Sustainable Alternatives to Building Demolition 2005 States Solid Waste Conference Phoenix, AZ It s Not Just Garbage Anymore Tom Napier Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Champaign, IL
WHAT CAUSES DEBRIS? Response to an Army Mission Upgrade capabilities Improve quality of life for soldiers and their families Remove obsolete buildings from inventory
DEBRIS Demolishing ONE WWII-era barracks building Debris: 118 tons Demolition cost: ~$20,000 On-post landfill: free tipping; $28-50/ton life cycle Off-site landfill: $18-90/ton; not incl. hauling
DEBRIS One barracks building, cont d Creates > 40 Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent (MTCE)* Creates > 160 Metric Tons C0 2 Equivalent (MTC0 2 E)* Equivalent to > 30 passenger cars / year Embodied energy ~ 960 million BTU* Other life-cycle effects** Soil erosion Depleted CO 2 sequestration Altered habitat * USEPA WAste Reduction Model (WARM) ** AIA Environmental Resources Guide
DEBRIS Why is the Army concerned? Est. 26 Million Tons over the next 15 years Up to 80% of some installations solid waste Reduced Army landfill capacity ~$1Million/acre to operate over landfill s life 30% fewer C&D landfills from mid-1980 s to mid-1990 s Higher disposal costs in future
DEBRIS A liability or a RESOURCE? ITS NOT JUST GARGAGE ANYMORE!!!
SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES TO BUILDING DEMOLITION
ALTERNATIVES Benefits of diverting demolition debris. a partial list Economic Landfill Environmental Social Ethical
ALTERNATIVES MAINE TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOL, DES PLAINES IL, circa 1929
WHAT S REUSABLE OR RECYCLABLE?
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Concrete Recyclable Compacted base Engineered fill Fill Erosion control Trails Recycling concrete is common, if not universal
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Lumber Reusable Resale Value added (millwork, etc) Lumber salvage is somewhat nichemarket Timber salvage market is widely available
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Lumber Recyclable (clean) Mulch Engineered wood products Boiler fuel Wood recycling & grinding services are widely available
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Metals Reusable Pre-engineered metal buildings most practical Recyclable New metal Metal recycling is the rule rather than the exception
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Gypsum Drywall Reusable (clean scrap) Resale (minimum halfsheets, typical) Recyclable (clean scrap) Drywall manufacturing Soil amendments Most recycled GWB comes from construction sites Demolition drywall is problematic if LBPcontaminated Recycling infrastructure is regional Agricultural markets could expand
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Asphalt roofing Recyclable Hot mix asphalt Cold patch Ground cover Fuel New roofing (pre-consumer materials) Recycling infrastructure is limited, but expanding
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Carpet Reusable Resale Restoration Recyclable New carpet Other polymer products Waste-to-energy & cement kilns Leased as a service Recycling infrastructure is limited, but expanding
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Acoustic tile Reusable Resale Recycling New acoustic tile Armstrong World Industries is the only recycler to date
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Other reusable architectural items Insulation Vinyl siding Wood siding Doors Windows Interior paneling T&G flooring Etc.
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Other reusable mechanical & electrical items Furnaces & heaters Air conditioning units (residential capacity) Duct accessories Plumbing fixtures & equipment Electrical fixtures & equipment Etc.
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE A caution; not everything is salvageable Availability of working area on the site Materials quality, integrity Physical damage Obsolescence Contamination; biological, chemical Hazardous material Lead-based paint Glues and adhesives Complexity of disassembly Entanglement Connections Elevation Required equipment
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Some end uses FORT KNOX MATERIALS (O-HARE HOUSE) FORT CAMPBELL MATERIALS (CARR STABLE)
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE AUSTIN TX HABITAT FOR HUMANITY RE-STORE
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE Used building materials markets http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fpl_gtr150.pdf
REUSABLE / RECYCLABLE SALVAGED TIMBERS FROM A WEYERHAEUSER MILL Gates Residence, Medina, WA Price is no object
ARMY DECONSTRUCTION & DEBRIS REDUCTION EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES the Army Corps work in the area of deconstruction, and how the deconstruction process can be a method to increase the amount of recycling of construction-type materials.
EXAMPLES Allow diversion Aircraft Parking Replacement, Fort Campbell KY Contractor recycled 37,000 tons of existing concrete as compacted base for new pavement Economically more advantageous than purchasing virgin aggregate
EXAMPLES Encourage diversion Building 125, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 1950 s administrative building Partnership among Contactor, WPAFB/BCE, & USACE to reduce waste Diverted >60% via partial deconstruction Building 225, Fort Carson CO WWII-era GP warehouse DECAM requested contractor to deconstruct instead of demolish Diverted >80% of building materials for resale Troop units recycled concrete
EXAMPLES Specify mininum diversion Lee Village, Fort Campbell, KY 1950 s Family Housing neighborhood Specified minimum 40% debris diversion Achieved 55% diversion; 62% in subsequent demolition Facility Reduction, Fort Monroe, VA 7 WWII-era buildings Specified 40% minimum debris diversion Achieved 70 90% debris diversion over 7 buildings
EXAMPLES Contract for deconstruction Pilot deconstruction, Fort Campbell, KY 5 WWII-era buildings Contracted directly with HfH for deconstruction services Achieved 85% diversion Sold materials in HfH s Re-Store Building 919, Fort Hood, TX WWII-era HQ building Contracted directly with HfH for deconstruction services HfH Estimated 90% diversion Sold materials in HfH s Re-Store
EXAMPLES Sell recycle rights to public Building recycling program, Fort Knox, KY Recycle rights sold by auction Deconstructed > 500 buildings Saved > $5 M in demolition cost Diverted > 100,000 tons of debris Facility Reduction, Fort Gordon, GA 4 WWII-era GP warehouses Extensive outreach performed prior to auction Achieved 80% diversion Deconstructors recovered approx. $200,000 in lumber value
EXAMPLES Sell buildings to the public Facility Reduction Program, Fort McCoy, WI Buildings sold by bid & by auction Deconstructed > 140 buildings Saved > $3.5 M in demolition cost Diverted > 15,000 tons of debris, plus concrete Recovered enough material to build 300 homes
EXAMPLES Contract for recycling services Concrete recycling, Fort Campbell, KY Contractor recycles concrete on a periodic basis Fort Knox uses RCA for base, erosion control, & trails Recycled 90,000 tons in one year Saved > $640K in material costs Saved > $2.7 M in landfill life cycle cost
EXAMPLES Upcoming projects Fort Lewis WA Fort Jackson SC Fort Bragg NC Fort Hood, TX Pentagon Renovation (maybe)
CAN WE WORK TOGETHER? Identify Mutual Interests Develop Markets; Match Supply & Demand Adjust Business Practices Army: attract potential resources & services Industry: provide services to the Army SW jurisdictions: communicate, coordinate, & network among the stakeholders
WORKING TOGETHER Can you help us Information, education Sources of services Exchanges Experience Partnerships Industry capabilities & practices Criteria & standards Methods & techniques Economic data; values & costs Incentives Other
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QUESTIONS? COMMENTS? Tom Napier, 217/373-3497 t-napier@cecer.army.mil