DECONSTRUCTION OPPORTUNITIES FOR SALVAGE, REUSE & RECYCLING Northeast Recycling Council Inc. Spring Conference EPA Region III, March 2006 Tom Napier Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Champaign, IL
WHAT CAUSES C&D DEBRIS?
C&D DEBRIS Response to a Mission Upgrade capabilities or mission performance Improve quality of life for employees or occupants Remove & replace obsolete buildings Debris is a byproduct of business activities
C&D DEBRIS Why are we concerned? Estimated 136 Million Tons annually in the US (US EPA, 1996) 25-40% of all solid waste 26% fewer C&D landfills in the US from 1990 to 2002 (US EPA) Higher disposal costs in the future Limits on C&D debris materials New landfill construction Rising fuel costs Potential liability
C&D DEBRIS 2004 Army Solid Waste Burden 764,000 Tons MSW (35%) 19,400 Tons Yard waste (1%) 19,400 Tons Other (1%) 1,380,000 Tons Construction & Demolition (63%)
C&D DEBRIS Estimated 26 Million Tons* Army C&D Debris (15 years) 260,000 Tons Drywall (1% ) 780,000 Tons Brick (3% ) 3,120,000 Tons Other (12%) 1,040,000 Tons Roofing (4% ) * BRAC, ARMY MODULARITY, & TROOP RE-STATIONING SUGGEST THIS FIGURE MAY NOW BE LOW 780,000 Tons Metals (3% ) 3,640,000 Tons Wood (14% ) 16,380,000 Tons Concrete (63% )
C&D DEBRIS Concern On-post landfill capacity is finite Tipping off-post will increase Army costs $ 8 MILLION- WORTH OF LANDFILL CAPACITY, FORT GORDON, GA LESS THAN $ 8 MILLION- WORTH OF LANDFILL CAPACITY, FORT GORDON, GA
C&D DEBRIS Demolishing ONE WWII-era two-story barracks Debris: 135 tons Building mat ls: 72 tons Concrete : 63 tons Demolition cost: ~$20,000 On-post landfill life cycle cost: $35 - $50/ton Off-post costs: Hauling cost: ~$1/ton/mile Tipping fee: $18-90/ton AND IT S AWFULLY DARNED WASTEFUL!!
C&D DEBRIS One barracks, cont d Creates > 40 Metric Tons Carbon Equivalent (MTCE)* Creates > 160 Metric Tons C0 2 Equivalent (MTC0 2 E)* Energy use reduction ~ 960 million BTU* Equivalent to > 30 cars / year & 2,400 gal gasoline Other life-cycle effects** Soil erosion Depleted CO 2 sequestration Altered habitat * USEPA WAste Reduction Model WARM ** AIA Environmental Resources Guide
C&D DEBRIS A liability.. or a RESOURCE? WASTE A RESOURCE IN THE WRONG PLACE AN OLD CHINESE PROVERB
REUSE & RECYCLING
REUSE / RECYCLING Typical WWII-era Barracks Building BARRACKS MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION By Weight METALS 5% OTHER 22% WOOD 29% COMMODITY ON-THE-HOOF MASONRY 10% CONCRETE 34%
REUSE / RECYCLING
REUSE / RECYCLING Typical WWII-era Barracks Building PRODUCT Concrete Reinforcing steel Masonry Framing lumber Board sheathing Roofing (shingles) Insulation Wood siding Vinyl siding Soffit, fascia, gutters Doors & windows Gypsum wallboard Acoustic ceiling Plywood paneling Wood T&G flooring Floor coverings Furnaces Plumbing fixtures Duct Piping Electrical fixtures Electrical conductor 18 CY 0.6 T 385 CF 26,100 BF 8,200 BF 3,100 SF 6,400 CF 4,000 SF 4,000 SF 660 SF 43 EA 16,400 SF 4,700 SF 1,000 SF 4,700 SF 4,700 SF 3 EA 16 EA 1.7 T 350 LF 28 EA 960 LF
REUSE / RECYCLING A caution; not everything is salvageable Availability of working area on-site Materials quality, integrity Physical damage Obsolescence Contamination; biological, chemical Hazardous material Lead-based paint Glues and adhesives Complexity of disassembly Entanglement Connections Elevation Required equipment
REUSEE / RECYCLING Used building materials outlets
SOME DRIVERS FOR REDUCING C&D DEBRIS
DRIVERS Public policy & regulation Public Ordinances State, county, & local Guides EPA National Strategic Plan, Recycling Goals
DRIVERS Army policy Army operations Facilities Sustainable Design & Development Installations Sustainability Plans New C&D Waste Management Policy
DRIVERS $tate-of-practice
DRIVERS $tate-of-practice
DRIVERS $tate-of-practice
DRIVERS $tate-of-practice Inertia: The ability of a body to resist a change in its state of motion
EXAMPLES Pilot Deconstruction Project Fort Campbell KY Deconstruction project administered by CERL CERL contracted directly with Austin TX HfH for deconstruction services for 5 WWII-era buildings HfH achieved 85% diversion HfH recovered $41,000 worth of materials for sale locally & at the Austin Re-Store Cost was comparable to conventional demolition
EXAMPLES Building 919, Fort Hood TX Deconstruction contract administered by USACE Contracted directly with Austin TX HfH AHfH achieved an estimated 90% diversion Approx. 36,000 BF of lumber was recovered Salvaged materials were sold at the AHfH ReStore
EXAMPLES Building 227, Fort Carson CO Demolition contract administered by Ft Carson Fort Carson DECAM requested contractor to deconstruct instead of demolish; contractor agreed Deconstruction subcontractor diverted >80% of building materials Contractor continued to deconstruct additional buildings at Fort Carson
EXAMPLES Facility Reduction, Fort Monroe VA Demolition contract administered by Ft Monroe Initially, demolition specification req d 40% diversion Later, RFP req d deconstruction & provided options for diversion above minimums (60%-plus) Diversion averaged 72% over 58 buildings
EXAMPLES 4 Warehouses, Fort Gordon GA Building Removal administered by Ft Gordon Extensive outreach was performed Recycle rights to buildings were sold via live auction Contractor retrieved an estimated $50,000-worth (retail value) of lumber from EACH warehouse 80% of the debris was diverted
EXAMPLES WWII-era buildings, Fort McCoy WI Building sales administered by USACE & Ft McCoy Buildings were sold via sealed bidding & live auction Over a 10-year period of time Deconstructed > 140 buildings Diverted > 15,000 tons of building debris, PLUS concrete Recovered enough material to build 300 houses
EXAMPLES Njmegen Neighborhood, Fort Bragg NC Fayetteville NC HfH & Picerne Military Housing Removed doors & windows, cabinets, oak flooring, kitchen & bath fixtures, plumbing & HVAC equipment, & other materials from 60 units before demolition
EXAMPLES Walker Village, Fort Hood TX Austin TX HfH & Actus Lend-Lease Performed soft strip of housing units prior to demoliton Performed some complete deconstruction
EXAMPLES How are we doing?* Decon/recycle/salvage: >1,000 buildings/2.5 Million SF Potential debris: ~ 80,000 Tons Diverted: ~ 63,000 Tons Landfill cost avoidance: ~$1.9 Million Value of salvaged materials: ~ $4.4 Million The future Forecast of 26 Million tons over the next 15 years 50% diversion is minimum required 75%-plus is achievable Potential to put 20 million tons of C&D to a better use than filling a hole in the ground!! * DOCUMENTED PROJECTS
CHALLENGES Shifting the Paradigm Remove instead of demolish Resource instead of debris Incentive instead of path of least resistance Acknowledging other economic factors Cost avoidance Value of recovered materials Life Cycle Cost impacts
CHALLENGES Accommodating Schedules Planning ahead Alternative building removal strategies Taking advantage of the marketplace Industry capabilities & practices Non-traditional sources of services Marketable materials Costs & values Adjusting business practices Planning Contract & specification provisions Mainstreaming the practice
CAN WE WORK TOGETHER? Identify Mutual Interests Develop Markets; Match Supply & Demand Adjust Business Practices Army: outreach -- engage SW management agencies & attract potential resources & services SW management agencies: communicate, coordinate, & network among the stakeholders Industry: provide services to the Army
WORKING TOGETHER Army installations & Installation Management Agency Regional Offices
WORKING TOGETHER Corps Districts & Divisions
WORKING TOGETHER Can you help us Information, education Sources of services Exchanges Experience Partnerships Industry capabilities & practices Criteria & standards Methods & techniques Economic data; values & costs Incentives Other Mid-America Council of Recycling Officials
AN ETHIC MAINE TOWNSHIP HIGH SCHOOL, DES PLAINES IL, circa 1929
QUESTIONS / COMMENTS? Tom Napier 217/373-3497 t-napier@cecer.army.mil