price plus a retail margin, a wholesale margin, and a transportation margin. For services, the producer and purchaser prices are equivalent. Proprietor income is income received by non-incorporated private business owners or self-employed individuals. Purchaser prices are the prices paid by the final consumer of a good or service. Region (or regional) economy is and the economic activity contained in a given geographic area for which impacts are estimated. The region may be an individual county, an aggregation of several counties, a state, or several states. These regions are sometimes defined on the basis of worker commuting patterns. Sectors are individual industries or groups of industries that produce similar products or services, or that have similar production processes. Sectors are classified according to the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). is a broad measure of income, representing the sum of employee compensation, proprietor income, other property income, indirect business taxes, and capital consumption (depreciation). is a commonly used measure of the contribution of an industry to a regional economy because it avoids double counting of intermediate sales. 5
Introduction Agriculture, natural resources, and food industries represent a broad set of economic activities generating employment and income, and producing goods and services that contribute to the economic growth and development of Florida and the United States. Florida has approximately 24 million acres (36,000 square miles) of forests, croplands, and ranches, occupying about two-thirds of the state s land area. The state has a sub-tropical climate that enables production of an immense variety of food, fiber, and mineral commodities. The unrefined commodities are converted into finished products by the food and kindred product manufacturing industries, and finished goods then move through the wholesale and retail distribution chain to final consumers or to other industry sectors as intermediate goods for further value processing. These industries are also linked to a broad array of allied suppliers that provide production inputs and supporting services. In addition, farmlands, timberlands, and other undeveloped natural lands provide an array of opportunities for nature-based recreation and ecotourism. The chain of agricultural and related food industry activities encompasses farm-to-table and beyond. The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic contributions or impacts of agricultural and other natural resources-based activities to the state of Florida. Economic impact analysis assesses the effect of a new or present activity, industry, or event on the overall economy of a region such as a state, county, or city. Any activity that generates payments has an effect on other parts of a given economy. Any expenditure by one entity becomes income to another entity. As an analogy, a stone thrown into a lake generates waves that spread out in all directions. In economic impact analysis, these secondary effects are measured through economic multipliers for each type of activity (industry sector) obtained from regional economic models. Assessment of the economic contributions of specific industries to the economy of Florida is important to making informed public policy decisions regarding economic and community development, job creation, environmental regulation, labor and human resources, and taxation, among other issues. This report provides estimates of the economic contributions to the state of Florida in 2014 by a set of broadly defined industries comprising agriculture, natural resources, and related food and kindred product manufacturing and distribution activities. It updates and continues a series of previous annual studies completed for years 2006 through 2013 (Hodges, Rahmani, and Stevens 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011; Hodges and Rahmani 2010, 2009; Hodges, Rahmani, and Mulkey 2008). 6
Methods Data for this analysis were obtained from the IMPLAN model and Florida state/county databases for the 2001-14 period licensed from IMPLAN Group LLC. The IMPLAN data were derived from the National Income and Product Accounts for the United States (U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis), the Quarterly Census of and Wages (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics), and other sources. IMPLAN characterizes more than 500 industry sectors. More than 110 IMPLAN sectors were identified as related to the agriculture, natural resources, and food industries for basic commodity production, allied input supply and supporting services, food and kindred product manufacturing, forest product manufacturing, food and kindred product distribution, and nature-based recreation. Note that some industry sectors in this analysis were reclassified from their original major industry group designation under the North American Classification System (NAICS) to be included as part of the broadly defined agriculture and food-related industries. The rationale for including processing or manufacturing industries in this analysis is that they share a common dependence on the agricultural and natural resource base, and would not exist in the state if not for the basic production activities. Food and kindred product distribution sectors, such as wholesalers, food stores, and restaurants, although not strictly dependent on Florida s agricultural production and natural resources, were also included in the analysis because they are the endpoint of the market chain for the delivery of agricultural and food products to consumers. Economic contribution information was also re-grouped for several recognizable commodity groups that have strong linkages between agricultural production and processing/manufacturing sectors, as reflected in many vertically integrated firms or long-term supply contracts. These commodity groups included environmental horticulture (nursery and greenhouse production, landscape services, and retail garden centers); fishing and seafood products; forestry, logging, and forest product manufacturing; production and processing of fruits and vegetables; production and processing of grains and oilseeds; livestock production and animal products manufacturing; and, sugarcane farming and refined sugar manufacturing, The total regional economic impacts for the agriculture, natural resources, and food industry sectors were estimated using models developed with the IMPLAN software for social accounting and impact analysis (IMPLAN Group, LLC). This system enables construction of input-output models and social accounting matrices that represent the structure of a regional economy in terms of transactions among industry sectors, households, and governments. Regional economic models were developed for the state of Florida and for all 67 counties in the state using the IMPLAN software and Florida state-county data package for 2014. Models were constructed with econometrically estimated regional purchase coefficients representing the share of commodities purchased from local sources. Also, social-institutional accounts for households, local-state-federal governments, corporations, and capital investment were treated as endogenous within the models. 7
The IMPLAN model includes accounts for industrial and commodity production, employment, labor and property income, household and institutional consumption, domestic and international trade (imports, exports), government taxes, transfer payments (such as welfare and retirement), and capital investment. Economic multipliers are calculated for each industry to estimate the secondary effects of new demand that generates further economic activity as it is re-spent in the local economy (Miller and Blair 2009). Indirect effects multipliers represent the economic activity generated within specific supply chains through the purchase of intermediate inputs from vendor firms. Induced effects multipliers represent the impacts of spending by households of industry employees and by federal, state, and local government entities. The indirect and induced multipliers were applied only to foreign and domestic exports or to sales to visitors from outside the state of Florida which represent new money flowing into the regional economy, while direct effects multipliers only were applied to the outputs sold to instate markets. The total economic impacts were calculated as the sum of direct, indirect, and induced effects. Therefore, while the estimates of this analysis are referred to as economic impacts, these values may be better understood as economic contributions because they represent the ongoing economic activity of existing industries, rather than a net change in activity resulting from external influences (Watson et al. 2007). Different measures of economic impacts reported here include industry output or revenue (sales), employment (full-time and part-time or seasonal positions), value, labor income, other property income, and tax on production and imports. is a broad measure of net economic activity that is comparable to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and represents the sum of labor and other property income, taxes on production and imports, and capital consumption (depreciation). It is important to highlight the fact that estimating economic impacts on the basis of industry sales double-counts the sales from one level of the market chain to the next (e.g., sales of citrus juice products by processors includes the value of citrus fruit purchased from growers). Economic impact assessments based on value does not double-count because the value of intermediate inputs purchased from other sectors is netted-out. The glossary of economic impact analysis terminology explains these terms in detail. Information on economic contributions was developed for the state of Florida, nine multi-county regions, and 67 individual counties. The multi-county regions encompass one or more core urban areas and adjacent nonmetropolitan counties that are economically linked by employee commuting patterns and media markets as defined by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (Johnson and Kort 2004). It should be noted that some counties in north Florida that are part of economic areas in Georgia were regrouped with Florida regions for this analysis. Due to differences in trade flows and accounting adjustments at the state and county levels, slight discrepancies in regional results were reconciled by forcing county and regional estimates to match with state totals. For some industry activities that did not fit into a single IMPLAN industry sector, values were estimated as a share of their parent sector based on data from the 2007 Economic Census (U.S. Commerce Department) and 8
employment data from the Quarterly Census of and Wages (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics): wholesale food distribution was 24 percent of wholesale trade; pest control services were 17 percent of services to buildings; retail lawn-and-garden centers were 12 percent of building materials and garden equipment and supplies; golf courses and recreational fishing were 45 percent and 1 percent, respectively, of other amusement and recreation industries. Reported employment figures represent all full-time, part-time, and temporary or seasonal jobs, rather than fulltime equivalent employees. All monetary values were expressed in 2014 U.S. dollars using the mid-year (July) indices for the GDP Implicit Price Deflator which accounts for the effects of price changes in the measurement of GDP (U.S. Commerce Department). Note that IMPLAN data were not available for 2005. The IMPLAN industry sectoring scheme was revised in 2007 and 2013 and, as a result, some industries were regrouped to evaluate trends over the entire period. Also note that previous results for 2001 to 2013 were revised, so findings presented here do not match with those previously reported (Hodges, Rahmani, and Stevens 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011; Hodges and Rahmani 2010, 2009; Hodges, Rahmani, and Mulkey 2008). 9
Results Economic Contributions by Groups and Sectors Economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida for 2014 are summarized in Table 1 and Figures 1 4. The industries are categorized in seven major groups: 1) crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries production; 2) agricultural inputs and services; 3) food and kindred products manufacturing; 4) forest products manufacturing; 5) food and kindred products distribution; 6) mining; and 7) nature-based recreation. Results are reported below for each industry group and individual industry sector. industry output or sales revenues for agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in 2014 were $155.15 billion, and output impacts, including multiplier effects, were $243.89 billion. Foreign and domestic exports of goods and services outside of Florida totaled $59.61 billion. employment in these industries was 1.565 million full-time and part-time jobs, and total employment impacts (including multiplier effects) were estimated at 2.210 million jobs. The direct value was $75.98 billion, and the total value contribution to GDP was $127.34 billion. Total labor income impacts (employee wages, benefits, and business proprietor income) were $77.19 billion. Total other property income impacts, such as rents, interest, royalties and dividends, amounted to $37.28 billion. The total impact of taxes on production and imports paid to local, state, and federal governments was $12.87 billion (Table 1). Figure 1. Structure of economic activity in agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida, 2014 10
Crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries production includes sectors for the production of basic unrefined food and fiber commodities. In 2014, direct output of these sectors was $11.04 billion, exports were $7.19 billion, and total output impacts were $22.38 billion (Table 1, Figure 2). employment was 126,716 jobs and total employment impacts were 214,299 jobs (Table 1, Figure 3). value for this industry group was $8.08 billion and total value impacts were $14.78 billion (Table 1, Figure 4), labor income impacts were $8.26 billion, other property income impacts were $5.80 billion, and taxes on production and imports impacts were $719 million. Among individual industry sectors in this group, those with the highest total value impacts were greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production ($2.91 billion); fruit farming [includes citrus, blueberries, strawberries, tropical fruits] ($2.56 billion); support activities for agriculture and forestry ($2.47 billion); vegetable and melon farming ($2.02 billion); and sugarcane farming ($703 million). The sectors with the highest total employment impacts were support activities for agriculture and forestry (45,519 jobs); fruit farming (42,028 jobs); greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production (35,357 jobs); vegetable and melon farming (20,393 jobs); and commercial fishing (12,254 jobs). Large value and employment impacts were also generated by the sectors for commercial fishing ($735 million; 12,254 jobs), dairy cattle and milk production ($662 million; 5,827 jobs), commercial logging ($353 million; 5,115 jobs), poultry and egg production ($332 million; 2,511 jobs), animal production [except cattle and poultry and eggs] ($313 million; 5,652 jobs), forestry and timber tracts production ($211 million; 3,284 jobs) and all other crop farming ($207 million; 5,492 jobs). In addition, value impacts of more than $100 million were observed for cotton farming, and commercial hunting and trapping. Agricultural inputs and services includes a variety of sectors providing inputs or supporting services for agricultural operations, including landscape management. Sales revenues in 2014 to this group were $18.16 billion, and included export sales of $10.81 billion, resulting in total output impacts of $32.10 billion (Table 1, Figure 2). employment was 174,998 jobs and total employment impacts came to 269,421 jobs (Table 1, Figure 3). value for this industry group was $6.90 billion and total value impacts were $14.71 billion (Table 1, Figure 4). Total labor income impacts were $9.51 billion, total other property income impacts were $4.25 billion, and total taxes on production and imports impacts were $958 million. The leading sector in this group was landscape and horticultural services, with total value impacts of $5.46 billion and total employment impacts of 136,560 jobs, followed by phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing ($5.78 billion; 54,287 jobs), pest control services ($1.21 billion; 43,084 jobs), and veterinary services ($1.56 billion; 28,702 jobs). Other minor sectors in this group included fertilizer mixing, nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing, pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing, and farm machinery and equipment manufacturing. Food and kindred products manufacturing is a large industry group with 45 individual sectors that are primarily engaged in converting unrefined agricultural commodities into food products for final consumption or 11
use. In 2014, this industry group had direct output of $26.37 billion, exports of $10.34 billion, and output impacts of $38.90 billion. employment was 59,504 jobs and total employment impacts were 144,384 jobs. The industry group had direct value of $5.93 billion, total value impacts of $13.01 billion, labor income impacts of $7.07 billion, other property income impacts of $4.71 billion, and business tax impacts of $1.22 billion (Table 1, Figures 2 4). Among individual sectors, the highest value and employment impacts were for bottled and canned soft drinks and water ($3.59 billion; 39,166 jobs); bread and bakery product, except frozen, manufacturing ($974 million; 22,068 jobs); frozen fruits, juices, and vegetables manufacturing ($1.07 billion; 12,757 jobs); tobacco product manufacturing ($1.41 billion; 2,154 jobs); sugarcane mills and refining ($784 million; 7,829 jobs); breweries ($1.05 billion; 9,612 jobs); distilleries ($523 million; 4,316 jobs); and canned fruits and vegetables manufacturing ($571 million; 6,300 jobs). Other sectors with significant value impacts included other animal food manufacturing ($555 million), all other food manufacturing ($316 million), flour milling ($169 million), coffee and tea manufacturing ($212 million), fluid milk manufacturing ($138 million), and seafood product preparation and packaging ($138 million). Forest products manufacturing is a group of industries that processes raw timber or wood into finished wood and paper products. In 2014, this industry group had direct output valued at $8.25 billion, exports of $5.67 billion, and total output impacts of $15.14 billion. This group had direct employment of 21,168 jobs which led to total employment impacts of 69,222 jobs. It generated direct value of $2.12 billion, total value impacts of $6.02 billion, total labor income impacts of $3.62 billion, total other property income impacts of $1.98 billion, and total impacts from taxes on production and imports of $424 million (Table 1, Figures 2 4). Leading sectors within this group in terms of value and employment impacts were paperboard container manufacturing ($1.06 billion; 12,654 jobs), sanitary paper products manufacturing ($1.00 billion; 9,127 jobs), pulp mills ($935 million; 9,790 jobs), and paperboard mills ($709 million; 7,616 jobs). Other sectors with significant value impacts included pulp mills ($555 Million); engineered wood member and truss manufacturing ($418 million); paper bag, coated and treated paper manufacturing ($285 million); stationary product manufacturing ($272 million); and sawmills ($188 million). Mining is a natural resource-based activity for the extraction of basic mineral commodities such as oil, natural gas, stone, sand, gravel, clay, phosphate, and a variety of metals. In 2014, the mining industries in Florida collectively had direct output of $6.93 billion, exports of $3.40 billion, and total output impacts of $11.41 billion. This industry group had direct employment of 27,156 jobs, total employment impacts of 58,313 jobs, direct value of $1.53 billion, total value impacts of $3.99 billion, labor income impacts of $2.16 billion, other property income impacts of $1.50 billion, and taxes on production and imports impacts of $328 million (Table 1, Figures 2 4). The largest individual sector in terms of employment was extraction of natural gas and crude petroleum which generated total employment impacts of 22,562 jobs and value impacts of $531 million. 12
Other individual sectors with significant total value and employment impacts included phosphate rock mining ($1.30 billion; 10,995 jobs), stone mining and quarrying ($684 million; 6,374 jobs), and sand and gravel mining ($511 million; 5,389 jobs). Other minor sectors in this industry group were drilling oil and gas wells, support activities for oil and gas operations, other nonmetallic minerals, and other metal ore mining. Nature-based recreation includes recreational activities generally tied to natural resources or managed landscapes such as golf and recreational fishing. In 2014, this industry group in Florida had a direct output of $1.70 billion; exports or sales to Florida visitors of $937 million, total output impacts of $3.36 billion, direct employment of 26,096 jobs, total employment impacts of 38,653 jobs, direct value of $972 million, total value impacts of $1.95 billion, labor income impacts of $1.26 billion, other property income impacts of $572 million, and taxes on production and imports impacts of $117 million (Table 1, Figures 2 4). Golf courses were the dominant sector in this group, with total value impacts of $1.95 billion and employment impacts of 38,566 jobs. Note that these estimates do not include recreational use of public beaches in Florida. Food and kindred products distribution includes activities for wholesale and retail trade in agricultural, food, and related products. This group of industry sectors is only indirectly related to agriculture and natural resources because it serves to deliver products to final consumers, but it is included here for a perspective on the scope of the complex market chain for food and kindred products. In 2014, this industry group in Florida had a direct output of $82.69 billion, exports of $21.26 billion, and total output impacts of $120.60 billion. It generated direct employment of 1,129,529 jobs, total employment impacts of 1,416,299 jobs, direct value of $50.44 billion, total value impacts of $72.88 billion, total labor income impacts of $45.31 billion, other property income impacts of $18.47 billion, and taxes on production and imports impacts of $9.09 billion (Table 1, Figures 2 4). Collectively, this group represented about 57 percent of total value impacts and 64 percent of total employment impacts for all industries included in this report. Among individual sectors within this group, limited service restaurants had the greatest value impacts ($19.99 billion), followed by wholesale trade in food and kindred products ($19.76 billion), full service restaurants ($17.18 billion), and retail food and beverage stores ($10.39 billion). The largest employment impacts were generated by full service restaurants (486,661 jobs), limited service restaurants (386,420 jobs), and retail food and beverage stores (223,156 jobs). Excluding sectors for food and kindred products distribution, the total economic values for all other agriculture, natural resources and related food industries were $72.46 billion in direct output, exports of $38.35 billion, output impacts of $123.29 billion, direct employment of 435,637 jobs, total employment impacts of 794,291 jobs, value impacts of $54.46 billion, labor income impacts of $31.88 billion, other property income impacts of $18.81 billion, and business tax impacts of $3.77 billion (Table 1). 13
Figure 2. contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups, Florida, 2014 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida (IMPLAN Group, LLC). Figure 3. contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups, Florida, 2014 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida (IMPLAN Group, LLC). 14
Figure 4. GDP contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups, Florida, 2014 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida (IMPLAN Group, LLC). Estimates include regional multiplier effects. Table 1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups and sectors, Florida, 2014 Group / Sector Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Support activities for agriculture and forestry (Revenue) Domestic and Full-time and Part-time Jobs Labor Income Other Property Income Business Tax - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Million Dollars - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 126,716 214,299 11,040 22,380 7,192 14,776 8,256 5,801 719 28,946 45,519 1,515 3,731 1,376 2,472 1,528 816 127 Fruit farming 28,057 42,028 1,661 3,466 1,080 2,556 1,465 981 111 Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production Beef cattle farming [feedlots/dualpurpose ranching/farming] 18,394 35,357 2,007 4,207 1,320 2,914 1,747 1,052 116 12,779 19,743 1,041 1,871 550 982 415 481 85 Vegetable and melon farming 10,038 20,393 1,459 2,803 825 2,017 1,119 823 76 Commercial fishing 6,979 12,254 448 1,143 448 735 358 307 70 Animal production [except cattle, poultry, and eggs] 5,450 5,652 351 378 17 313 128 179 7 All other crop farming 4,046 5,492 141 327 120 207 118 79 10 Commercial logging 3,326 5,115 356 588 167 353 220 114 19 Sugarcane and sugar beet farming 2,868 7,593 498 1,108 383 703 397 273 32 Dairy cattle and milk production 2,228 5,827 704 1,174 359 662 312 321 29 Forestry, forest products, and timber tract production 1,338 3,284 141 361 141 211 141 57 13 Poultry and egg production 1,049 2,511 504 709 205 332 144 177 11 Cotton farming 442 1,455 83 213 83 134 82 45 7 Commercial hunting and trapping 441 1,148 70 163 61 114 47 61 7 15
Table 1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups and sectors, Florida, 2014 Group / Sector (Revenue) Domestic and Full-time and Part-time Jobs Labor Income Other Property Income Business Tax - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Million Dollars - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grain farming 184 516 38 81 38 30 16 17-3 Tree nut farming 102 198 9 22 7 16 9 6 1 Oilseed farming 31 176 13 32 13 21 9 11 1 Tobacco farming 17 38 2 4 2 3 2 1 0 Agricultural Inputs & Services 174,998 269,421 18,164 32,097 10,809 14,714 9,508 4,248 958 Landscape and horticultural services 109,448 136,560 5,290 8,910 2,186 5,460 4,016 1,225 220 Pest control services 36,786 43,084 1,203 2,023 460 1,208 973 185 50 Veterinary services 23,184 28,702 2,230 2,971 436 1,564 1,191 297 76 Phosphatic fertilizer manufacturing 3,063 54,287 7,497 15,569 7,112 5,783 2,943 2,299 541 Fertilizer mixing 1,334 1,334 823 823 0 198 110 72 16 Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing 372 735 202 254 56 55 35 15 6 Nitrogenous fertilizer manufacturing 351 2,201 505 798 293 217 113 77 28 Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Bread and bakery product [except frozen] manufacturing Bottled and canned soft drinks & water 248 406 120 145 30 24 16 6 2 212 2,110 293 603 238 205 113 73 19 59,504 144,385 26,372 38,905 10,344 13,011 7,072 4,715 1,224 21,639 22,068 2,444 2,503 41 974 705 139 130 6,616 39,166 5,080 10,048 4,267 3,595 2,087 1,227 280 All other food manufacturing 3,383 5,369 1,041 1,311 203 316 223 77 15 Canned fruits and vegetables manufacturing Frozen fruits, juices and vegetables manufacturing Seafood product preparation and packaging 3,280 6,300 1,734 2,166 381 571 392 153 26 2,436 12,757 1,093 2,538 995 1,072 661 329 82 2,112 2,410 649 688 37 138 98 36 4 Poultry processing 1,613 1,863 457 497 40 90 68 19 2 Fluid milk manufacturing 1,448 1,501 1,090 1,098 6 138 88 47 3 Breweries 1,348 9,612 1,202 2,406 939 1,055 539 378 137 Cookie and cracker manufacturing 1,321 1,380 429 438 7 111 70 39 2 Tobacco product manufacturing 1,268 2,154 3,273 3,409 90 1,406 159 1,020 226 Coffee and tea manufacturing 1,100 2,608 612 799 129 212 128 74 10 Frozen cakes and other pastries manufacturing Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing 1,032 1,195 145 168 17 57 36 12 9 993 1,042 345 353 6 73 45 27 1 Meat processed from carcasses 990 1,177 458 479 17 63 45 15 4 Spice and extract manufacturing 968 1,141 501 525 20 94 64 27 3 Sugar cane mills and refining 947 7,829 978 2,024 705 784 441 295 48 Other animal food manufacturing 771 6,285 1,042 1,896 970 555 323 184 48 Other snack food manufacturing 749 856 505 521 13 120 44 75 2 Frozen specialties manufacturing 673 1,824 213 385 178 127 83 34 10 Animal [except poultry] slaughtering 518 1,295 299 380 50 78 42 31 6 Non-chocolate confectionery manufacturing 498 1,033 168 250 70 72 45 23 5 16
Table 1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups and sectors, Florida, 2014 Group / Sector Mayonnaise, dressing, and sauce manufacturing (Revenue) Domestic and Full-time and Part-time Jobs Labor Income Other Property Income Business Tax - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Million Dollars - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 470 752 280 323 43 73 41 29 3 Distilleries 440 4,316 466 997 378 523 231 172 120 Confectionery manufacturing from purchased chocolate 439 865 125 191 56 57 35 18 4 Manufactured ice 369 803 42 103 34 39 40-5 4 Wineries 363 1,010 95 186 56 76 52 19 6 Rendering and meat byproduct processing 276 431 158 181 17 29 21 6 2 Roasted nuts and peanut butter manufacturing Dry pasta, mixes, and dough manufacturing 184 256 104 115 9 27 10 16 1 177 228 81 89 7 18 9 8 1 Flour milling 155 1,732 245 483 193 169 98 57 14 Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing Chocolate and confectionery manufacturing [cacao beans] 151 195 318 324 7 65 10 54 1 141 313 83 108 21 23 12 9 2 Tortilla manufacturing 131 131 25 25 0 7 5 2 0 Dehydrated food products manufacturing 129 442 49 97 40 31 20 9 2 Dog and cat food manufacturing 100 335 114 150 44 27 14 11 2 Fats and oils refining and blending 63 376 121 170 87 32 19 10 3 Cheese manufacturing 57 79 54 57 3 7 4 2 0 Canned specialties 56 431 46 104 46 35 21 11 3 Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy product manufacturing 26 152 41 61 18 13 8 5 1 Rice milling 21 107 19 32 14 8 5 3 1 Malt manufacturing 20 204 32 60 29 18 11 6 2 Soybean and other oilseed processing 15 300 75 119 59 27 16 8 3 Creamery butter manufacturing 13 35 20 23 3 3 2 1 0 Wet corn milling 8 27 21 24 2 4 2 2 0 Forest Products Manufacturing 21,168 69,222 8,253 15,136 5,667 6,023 3,620 1,978 424 Engineered wood member and truss manufacturing 3,325 6,608 597 1,070 300 418 304 80 34 Paperboard container manufacturing 2,933 12,654 1,313 2,660 1,313 1,064 683 288 92 Sanitary paper product manufacturing 1,844 9,127 1,550 2,602 1,062 1,005 494 455 56 Sawmills 1,815 2,590 515 620 57 188 126 55 7 Wood container & pallet manufacturing 1,783 1,875 238 251 9 93 68 24 1 Other millwork, including flooring 1,709 1,786 328 339 7 129 82 44 3 Paper mills 1,179 9,790 951 2,213 951 935 544 311 80 Wood windows & door manufacturing 1,166 1,194 234 238 3 79 52 24 2 All other miscellaneous wood product manufacturing Paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing 995 1,262 188 225 23 95 53 40 2 827 3,280 374 733 362 285 174 90 21 Stationery product manufacturing 790 3,108 298 625 293 272 170 84 18 Pulp mills 779 6,129 536 1,300 536 555 342 173 41 Paperboard mills 747 7,616 647 1,644 644 709 418 235 56 17
Table 1. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industry groups and sectors, Florida, 2014 Group / Sector (Revenue) Domestic and Full-time and Part-time Jobs Labor Income Other Property Income Business Tax - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Million Dollars - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wood preservation 399 527 197 216 13 56 25 30 2 Veneer and plywood manufacturing 371 442 105 115 6 33 23 8 3 All other converted paper product manufacturing Cut stock, re-sawing & planing lumber Reconstituted wood product manufacturing 251 931 82 179 82 75 48 22 5 136 143 32 33 1 11 5 6 0 121 158 66 72 5 21 9 10 2 Mining 27,156 58,313 6,929 11,407 3,398 3,986 2,161 1,496 328 Extraction of natural gas and crude petroleum 16,253 22,562 2,699 3,694 1,018 531 539-59 51 Drilling oil and gas wells 2,458 2,458 480 480 0 25 46-29 7 Sand and gravel mining 1,562 5,389 391 931 362 511 238 240 33 Stone mining and quarrying 1,457 6,374 447 1,114 447 684 302 344 38 Phosphate rock mining 1,243 10,995 921 2,289 921 1,300 591 628 81 Support activities for oil and gas operations 1,103 1,196 114 127 7 54 41 6 7 Extraction of natural gas liquids 1,010 1,010 837 837 0-43 20-69 6 Coal mining 578 893 305 350 40 76 21 14 41 Other nonmetallic minerals 368 1,028 64 153 55 84 45 34 5 Other metal ore mining 345 3,702 428 915 348 510 184 289 37 Other clay, ceramic, refractory minerals mining 201 1,170 91 221 84 143 69 67 7 Other nonmetallic minerals services 181 410 20 51 18 27 19 6 3 Iron ore mining 166 610 69 140 69 47 26 13 8 Gold ore mining 114 123 37 38 1 7 4 2 2 Potash, soda, and borate mineral mining 66 268 21 51 21 22 11 8 2 Metal mining services 37 95 5 13 5 7 5 2 1 Other chemical and fertilizer mineral mining Food & Kindred Products Distribution 15 29 2 4 1 2 1 1 0 1,129,529 1,416,299 82,690 120,605 21,258 72,882 45,314 18,472 9,095 Full-service restaurants 403,253 486,661 18,745 29,896 6,380 17,177 13,695 1,698 1,785 Limited-service restaurants 304,021 368,420 25,551 34,199 5,275 19,991 9,134 8,852 2,006 Retail food and beverage stores 194,860 223,156 12,375 16,088 1,954 10,393 6,777 2,244 1,372 All other food and drinking places 141,309 154,201 6,317 8,014 967 5,087 4,516-163 734 Wholesale trade, food, and kindred products 79,511 176,200 19,088 31,651 6,607 19,758 10,893 5,738 3,126 Retail lawn and garden centers 6,575 7,662 614 756 74 475 300 103 73 Nature-based Recreation 26,096 38,653 1,703 3,364 936 1,951 1,262 572 117 Golf courses 26,037 38,566 1,699 3,357 934 1,946 1,259 570 117 Recreational fishing & hunting guides 59 87 4 8 2 4 3 1 0 Grand Total 1,565,167 2,210,591 155,152 243,894 59,606 127,342 77,194 37,283 12,866 Total Excluding Food & Kindred Products Distribution 435,637 794,291 72,461 123,289 38,348 54,461 31,880 18,810 3,771 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida (IMPLAN Group, LLC). Total impact estimates include regional multiplier effects. 18
Economic Contributions by Agricultural Commodity Groups In addition to the industry groups noted above, information on economic contributions was reorganized to evaluate groups of food and fiber commodities having identifiable market-chain linkages between producers, manufacturers, and service sectors. In this section, some sectors are regrouped to reflect these linkages, with results summarized in Figures 5 and 6. Environmental horticulture which includes the sectors greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production; landscape services; and retail lawn and garden centers had combined output impacts of $13.87 billion, value impacts of $8.85 billion, and employment impacts of 179,580 jobs. Fruit and vegetable farming and processing, including sectors for fruit farming; vegetable and melon farming; canned fruits and vegetables manufacturing; and frozen fruits, juices and vegetables manufacturing, had output impacts of $10.97 billion, value impacts of $6.22 billion, and employment impacts of 81,477 jobs. Livestock farming and animal products manufacturing, including dairy cattle and milk production; beef cattle ranching and farming; poultry and egg production; animal production, except cattle and poultry; poultry processing; fluid milk manufacturing; cheese manufacturing; and ice cream and frozen desert manufacturing, had output impacts of $7.26 billion, value impacts of $2.78 billion, and employment impacts of 41,309 jobs. Forestry and forest products manufacturing which includes 20 sectors had combined output impacts of $16.08 billion, value impacts of $6.59 billion, and employment impacts of 77,621 jobs. Sugarcane farming and refined sugar and confections had output impacts of $3.68 billion, value impacts of $1.64 billion, and employment impacts of 17,633 jobs. Fishing and seafood products had output impacts of $1.83 billion, value impacts of $872 million, and employment impacts of 14,663 jobs. Grain and oilseed farming and processing had output impacts of $999 million, value impacts of $310 million, and employment impact of 3,439 jobs. 19
Figure 5. contributions of agricultural commodity groups, Florida, 2014 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. Figure 6. contributions of agricultural commodity groups, Florida, 2014 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. 20
Economic Contributions in Florida Regions and Counties Regional economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in 2014 were evaluated for all 67 Florida counties and 9 multi-county economic areas (Figure 7), with results summarized in Tables 2 and 3, and Figures 8 11. and employment impacts were highest in the Miami-Ft. Lauderdale region ($40.91 billion; 684,957 jobs), followed by Orlando ($34.50 billion; 605,925 jobs), Tampa-St. Petersburg ($18.50 billion; 308,812 jobs), Sarasota-Bradenton ($11.34 billion; 224,751 jobs), Jacksonville ($10.36 billion; 156,512 jobs), Pensacola ($3.48 billion; 76,410 jobs), Gainesville ($3.23 billion; 59,123 jobs), Tallahassee ($3.19 billion; 57,688 jobs), and Panama City ($1.84 billion; 36,414 jobs). Among individual Florida counties, the eight largest in terms of value and employment impacts in 2014 were Miami-Dade (260,020 jobs; $16.10 billion), Orange (193,688 jobs; $11.89 billion), Hillsborough; (184,652 jobs; $12.79 billion), Palm Beach (167,087 jobs; $10.29 billion), Broward (176,749 jobs; $9.65 billion), Polk (113,641 jobs; $8.18 billion), Duval (120,641 jobs; $8.22 billion), Pinellas (85,243 jobs; $4.10 billion), and Lee (72,916 jobs; $3.58 billion). An additional 21 counties had total value impacts exceeding $1 billion in 2014, including Collier ($2.59 billion), Seminole ($2.33 billion), Manatee ($2.31 billion), Sarasota ($1.89 billion), Volusia ($1.81 billion), Brevard ($1.76 billion), Escambia ($1.64 billion), Marion ($1.40 billion), Lake ($1.32 billion), Martin ($1.26 billion), St. Lucie ($1.23 billion), Bay ($1.23 billion), Leon ($1.22 billion), Alachua ($1.21 billion), Pasco ($1.11 billion), Osceola ($1.10 billion), St. Johns ($1.07 billion), Indian River ($1.04 billion), and Okaloosa ($1.01 billion). Some 28 counties had employment impacts of 10,000 jobs or greater. Thematic maps of the value (GDP) and employment contributions for Florida counties are shown in Figures 10 and 11, respectively. Note that although the economic contributions of agriculture and related industries may be smaller in absolute terms in many of the rural counties in the northern part of the state and the interior of the Florida peninsula, their contributions may be more important in relative terms because these industries represent a higher share of total economic activity. Additional detailed information on economic contributions of specific industries in individual Florida counties is provided in the Appendix. 21
Figure 7. Map of Florida economic regions Adapted from U.S. Commerce Department, Bureau of Economic Analysis (Johnson and Kort 2004). 22
Miami-Fort Lauderdale Orlando Tampa-St. Petersburg Sarasota-Bradenton Jacksonville Pensacola Gainesville Tallahassee Panama City Miami-Fort Lauderdale Orlando Tampa-St. Petersburg Sarasota-Bradenton Jacksonville Pensacola Gainesville Tallahassee Panama City FE993 Full Report for 2014 Contributions (Thousand Jobs) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Nature-based Recreation Food & Kindred Products Distribution Forest Products Manufacturing Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Mining Agricultural Inputs & Services Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Figure 8. contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida regions, 2014 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. GDP Contributions (Billion Dollars) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Nature-based Recreation Food & Kindred Products Distribution Forest Products Manufacturing Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Mining Agricultural Inputs & Services Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Figure 9. GDP contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida regions, 2014 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. 23
Figure 10. Map of GDP contributions, agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida counties, 2014 s given in million dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN county data and MapPoint software. Figure 11. Map of employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida counties, 2014 Estimates represent full-time and part-time jobs, and include regional multiplier effects. 24
Table 2. Summary of economic contributions of agriculture, natural resources and food industries, Florida regions and counties, 2014 Region-County Foreign and Domestic Labor Income Other Property Income Business Tax Miami-Fort Lauderdale 490,537 46,491 19,810 73,076 684,957 40,913 25,772 11,175 4,080 Miami-Dade 184,922 18,436 7,829 28,671 260,020 16,105 10,246 4,240 1,686 Broward 133,868 11,602 3,969 17,291 176,749 9,655 6,102 2,431 1,129 Palm Beach 118,316 11,167 4,872 18,254 167,087 10,288 6,500 2,931 887 Martin 16,403 1,471 741 2,425 23,778 1,261 733 410 118 Monroe 12,640 1,032 571 1,653 17,446 888 573 238 84 Indian River 12,506 1,077 522 1,765 17,444 1,040 653 312 77 Hendry 6,893 754 594 1,420 12,775 834 557 234 45 Okeechobee 3,901 782 582 1,335 7,871 673 347 280 45 Glades 1,087 169 128 263 1,786 169 61 98 8 Orlando 419,850 42,596 20,822 67,973 605,925 34,497 20,348 10,671 3,501 Orange 134,713 12,637 6,917 21,062 193,688 11,890 7,129 3,675 1,122 Polk 51,291 10,996 7,198 19,791 113,641 8,180 4,533 2,827 807 Brevard 35,425 2,488 495 3,232 41,313 1,764 1,091 455 210 Volusia 34,888 2,411 585 3,342 42,523 1,813 1,142 457 209 Seminole 32,295 2,820 978 4,230 42,690 2,333 1,427 638 262 Marion 23,630 1,996 794 2,742 30,005 1,398 826 422 141 Lake 22,531 1,971 764 2,867 30,187 1,319 844 341 130 Osceola 18,326 1,432 609 2,075 23,324 1,102 648 328 198 St Lucie 17,041 1,619 551 2,366 22,844 1,231 698 401 123 St Johns 16,260 1,410 561 2,014 20,813 1,073 686 267 108 Highlands 8,510 719 392 1,243 12,694 728 411 261 55 Citrus 7,300 480 125 633 8,638 339 202 96 38 Sumter 7,295 622 251 802 8,625 388 242 109 35 Flagler 5,619 355 90 446 6,371 261 166 68 26 Hardee 4,727 639 513 1,129 8,568 676 304 327 38 Tampa-St. Petersburg 215,375 22,560 10,518 35,972 308,812 18,498 11,248 5,330 1,930 Hillsborough 113,124 14,696 8,443 25,249 184,652 12,790 7,670 3,899 1,242 Pinellas 68,858 5,348 1,419 7,531 85,243 4,103 2,610 1,005 490 Pasco 23,268 1,760 422 2,193 26,741 1,108 687 274 140 Hernando 10,125 756 235 999 12,175 497 282 153 58 Sarasota-Bradenton 171,076 13,918 5,051 21,006 224,751 11,342 7,350 2,904 1,080 Lee 56,243 4,108 1,522 6,298 72,916 3,584 2,305 922 362 Collier 36,126 3,054 1,046 4,703 47,981 2,589 1,735 641 214 Sarasota 32,894 2,299 677 3,433 41,552 1,891 1,268 409 203 Manatee 31,227 3,298 1,301 4,846 43,276 2,312 1,487 608 218 Charlotte 10,653 686 176 917 12,684 500 325 116 56 De Soto 3,933 473 328 808 6,342 466 229 208 26 25
Region-County Foreign and Domestic Labor Income Other Property Income Business Tax Jacksonville 101,536 13,251 7,361 21,110 156,512 10,359 5,704 3,506 1,111 Duval 78,056 10,297 5,912 16,497 120,641 8,225 4,539 2,758 909 Clay 11,175 760 142 972 13,110 505 287 136 74 Nassau 6,467 893 595 1,672 12,179 778 467 238 71 Putnam 4,675 1,220 689 1,863 9,167 791 384 348 49 Baker 1,164 81 23 106 1,415 60 27 26 7 Pensacola 58,360 4,405 1,909 6,770 76,410 3,481 2,204 812 394 Escambia 23,569 1,926 803 3,117 32,572 1,642 991 469 188 Okaloosa 18,618 1,216 541 1,813 23,159 1,015 645 269 108 Santa Rosa 8,707 673 188 910 10,510 329 264-68 50 Walton 7,467 590 377 929 10,169 494 304 142 48 Gainesville 42,781 4,696 2,540 6,795 59,123 3,227 1,745 1,178 287 Alachua 23,936 1,610 475 2,277 29,594 1,213 764 310 139 Suwannee 5,024 1,168 791 1,595 7,909 589 280 266 37 Columbia 4,622 623 357 945 7,062 405 222 139 41 Levy 3,088 256 148 379 4,175 215 119 79 17 Bradford 2,124 430 340 731 4,431 381 139 206 30 Gilchrist 1,432 178 133 279 2,222 148 89 51 8 Dixie 1,313 186 117 250 1,809 107 58 41 7 Union 622 102 60 137 890 59 28 28 3 Lafayette 619 142 119 203 1,031 109 47 57 5 Tallahassee 40,068 5,031 3,046 7,602 57,688 3,188 1,755 1,129 294 Leon 26,297 1,821 654 2,548 32,367 1,221 768 311 149 Gadsden 3,508 405 267 650 5,561 384 191 164 26 Taylor 2,395 737 547 1,406 7,051 586 347 200 38 Madison 1,757 371 288 511 2,874 178 94 69 15 Wakulla 1,508 103 36 123 1,711 52 29 17 6 Jefferson 1,404 108 68 165 1,946 92 44 40 7 Hamilton 1,312 1,179 985 1,786 3,548 518 196 271 41 Franklin 1,175 89 52 116 1,424 51 33 12 7 Liberty 712 219 148 298 1,206 105 53 45 5 Panama City 25,584 2,204 1,135 3,590 36,414 1,838 1,067 579 190 Bay 16,854 1,376 667 2,355 24,181 1,234 762 340 137 Jackson 3,915 413 240 614 5,590 306 154 125 25 Holmes 1,626 143 98 229 2,356 97 45 38 11 Washington 1,401 118 52 166 1,887 81 40 33 8 Calhoun 930 78 48 121 1,321 64 37 21 5 Gulf 857 76 30 105 1,079 56 29 21 5 155,1 Grand Total 1,565,167 72,192 243,894 2,210,591 127,342 77,194 37,283 12,866 52 s are expressed in millions dollars. Impact estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties (IMPLAN Group, LLC). 26
Table 3. contributions of agriculture, natural resources and food industry groups, Florida regions and counties, 2014 Region-County Agricultural Inputs & Services Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Food & Kindred Products Distribution Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Full-time and Part-time Jobs Mining Forest Products Manufacturing Naturebased Recreation Miami-Fort Lauderdale 53,871 31,775 367,167 18,220 3,596 7,481 8,427 490,537 Palm Beach 17,097 8,056 82,284 3,806 719 2,488 3,866 118,316 Miami-Dade 16,284 9,142 146,197 8,124 1,938 1,786 1,451 184,922 Broward 14,569 1,399 109,389 4,832 684 1,228 1,768 133,868 Martin 2,389 1,933 9,711 397 120 1,235 619 16,403 Indian River 1,949 2,476 7,086 263 19 343 371 12,506 Monroe 999 1,018 9,710 305 101 188 318 12,640 Okeechobee 397 1,672 1,557 157 13 80 25 3,901 Hendry 145 5,246 1,152 335 2 6 7 6,893 Glades 44 833 81 1 0 127 1 1,087 Orlando 48,812 34,079 300,571 18,923 5,885 4,912 6,669 419,850 Orange 11,662 2,869 111,965 4,930 689 936 1,663 134,713 Polk 6,686 7,346 25,887 7,008 2,717 1,212 436 51,291 Seminole 4,802 500 24,902 962 725 39 365 32,295 Brevard 4,366 895 28,262 590 138 483 690 35,425 Volusia 3,822 2,098 27,262 715 129 338 523 34,888 Lake 3,714 3,123 12,990 1,450 78 465 711 22,531 Marion 3,033 4,818 13,624 846 352 496 462 23,630 St Lucie 2,603 2,345 10,431 848 357 184 273 17,041 Osceola 1,939 543 14,679 449 178 113 426 18,326 St Johns 1,664 579 12,633 489 191 156 548 16,260 Flagler 1,298 182 3,900 62 41 10 127 5,619 Citrus 1,230 654 4,934 116 58 85 223 7,300 Highlands 1,022 3,683 3,549 89 20 6 141 8,510 Sumter 724 1,095 4,925 251 137 89 75 7,295 Hardee 248 3,350 629 120 74 300 6 4,727 Sarasota-Bradenton 23,956 18,430 112,760 3,956 1,073 4,824 6,078 171,076 Lee 7,288 4,225 39,596 973 397 1,920 1,844 56,243 Collier 5,601 4,831 22,150 310 87 947 2,199 36,126 Sarasota 5,480 627 24,077 404 130 1,028 1,148 32,894 Manatee 3,961 5,106 18,663 1,878 376 668 575 31,227 Charlotte 1,339 1,067 7,489 119 84 259 295 10,653 De Soto 287 2,573 785 272 0 1 16 3,933 Tampa-St. Petersburg 23,003 16,503 160,768 8,833 1,814 2,132 2,322 215,375 Hillsborough 11,528 13,149 79,402 6,294 1,105 786 860 113,124 Pinellas 7,256 714 56,594 1,677 545 1,107 966 68,858 Pasco 2,892 1,721 17,452 610 69 199 324 23,268 Hernando 1,327 919 7,320 253 95 40 172 10,125 Grand Total 27
Region-County Agricultural Inputs & Services Crop, Livestock, Forestry & Fisheries Production Food & Kindred Products Distribution Food & Kindred Products Manufacturing Mining Forest Products Manufacturing Naturebased Recreation Grand Total Full-time and Part-time Jobs Jacksonville 10,895 3,505 75,232 4,766 4,414 1,470 1,256 101,536 Duval 8,190 1,059 59,828 4,399 2,352 1,323 906 78,056 Clay 1,527 464 8,790 181 12 51 150 11,175 Nassau 729 876 3,729 64 888 10 172 6,467 Putnam 318 821 2,161 102 1,161 86 26 4,675 Baker 131 285 724 21 2 0 2 1,164 Pensacola 5,256 3,030 46,399 932 742 1,403 598 58,360 Escambia 1,965 910 19,138 302 501 523 231 23,569 Okaloosa 1,504 705 15,507 270 1 374 258 18,618 Santa Rosa 987 735 6,126 165 149 490 55 8,707 Walton 801 680 5,627 195 92 17 55 7,467 Gainesville 3,403 9,726 24,210 2,480 1,180 1,578 205 42,781 Alachua 2,082 3,084 16,994 317 348 976 135 23,936 Suwannee 346 1,733 1,245 1,622 29 44 5 5,024 Bradford 245 476 982 59 83 269 9 2,124 Columbia 232 865 2,973 332 189 16 15 4,622 Levy 188 1,544 1,150 90 54 41 20 3,088 Gilchrist 185 886 263 26 17 53 3 1,432 Dixie 65 443 329 7 336 127 6 1,313 Union 31 285 144 11 113 26 12 622 Lafayette 29 411 129 16 10 25 0 619 Tallahassee 4,024 5,768 24,849 1,056 1,533 2,614 224 40,068 Leon 2,327 1,067 20,338 355 39 2,032 140 26,297 Hamilton 469 612 214 8 1 0 9 1,312 Gadsden 443 1,407 1,080 62 233 272 11 3,508 Wakulla 278 226 809 48 1 127 19 1,508 Jefferson 181 769 340 9 2 95 9 1,404 Madison 121 810 443 364 2 16 1 1,757 Taylor 115 563 644 69 925 64 15 2,395 Franklin 89 136 812 108 1 8 20 1,175 Liberty 3 179 168 33 329 0 0 712 Panama City 1,778 3,900 17,575 340 931 742 317 25,584 Bay 1,304 630 13,773 187 485 177 298 16,854 Jackson 182 1,190 1,868 64 395 210 7 3,915 Holmes 129 874 434 23 6 159 1 1,626 Calhoun 70 443 316 10 38 53 0 930 Washington 55 616 633 47 0 48 1 1,401 Gulf 38 147 551 8 9 95 10 857 Grand Total 174,998 126,715 1,129,530 59,505 21,168 27,155 26,096 1,565,167 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties (IMPLAN Group, LLC). [Impact estimates include regional multiplier effects.] 28
Share of Florida Gross Domestic Product and The relative importance of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida can be gauged by their share of overall economic activity in the state. Among 17 major industry groups, agriculture, natural resources, and food industries were ranked first in Florida in terms of direct employment (Figure 12), and were second only to the real estate and rental group in terms of direct value or GDP in 2014 (Figure 13). The direct value of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in Florida ($75.98 billion) represented 9.1 percent of Florida s GDP ($801.00 billion), and the total value contributions of the industry, including regional multiplier effects ($127.34 billion), represented 15.3 percent of state GDP. employment in agriculture, natural resources, and food industries (1.565 million jobs) represented 14.5 percent of total employment in the state, and total employment contributions of the industry (2.210 million jobs) represented 20.5 percent of all Florida jobs. Excluding the food and kindred products distribution industry group, contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries represented 6.5 percent of state GDP and 7.4 percent of state employment. The shares of total value (GDP) and employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in each region of Florida are shown in Figure 14. contributions of agriculture, natural resources, and food industries represented over 20 percent of total employment in the Gainesville, Orlando, Panama City, Sarasota-Bradenton, and Tallahassee regions, while value contributions represented over 15 percent of GDP in the Gainesville, Jacksonville, Orlando, Panama City, Sarasota-Bradenton, and Tallahassee regions. The shares of overall county employment and GDP contributed by agriculture-food industries in each of the Florida counties are mapped in Figures 15 and 16, respectively, with greater relative contributions indicated by darker shading. 29
Travel, Entertainment and Recreation, 408,988, 4% Construction, 581,270, 5% Manufacturing, 291,544, 3% Wholesale Trade, 298,903, 3% Transportation, 349,994, 3% Education, 595,092, 5% Information and Communications, 175,437, 2% Utilities, 24,480, 0% Agriculture, Natural Resources, Related, 1,565,167, 14% Health Care and Social Services, 1,211,347, 11% Finance and Insurance, 642,158, 6% Real Estate and Rentals, 668,547, 6% Government and non- NAICS, 702,986, 6% Other Services, 704,987, 6% Professional and Technical Services, 968,667, 9% Retail Trade, 967,838, 9% Management and Administrative Services, 866,876, 8% Figure 12. employment by major industry groups, Florida, 2014 Number of full-time and part-time jobs. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida Information and Communications, 31,305.7, 4% Manufacturing, 30,511.4, 4% Wholesale Trade, 46,066.8, 5% Travel, Entertainment and Recreation, Transportation, 26,109.3, 3% Construction, 39,643.5, 5% Education, 35,958.2, 4% Finance and Insurance, 50,631.6, 6% Real Estate and Rentals, 125,461.3, 15% Utilities, 14,404.4, 2% Agriculture, Natural Resources, Related, 75,981.1, 9% Health Care and Social Services, 73,892.5, 9% Professional and Technical Services, 68,104.7, 8% Retail Trade, 51,857.3, 6% Management and Administrative Services, 45,015.0, 5% Other Services, 30,750.1, 4% Government and non-naics, 70,900.2, 8% Figure 13. value (GDP) by major industry groups, Florida, 2014 s in millions dollars. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. 30
Figure 14. Share of GDP and employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida regions, 2014 Source: IMPLAN data for Florida counties. Figure 15. Map of share of employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida counties, 2014 Source: IMPLAN state/county data for Florida counties and MapPoint software. 31
Figure 16. Map of share of contribution to GDP by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida counties, 2014 Source: IMPLAN state/county data for Florida counties and MapPoint software. Trends in Economic Contributions over Time In addition to the current economic contributions made to the state of Florida by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries in the latest year of available data (2014), it is important to understand how these values have changed over time. Trends in the economic contributions between 2001 and 2014 are shown in Figures 17 22. All monetary values were adjusted for inflation and expressed in constant 2014 U.S. dollars. Note that these trends may reflect changes in commodity prices, the structure of Florida s economy, and the business cycle of the national and global economy. Total employment impacts in the industry grew from 1.71 million jobs in 2001 to 1.93 million jobs in 2010, before declining during 2011, and then recovering to 2.21 million jobs in 2014 (Figure 17). Overall employment contributions in the industry increased by 29.1 percent over the 14-year period, and averaged 2.2 percent annually, based on the best-fitting linear regression. Average annual growth in employment contributions was greatest for mining (11.9%); agricultural inputs and services (8.2%); and crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries production (3.3%). 32
Total value contributions grew from $84.38 billion in 2001 to $127.34 billion in 2014 in inflation-adjusted terms, representing a 50.9 percent increase, or a 3.9 percent average annual growth rate (Figure 18). Among industry groups, the average annual growth in value impacts during 2001 2014 was highest for agricultural inputs and services (10.3%), followed by mining (10.2%); food and kindred products distribution (6.5%); crop, livestock, forestry, and fisheries production (1.5%); and forest products manufacturing (1.4%), while nature-based recreation had the largest average annual decrease ( 5.3%). Trends in direct industry output, exports, employment contributions, and value contributions for agricultural commodity groups in Florida during 2001 2014 are charted in Figures 19 22, respectively. industry output (sales revenues) for all commodity groups increased by 22.3 percent over this period, adjusted for inflation, representing an average annual rate of 1.7 percent (Figure 19). There were notably large increases for environmental horticulture (65.2%), fishing and seafood products (26.5%), livestock farming and animal products manufacturing (18.5%), forestry and forest products manufacturing (17.9%), and grain and oilseed farming and processing (78.3%), while sugarcane farming, refined sugar, and confections had a total decrease of 13.5 percent and fruit and vegetable farming and processing decreased by 8.2 percent during this period. Domestic and international exports of Florida food and fiber commodities grew by 16.0 percent over the 14-year period (1.2% average annually), led by grain and oilseed farming and processing (96.8%), fishing and seafood products (81.5%), environmental horticulture (80.7%), livestock farming and animal products manufacturing (78.5%), and forestry and forest products manufacturing (19.2%), while fruit and vegetable farming and processing declined ( 25.8%) (Figure 20). The increase in exports contributed strongly to the total economic contributions as a result of new final demand to the Florida economy, bringing in new dollars to be re-spent, as captured by the regional multiplier effects. contributions by commodity groups increased by 16.6 percent (1.3% average annually), with notable increases for grain and oilseed farming and processing (80.0%), environmental horticulture (79.3%), and fishing and seafood products (13.7%), but decreases for sugarcane farming, refined sugar, and confections ( 49.5%), forestry and forest products manufacturing ( 9.9%), and fruit and vegetable farming and processing ( 7.7%), as shown in Figure 21. contributions increased 17.5 percent, with large increases for fishing and seafood products (86.9%), livestock farming and animal products manufacturing (78.7%), and environmental horticulture (60.2%) (Figure 22). Individual crop and livestock industry sectors with large growth in direct output during 2001 2014 (inflation adjusted) included tree nut farming (392%), commercial fishing (96%), beef and dairy cattle ranching (70%), and cotton farming (60%). Input and support industry sectors with large growth were lawn and garden equipment manufacturing (550%), fertilizer manufacturing (202%), landscape services (148%), veterinary services (100%), and pest control services (79%). Mining industry sectors with high growth were mining coal (3900%); drilling oil 33
and gas wells (1133%); support activities for other mining (395%); support activities for oil and gas operations (217%); and mining and quarrying sand, gravel, clay, and ceramic and refractory minerals (202%). Food and kindred product manufacturing industry sectors with large growth were soybean and other oilseed processing (4922%), tortilla manufacturing (2936%), dog and cat food manufacturing (1622%), all other food manufacturing (539%), wineries (441%), fats and oils refining and blending (246%), flour milling and malt manufacturing (237%), tobacco products manufacturing (201%), and chocolate and confectionery manufacturing from cacao beans (200%). Forest product manufacturing industry sectors with large growth were reconstituted wood products (8464%), sanitary paper products (271%), all other converted paper product manufacturing (202%), and all other miscellaneous wood product manufacturing (162%). Food and kindred product distribution industry sectors with large growth were wholesale trade in food and kindred products (75%) and food services and drinking places (63%). Overall, the agriculture, natural resources, and food industries collectively increased direct output by 47.2 percent during 2001 2014. Other major industry groups that had higher growth in direct output during this period were utilities (97%); professional and technical services (95%); travel, entertainment, and recreation (60%); government (58%); wholesale trade (52%); and information and communications (52%). 34
Figure 17. Trends in employment contributions by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida, 2001 2014 Note, data not available for 2005. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. 35
Figure 18. Trends in GDP contribution by agriculture, natural resources, and food industries, Florida, 2001 2014 Note, data not available for 2005. s expressed in 2014 dollars. Estimates include regional multiplier effects. Source: IMPLAN data for Florida. 36