SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (ICCREST 7) - Special Issue- March 7 Soil Stabilization Using Silica Fume and Cement R.BHARATHAN, A.GIRIDHARAN, P.SARANYA 3 Student, Department of Civil Engineering, IFET, Villupuram. Students, Department of Civil Engineering, IFET, Villupuram. 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IFETCollege engineering, Villupuram. ABSTRACT The project deals with stabilization of soil using silica fume. Unsuitable soil requires stabilization to improve its properties. Silica fume is improved strength and durability of soil. The project are planned to conduct various experiment like liquid limits, plastic limits, Specific gravity, Proctor compaction text, unconfined compressive strength then behavior of soil base. Then the results and graphs of various mix behavior of soil base. The stabilization technique has an additional benefit of providing reduce permeability and settlement way to deal with silica fume. Keywords: - Silica fume, Cement, Atterberg limits, proctor compaction text and Unconfined Compressive Strength. INTRODUCTION: Soil at a construction site may not always be totally suitable for supporting structures in its natural state. In such a case, the soil needs to be improved to increase its bearing capacity and decrease the expected settlement. This paper gives an overview of techniques that are commonly used to improve the performance of saturated clayey soil in situ, its functions, methods of installation, the applicable soil types and cost of those techniques. Weak pavement foundation it is should be improved by using some techniques there are premixed of lime and cement it should Applied on ground. For reduced a soil settlement in foundation.the road to be constructed in rural area after that will be developed for some field Eg (Agricultural, education, employment, communication and transportation). The main purposes of stabilizing soil are to improve the performance of the soil, accelerate settlement, increase the strength, the durability and reduce the compressibility of the soil. In large scale applications, depending on the strength and stiffness required based on the type of soil, the quantities required are huge and need large scale machinery and special procedures are required in stabilization of deep soils which are weak.. MATERIALS USED.. silica fume: Silica fume used was confirming to ASTM- C(4-) and was supplied by ELKEM INDUSTRIES was named Elkem micro silica 9 D. The Silica fume is used as a partial replacement of cement. The properties of silica fume are shown in table Specific Gravity. Bulk Density, (Kg/m3) 576 Size, (Micron). Surface Area, (m/kg), Si (9-96)% Al O 3. -.8)%.. Cement: Cements used in construction are usually inorganic, often lime or calcium silicate based, and can be characterized as being either hydraulic or non-hydraulic, depending upon the ability of the cement to set in the presence of water. Ordinary Portland Cement of Ultratech brand of 53 grade confirming to IS: 69-987(9) was used in the present study. The properties of cement are shown in Table ISSN: 348 835 www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 78
SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (ICCREST 7) - Special Issue- March 7 SI.NO PROPERTY RESULT Normal Consistency 3% Initial Setting time 45 mins 3 Specific Gravity 3.5 4 Fineness of cement 5% 3 MIX PROPORTION: In these mixes the performance of the concrete is specified by the designer but the mix proportions are determined by the producer of concrete, except that the minimum cement content can be laid down. This is most rational approach to the selection of mix proportions with specific materials in mind possessing more or less unique characteristics. The approach results in the production of concrete with the appropriate properties most economically. However, the designed mix does not serve as a guide since this does not guarantee the correct mix proportions for the prescribed performance. Table 3 Figure 4. PLASTIC LIMIT Plastic limit is the water content below which the soil stops behaving as a plastic material. It begins to crumble when rolled into a thread of soil of 3 mm diameter. At this water content, the soil loses its plasticity and passes to a semi-soil state, 4 EXPERIMENTAL WORK In this project the project have conducted various experiments to find the stabilization of the soil base using thesilica fume and cement the various test conducted to find the stabilization of the soil base. SI.NO TRAIL CLAY CEMENT SF - 85 5-8 3-3 75 5 4-4 7 4. LIQUID LIMIT The liquid limit is the water content at which the soil changes from the liquid state to the plastic state. At the liquid limits, the clay is practically like a liquid, but possesses a small shearing strength. The shear strength at the stage is the smallest value that can be measured in the laboratory. The liquid limit of soil depends upon the clay mineral present. The stronger the surface charge and the thinner the particle the greater will be the amount of adsorbed water and, therefore, the higher will be the liquid limit. Figure 4.3 SPECIFIC GRAVITY Specific gravity is defined as the ration of the unit the projectight of soil solids unit the projectight of water. The specific gravity is needed for various calculation purposes in soil mechanics, e.g. void ratio, density and unit the projectight. ISSN: 348 835 www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 79
No. OF Blows,N SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (ICCREST 7) - Special Issue- March 7 Figure 3 4.4 PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST To assess the amount of compaction and the water content required in the field, compaction texts are done on the same soil in the laboratory. The texts provide a relationship between the water content and the dry density. The water content at which the maximum dry density is attained is obtained from the relationships provided by the texts. SI:NO Figure 5 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION: 5. Index properties INDEX PROPERTIES MATERIAL CLAY CEMENT SF Liquid Limit (WL) % Specific Gravity (G) g / cc 3 Plastic Limit (WP) % 4 Shrinkage Limit (WS) % 39 6..65 3.5 3 9 4 5 8 7 5 Table 4 5.5. Liquid limit Figure 4 There are liquid limit various ratio is noted below 4.5 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH In this type of the unconfined compression testing machine, a provide ring is used to measure the compressive force. There are two plate, having cone seating s for the specimen. The specimen is placed on the bottom plate so that it makes contact with the upper plate. The dial gauge and provide ring are set to zero. The compressive load is applied to the specimen by turning the handle. As the handle is turned, the upper plate move downloads and causes compression. 3 5 5 5 3 4 Water Contant, % trail trail trail 3 trail 4 ISSN: 348 835 www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 8
Dry Density Specific gravity compressive load Water content % SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (ICCREST 7) - Special Issue- March 7 5.. Plastic limit 3 Plastic limit Soil 3 4 5..3 Specific gravity Plastic limit SI:NO MC in % Dry Density g / cm 3 5. 7.848 8.837 8.7 5 8.53 8.8 8.4 3 3.5 8 8.7 8.3 8.s 4 4 4.8 4.8. 6.869 6.869 8.75 5 Soil 33.33 7.35 Table 6 5.. Unconfined compressive strength The compressive load only in the chart there are below: 3 SI:NO Specific Gravity.74.76 3 3.78 4 4.73 5 Soil.3 Table 5 5. Mechanical Properties: 5.. Proctor compaction test There are compaction value average water content Vs Dry densities: 8 6 4 specific gravity 3 4 soil 3 Soil SF 5% SF % SF 5% SF % 5 5 The unconfined compressive strength for calculate stress = P / A There are compressive stresses below the chart: 75. 86.3 trail 3 4 Soil Stress KN / m 3 897.95 load KN 53.6 3 4 Soil Conclusion: Thus from the above experimental studies we concluded that, Settlement in clay soil can be reducing by adding a silica fume. This will in turn improve the strength, reduce permeability, increase density and improve shear strength. Thus use of silica fume will be beneficed to clay in improving their soil properties ISSN: 348 835 www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 8
SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering (ICCREST 7) - Special Issue- March 7 References: [] AchmadFauzi, ZuraidahDjauhari And UsamaJuniansyahFauzi Soil Engineering Properties Improvement By Utilization Of Cut Waste Plastic And Crushed Waste Glass As Additive Iacsit International Journal Of Engineering And Technology, Vol. 8, No., January 6 [] Akshaya Kumar Sabat, Associate Professor, SubasisPati Research Scholar Department Of Civil Engineering Institute Of Technical Education And Research Siksha O anusandhan University Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, Or, India, A Review Of Literature On Stabilization Of Expansive Soil Using Solid Wastes [3] M Anjan Kumar, Giet,Rajamundry& G V R PrasadaRaju, Department Of Civil Engineering, Jntu College Of Engineering, Use Of Lime Stabilized Pavement Construction Indian Journal Of Engineering & Material Science Vol.6, August 9. [4] M.adamsjoe, mariarajeshassociate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Engg College, Oman and ACEW, Tamilnadu, India soil stabilization using industrial waste and lime [5] Dallas N. Little, Texas A&M University, Eric H. Males, National Lime Association, Jan R. Prusinski, Portland Cement Association, Barry Stewart, CementitiousStabilizaion, Lime Stabilization,Coal Fly Ash Stabilization, Portland Cement Stabilization American Coal Ash Association Aj: Committee On Cementitious Stabilization Chairman: Roger K. Seals, Louisiana State University. [6] George Rowland Otoko Civil Engineering Department, Rivers State University Of Science And Technology, Port Harcourt, A Review Of The Stabilization Of Problematic Soils International Journal Of Engineering And Technology Research Vol., No. 5, May 4, Pp. - 6, Issn: 37 349. [7] Mandeep Singh &Anupam Mittal,, Department Of Civil Engineering, Nit, Kurukshetra, A Review On The Soil Stabilization With Waste Materials International Journal Of Engineering Research And Applications (Ijera) Issn: 48-96 [8] Mukesh A. Patel,Dr. H. S. Patel A Review On Effects Of Stabilizing Agents For Stabilization Of The projectak Soil Civil And Environmental Research Issn -79 (Paper) Issn - 863 Vol, No.6,. [9] Priti Mishra, JhaAjachi R.B., MohnishSatrawala, Harsh Amin ExperimentalStudy On Waste Recycled Product (W.R.P.) And Waste Plastic Strips (W.P.S.) As Pavement Sub-Base Material [] Swapan Kumar Bagui General Manager, Pavement Design For Rural Low Volume Roads Using Cement And Lime Treatment Base Pavement, Material And Geotechnical Division, Intercontinental Consultants And Technocrats Private Limited, A8 Green Park, New Delhi, India. [] Dr.K.R.Arora Soil mechanics and Foundation Engineering Book Formerly Professor and Head of civil Engineering. Department Engineering college, Koto. [] N. K. Amudhavalli, Jeena Mathew effect of silica fume on strength and durabilityparameters of concrete Department of Civil Engineering. Anna University, Coimbatore and M.G. University, Ernakulum, India ISSN: 348 835 www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 8