NAME PER ECOLOGY HW PACKET POINTS SCORES Packet questions #1-32 6 Packet questions #33-38 3 Packet questions #39-51 4 Packet questions #52-58 3 Microscope worksheet 3 Ecology Interactions Activity 6 Test Review 10 Notebook Points 20 TOTAL 55 Stability in an ecosystem is a balance between competing effects Inconvenient Truth Video Notes Extra Credit 3 Ecological Footprint Reflection-Extra Credit 4 NOT INCLUDED IN PACKET Due Date Activity: Predator Prey Lab: Yeast and Limiting Factors Activity: Ecology Interactions Project: Ecology Portfolio Exam: Ecology
Ecosystems Structure: Key Concept: Ecology is the study of relationships among organisms and their environment. Levels of organization 1. Label this diagram with the correct level 2. Fill in the table below Level Description Example Organism Population Community Ecosystem Biome Main Idea: An ecosystem includes both biotic and Abiotic factors. Use the box below to complete the following sentences. Abiotic Animals Biotic Living Moisture Nonliving Plants Temperature Wind 3. All ecosystems are made up of and components 4. factors are living things, such as or 5. factors are nonliving things such as,,, or 6. What is the difference between a biotic and an Abiotic factor? 7. List two (2) Abiotic factors 8. List two (2) Biotic factors_ 9. Label the biotic and Abiotic parts of the ecosystem in the picture below 1
Key Concept: Life in an ecosystem requires a source of energy. Main Idea: Producers provide energy for other organisms in ecosystems Complete the following sentence with the correct term Autotrophs eating nonliving Consumers heterotrophs producers 10. are organisms that get their energy from the resources, meaning they make their own food. These organisms are also called. 11. are organisms that get their energy by other organism. These organisms are also called. 12. Why do all ecosystems depend on the producers? 13. Why is the sun important to both producers and consumers? 14. What is the difference between and consumer and a producer? Key Concept: Food chains and food webs model the flow of energy in an ecosystem Main Idea: a food chain is a model that show the sequence of feeding relationships Complete the following sentence with the correct term Carnivore Herbivore Secondary Consumer Decomposer Omnivore Tertiary Consumer Detritivore Primary Consumer Trophic Levels 15. I eat only plants. I am a(n). 16. I eat only other animals. I am a(n). 17. I eat both plants and animals.. I am a(n). 18. I eat dead organic matter.. I am a(n). 19. I break down organisms matter into simpler compounds.. I am a(n). 20. I am the first consumer, above the producer level.. I am a(n). 21. I am a carnivore that eats herbivores.. I am a(n). 22. I am a carnivore that eats other carnivores.. I am a(n). 23. The levels of nourishment in the food chain are called. Main Idea: Food webs shows complex feeding relationships 24. How is a food web different from a food chain? 25. What happens to the energy at each link in the web? 26. What type of organism is the base of the food web? 2
A Food Web Shows: Types of Consumers: 1. 2. 3. 4. Trophic Levels Producer Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumer Key Concept: Pyramids model the distribution of energy and matter in an ecosystem Main idea: Energy pyramids show the distribution of energy among trophic levels. Complete the following sentence with the correct term Heat Biomass Waste 27. The measure of the total dry mass of organism in a given area is called. 28. When a consumer incorporates the biomass of a producer into it s biomass, a large amount of energy is lost as and. 29. Label the four tiers of the energy pyramid with the correct trophic levels. a. Assume you have 50 hawks, how many of each of the following would you have? (Grass, Mice, Snakes) b. Label the pyramid with the numbers and species 3
Main Idea: Other pyramid models illustrate an ecosystem s biomass and distribution of organisms. 30. Fill in the table below Model Description Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid Pyramid of numbers 31. What is biomass? 32. Describe how the energy flows from one level to the next? ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION Key Concept: Ecological succession is a process of change in the species that make up a community Main Idea: Succession occurs following a disturbance in an ecosystem. 33. What is ecological succession? 34. Fill in the chart below with a description and simple sketch of the main steps of primary succession. 35. Fill in the chart below with a description and simple sketch of the main steps of secondary succession. 4
36. What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession? 37. What are pioneer species? a) Why are pioneer species so important in primary sucession? b) Give an example of a pioneer species 38. Why might succession be considered a never-ending process? Population Growth Patterns Key Concept: Populations grow in predictable patterns Main Idea: changes in population size are determined by birth, death, immigration and emigration. Complete the following sentence with the correct term Birth Death Immigration Emigration 39. When resources are abundant in an area, individuals may move into the population in that area. This movement of individuals into a population from a different population is called. 40. A very cold winter has left many deer in a population hungry and sick. By the end of the winter, these populations will likely decrease because of. 41. A deer population experiences growth when the rate of reproduction increases. This change in population size is due to. 42. As humans move into a territory, many members of the deer population move away and join other herds; this movement of individuals out of a population into a new one is called. 43. How does the availability of resources affect population growth? 44. In the spaces below, draw and label the two different types of population curves. Write a brief description of each next to the graph and give an example. Description: Description: Example: Example: _ 45. What type of growth curve shows a carrying capacity? 46. What type of population growth us a risk for a population crash? a) Explain why. b) Give an example 47. Detail the key differences between logistic and exponential growth. 5
Main Idea: Ecological factors limit population growth 48. Define density dependent limiting factor 49. List three examples of density-dependent limiting factors 50. Define density- independent limiting factor 51. List three examples of density-independent limiting factors HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH AND NATURAL RESOUSES Key concept: as human population growth, the demands on earth s resources increase Main idea: Earths population continues to grow. 52. What is the population of the earth now? 53. Name and give examples of two technologies that have influenced human population growth since 1700. Main Idea: The growing human population exerts pressure on the earth s natural resources. 54. Determine whether the following resources are renewable or non-renewable. Explain your answer a) Oil b) Sun c) Trees d) Water e) Wind f) Corn g) Beef h) Coal Main Idea: Effective management of earth s resources will help meet the needs of the future. 55. What is an ecological footprint? 56. List four factors that determine your ecological footprint. 57. What is the difference between a renewable and non-renewable resource? 6
Nutrient Cycling Key Concept: Nutrients cycle within ecosystems Main Idea: matter cycles 58. Use your PPT notes and textbook to help you fill in this chart Cycle Description/Key Steps Drawing/Sketch Carbon Cycle Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Phosphorus Cycle 7
Identifying Parts of a Microscope Goal: Identify parts of the microscope their function Background: One of the most important tools that a scientists uses is a microscope. The microscope makes objects appear larger, enabling us to maximize our sense of sight and therefore observation. The microscopes we use in class are a Compound Light microscope, which has two lenses and a light source. Task: Familiarize yourself with the labeled parts of the microscope TIPS: Find objects on 4x, focus on 10x or 40x, by turning the adjustment knobs slowly away from you. If you can t see the object try adjusting the diaphragm Questions: 1. What parts make up the lens system? 2. How many lenses does this microscope have? The lens and the nosepiece are the objective lenses, each objective is labeled with it s magnification. The lens marked 4x will make the object 4 times it s original size. 3. What are the magnifications of the objective lenses of your microscope? _ The ocular lens further magnifies the objective. You multiple the ocular lens times the objective lens to get the total magnification. 4. If you have an ocular lens with a 10x objective and an objective lens with 10x, what is the total magnification? 5. What is the highest magnification available on your microscope? The second system of the microscope is the stage. The stage is the place where you put the object your are viewing. In the center of the stage there is an opening that lets light pace though. The stage clips hold the slide in place 6. What are the two parts of the stage system? The third system is the lighting system. Light must pass through a specimen to see it. The light system is located under the stage. The diaphragm alters the amount of light that passes through. 7. What type of lighting system does your microscope use? 8. What happens if you rotate the diagram to clockwise? The fourth system of the microscope is the focusing system. In order to see a specimen clearly, you must change the distance between the slide and the objective lens. The focus is adjusted by the two knobs on the arm. 9. Look into the eyepiece, what happens when you turn the larger, course adjustment knob? 10. What happens when you turn the smaller, fine adjustment knob?
Test yourself: Need some Practice? Go to http://www.biologycorner.com/microquiz/index.html Part Name: Ocular lens (Eye Piece) Revolving nosepiece Objectives lens Arm Stage Stage Clips Diaphragm Course Adjustment Knob Fine Adjustment Knob Light Source Base Part is used for:
NAME Period _ TEST REVIEW: ECOLOGY STANDARD 6 (CHAPTERS 13-16) 1. What are the 7 characteristics of something that is alive? a) b) c) d) e) f) g) 2. Draw a flow chart of the different parts of the ecosystems from smallest to largest. (5 parts) 3. What are a collection of different ecosystems called? 4. List three land biomes 5. List three water biomes 6. What is the difference between an abiotic and biotic factor? a) List an example of each i) Abiotic ii) Biotic 7. What two things generally define a biome? _ 8. What is a Trophic level? 9. List the different Trophic levels by name. a) b) c) d) 10. What is the difference between an Autotroph and a Heterotroph? 11. What are the other names we call Autotroph and Heterotrophs?
12. What is biomass? 13. Explain the rule of ten, using a biomass pyramid to help me understand. 14. What is a food web? a) DRAW A FOOD WEB b) Why do we use a web instead of a chain? 15. What is biological magnification? 16. Why do we need to limit the amounts of certain fish that we eat? 17. Explain what DDT is and why it is bad for the environment. 18. What are the different types of Community Interactions? a) b) c) d)
19. What does symbiosis mean? a) What are the different types? i) ii) iii) b) Give an example of each (3). i) ii) iii) 20. What is ecological succession? 21. What are the normal steps of plants replacing each other? 22. What are the different types of Ecological Succession? a) b) 23. Give an example of each (2). a) b) c) 24. What is the difference between a pioneer and climax species? 25. What are the different types of population growth? a) b) c) What do the different curves that represent them look like? 26. What general factors effect population growth? a) b) c) d) 27. What are the two different types of limiting factors? a) b) 28. Give an example of each(2) a) b) 29. What is carrying capacity?
30. Why can't we exceed carrying capacity? 31. Draw the carbon cycle using animals from your biome project. 32. What processes add Carbon Dioxide to the environment? a) b) c) 33. What process removes Carbon Dioxide? 34. What is global warming? a) What can we do to stop it? 35. What is an invasive species? a) Example b) Why are they dangerous to the environment? 36. Summarize what happened in the Aleutian Islands off Alaska. a) Draw a flow chart of the normal feeding patterns. b) Why was the problem worsened, when the number of sea urchins increased? 37. What purpose did clam lagoon serve in this ecological mystery?