AGRA Support to Seed Security in Africa Augustine Langyintuo AGRA-Nairobi Presented at the FARNPAN Organized seed security Network. South Africa 20-21 May 2010
Introduction Low crop productivity in Africa over the years Yield (MT T/ha) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Region Southern Africa Eastern Africa Western Africa Eastern Asia Western Europe Australia
Challenge - climate change: - 0.4% p.a., frequent drought Percent change in agricultural production due to climate change (Cline 2007)
Challenge: Limited fertilizer use intensity 50 Total consumption 1.3 Mil tons 45 40 35 30 25 20 Kg/ha 15 10 9 kg/ha 5 0 Zimbabwe Kenya Malawi Swaziland Lesotho Benin Ethiopia Senegal Botswana Cote d' Ivoire Mali Zambia Togo Burkina Faso Cameroon Nigeria Gambia Tanzania Chad Mauritania Ghana Mozambique Madagascar Burundi Guinea Rwanda Niger Angola Uganda DRC
Challenge: Limited use of improved maize cultivars (2006) 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Use of improved maize cultivars Mali Ghana Nigeria Angola Mozambique Tanzania Ethiopia Malawi Uganda Kenya Zambia Zimbabwe
Seed production and deployment environment Seed value chain Establishing & running a seed company Seed production Seed Seed & processing marketing demand Policies & regulations
Reasons for low use of improved varieties Company establishment High start-up investment cost Lack of manpower and technical know-how Production Limited access to suitable germplasm Production infrastructure Limited it access to production credit Weak producer base
Marketing and distribution constraints Poor market infrastructure Limited retail networks Challenges related to use of intermediaries Seed policies Weak internal seed laws and regulations Import/export restrictions Lengthy variety release processes Restrictions on access to public germplasm Demand constraints - low adoption rates Poor extension coverage Poor output markets
AGRA s Technical interventions R&D Seed delivery Training Breeders M.Sc. & Ph.D. fellowships In-country research on relevant topics Breeding New Varieties Farmerparticipatory Regulatory > Release > Promotion Seed Enterprises Start-up grants Business Development Services Equity Funds The PASS Improved Seed Value Chain Agro-dealer Networks Business Training Credit guarantees Private extension
AGRA-Funded M.Sc. & Ph.D. Fellowship Programs, 2009 M.Sc. MS M.Sc. Ph.D. MS M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc. MSc M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc. M.Sc. Ph.D.
No. of MSc & Phds Enrolled & Graduated Cummulative 160 140 No. of st tudents enro olled 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 71 61 48 79 71 38 26 19 6 7 13 3 2007 2008 2009 2010 MScs Enrolled & on going PhDs Enrolled & on going MScs Graduated PhDs Graduated
AGRA-Funded Crop Breeding Initiatives, 2008 Maize Sorghum Rice Cassava Cowpea Beans Soybean Sweet Potato t Wheat
Groundnut Millet 4% 4% Breedinggrantsbycrop grants Wheat Soybean 2% 2% Cowpea 6% Maize 27% Cassava 8% Sorghum 10% Rice 15% Sweet potato 10% Beans 12%
Varieties Released and Commercialized, 2007-2010 120 109 100 94 80 60 47 47 47 40 29 28 36 20 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Varieties released Varieties commercialized
Varieties released by crop Soybean, 1 Chickpea, 2 Groundnuts, 4 Pigeonpea, 2 Maize, 36 Cassava, 27 Sorgum, 8 Rice, 6 Beans, 23
Tanzania Ethiopia Mali Tanzania AGRA-Funded Seed Supply Initiatives, 2009
No. of Seed Enterprises Supported (43) 45 40 8 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 (12) 3 9 (27) 3 5 19 8 27 0 2007 2008 2009 Private Seed Co. Public Agency Farmer Assoc.
Seed Production by Crop Species (Eastern and Southern Africa) Wheat 5% Soy-bean 4% Sunflower Lablab 5% 1% Teff Beans 8% Cassava 8% Rice 1% Pigeon-pea 2% Sorghum 5% Groundnut 5% Cowpea 3% Maize 53%
Qu uantity of seed (M MT) Tho ousands Seed production by AGRA-supported Enterprises 20.0 (Projected) 20.00 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.00 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 00 0.0 26 2.6 Baseline - 2007 4.5 8.4 2008 2009 2010
Mali Ghana Nigeria Uganda Kenya Rwanda Tanzania AGRA-Funded Agro-Dealer Development Initiatives, 2009 Malawi Zambia Mozam.
Agro-dealers that have received technical and business management training under AGRA's programs 1600 1447 1400 1200 1091 1000 994 935 umber 800 N 600 582 461 400 200 212 203 268 100 153 153 0 Kenya Malawi Tanzania Mali Nigeria Ghana Business Technical
Agro-dealers Trained in Business Management 10000 9 200 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4 237 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 331 Baseline -2007 2008 2009
Seed & Fertilizer Sales by Agro-Dealers 235 943 250 000 200 000 MT 150 000 100 000 28 926 53 223 46 633 50 000 0 2008 Oct. 2009 Qty seed sales Qty fertilizer sales
Other Technical Initiatives Assembled a team of experts seconded to seed companies for a full season Seed Enterprise Management Institute in collaboration with the Seed Center at Iowa State t University, it CIMMYT & Nairobi Univ. Establishment of an investment fund as a Loan Facility (ASIF & WAAIF) for grantees & non grantees
Policy interventions Supporting the strengthening of internal seed laws and regulations Advocating for minimal delays in the release of new varieties Advocating for the easy access to public germplasm Supporting the implementation of regionally harmonized seed laws and regulations Working to eliminate trade restrictions
Technical Challenges Low production capacity/insufficient: BS,FS, CS Out-growers incompetence Drought constraint Storage facilities Limited working capital Weak regulatory agencies Monopoly on public varieties Poor marketing infrastructure Poor business management skills Lengthy variety release
How harmonization of seed policies and legislation l will enhance AGRA s work Greater liberalization of (foundation and certified) seed production and marketing Increased competition ensuring better prices Squeezing out fake seed dealers through h cross-border movement of seeds Enforcing regulatory measures Promoting increased crop productivity it and a potential for an African Green Revolution
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