Introduction Cultural Change Your Role in Improving Safety Culture & Performance Approximately 45 minutes Objectives: Discuss Past & current safety performance Identify cultural challenges in the construction industry Describe the role of the workforce in improving the current culture Understand how to protect yourself and others from serious injury and death through personal responsibility to change the current culture Recognize the role of management in improving the current culture
Introduction Construction Safety Culture Most workers realize the risks of construction Many workers have witnessed: Minor Injuries Severe Injuries Disabling Injuries Deaths Near Miss Events Construction is far from a Desired Safety Culture
Introduction During this presentation: 15 People in the US will Die due to Injury 4,440 will require Medical Treatment Total Costs: $79,140,000.00 (Average $17,824) JUST IN 1 HOUR!
History of Safety First Labor Laws Factory Act 1819 - Limited children to a max of 12 hours/day 1833 - Children under 9 banned from working in the textiles industry - 10-13 year olds 48 hours/week 1844 Max of 12 hours/day for Women 1847 - Max of 10 hours/day for Women and Children 1874 - No one allowed to work more than 56.5 hours/week
History of Safety Children in the Workplace Can You Imagine Your 8 year old working around unguarded, operating equipment? Your 12 year old working 60 hours a week in a mine shaft? Safety was non existent! Severe health hazards shortened your life! Things had to Change!
History of Safety History of Safety Industrial Revolution (1820-1850) Thousands died every month across the US Post Civil War (1861-1865) - Estimated 15,000 Railroad workers and Miners died 1891 1 st Mine Safety Regulation: Prevents Children under 12 from working in mines
History of Safety First Labor Safety Laws First Safety Legislation: 1877: Massachusetts passed first safety legislation 1890: Other states requiring safety controls 1914: California creates Industrial Safety Commission to enforce new regulations Tip: Employers shall adopt and use such practices, means, methods, operations and processes as are reasonably adequate to render such employment and places of employment safe and shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life and safety of such employees.
History of Safety Who said this? IT IS THE DUTY OF EVERY MAN TO PROTECT HIMSELF AND THOSE ASSOCIATED WITH HIM FROM ACCIDENTS WHICH MAY RESULT IN INJURY OR DEATH!
Construction Safety Today Construction Safety Today: 1,100 workers are killed each year in the Construction Industry, the highest of all industries. In contrast we average of 500 brave service men and women every year in Iraq!
Construction Safety Today
Construction Safety Today Construction Injuries The construction industry reported 202,200 work-related injuries in 2010. 70 percent of injuries fell into five categories: overexertion, same-level falls, bodily reaction, falls from heights, and struck by object. Falls continue to be the leading cause of death. Hispanic workers and Laborers are the most at risk.
Construction Safety Today Construction Safety Performance How We Compare Data for CPWR Construction Chart Book Only Italy & Spain are worse Canada is more than twice as safe WHY?
Construction Safety Today Chart data taken from CPWR Construction Chart Book
Construction Safety Today Fatality Rates by Industry Construction is #4 behind: Agriculture Mining Transportation Construction employ s 7% of US workforce but accounts for 22% of workplace fatalities.
Construction Safety Today 15
Construction Safety Today Fatality Rate by Trade Deaths per 100,000 workers Ironworkers 68.9 Roofers - 29.6 Laborers 25.5 Welders 21.0 Helpers 20.1 Foreman 11.1 100% of these Deaths were Preventable
Construction Safety Today
Construction Safety Today Deaths by Construction Trade 884 Laborers died on the job: 3 times closest trade (Carpenters) 9 times more than Ironworkers We must change the current safety culture We must improve our: Behaviors Attitudes Work Procedures
Construction Safety Today
General Duty Clause General Duty Clause Employee Responsibilities: Each Employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct. Workers can be held responsible for not following OSHA regulations.
What Causes Injuries What Causes Incidents & Injuries? Unsafe acts, and unsafe conditions are the most commonly used cause of incidents & injuries. UNSAFE ACTS/Behaviors- employees actions, movements, motions, acts of work UNSAFE CONDITIONS - Physical condition of the workplace, facility, equipment or tools
What Causes Injuries Definitions: Unsafe Act: Undesirable behavior that precedes an injury or incident Unsafe Condition: Unsatisfactory condition or that exist and contributes to an injury or incident Incident: Unplanned event that results in negative consequences Near Miss: Unplanned event that, except for luck, could have resulted in death, injury or damage
Unsafe Conditions So What Causes Unsafe Acts & Conditions? Unsafe conditions Categories Easily Recognizable We know what most of these are Common to most jobsites: If not corrected Standards & Regulations to control Focus of most training programs We know how to prevent these!
Unsafe Conditions #1. Fall protection 7,139 violations. Falls continue to be the leading cause of fatalities in construction #2. Scaffolding 7,069 violations. In 2010, 37 workers died from scaffolding-related incidents. #3. Hazard communication 6,538 violations. You have the right to know and identify hazards. #4. Respiratory protection 3,944 violations. #5. Lockout/tagout 3,639 violations #6. Electrical wiring methods 3,584 violations #7. Powered industrial trucks 3,432 violations #8. Ladders 3,244 violations. #9. Electrical general requirements 2,863 violations in 2009 1,600 nonfatal injuries were attributed to electrical shock. #10. Machine guarding 2,728 violations. 90 workers were killed in machinery and there were 5,930 occupational amputations reported.
Unsafe Conditions So What Causes Unsafe Acts & Conditions? What If? Unsafe Conditions Those conditions that may take 2 or more events to occur to create an unsafe condition These are more difficult to identify Takes construction experts, like you, to: Identify and mitigate before they claim a victim
Unsafe Conditions What If? Hazards: Typical What if Hazards #1: Handrails or barricading not installed on new stairwell #2: Power lines nearby without proper planning #3: Unsecured load on Forklift #1: http://www.osha.gov/oshdoc/da ta_fatalfacts/f-facts01.html #2: http://www.osha.gov/oshdoc/da ta_fatalfacts/f-facts11.html #3: http://www.osha.gov/oshdoc/da ta_fatalfacts/f-facts73.html
Unsafe Conditions Recognizing Unsafe Conditions Everyone's Responsible for Safety Not just the Safety Person You are empowered by OSHA to report unsafe conditions Everyone focused on safety gives the best results
Unsafe Conditions Preventing Unsafe Conditions Elements for correcting unsafe conditions: #1 - Recognize #2 - Evaluate #3 - Eliminate or Control #4 - Re-evaluate
Unsafe Conditions Preventing Unsafe Conditions Hazard Evaluations: Easy for the trained eye May take team effort for complex hazards Eliminate or Control with Best Known Practices Re-evaluate to ensure effectiveness Safety Professionals are invaluable resources
Unsafe Conditions What If? Hazards: Typical What if Hazards #4: Mechanical device becomes wedge and suddenly releases #5: Unsafe Excavation next to a brick wall #6: Steel Beam crushes worker #4: http://www.osha.gov/oshdoc/data_ FatalFacts/f-facts51.html #5: http://www.osha.gov/oshdoc/data_ FatalFacts/f-facts59.html #6: http://www.osha.gov/oshdoc/data_ FatalFacts/f-facts37.html
Unsafe Acts Why Unsafe Acts Occur Unsafe Acts Studies show direct correlation between: Unsafe Acts & Deaths/Disabling Injuries Reducing Unsafe Acts = Fewer Deaths We need YOUR buy-in to reduce unsafe acts!
Unsafe Acts Risk Taking Motivators Motivators Both Positive & Negative Positive Motivators Positive recognition and praise Working safely Following the rules Pointing out safety issues Coaching others in safe work practices
Unsafe Acts Negative Motivators Attitudes & Behaviors Negative Safety Attitudes = Unsafe Behaviors/Acts Unsafe Behaviors/Acts = Injury & Death 4-5 Construction Workers Die Every Workday
Unsafe Acts External Motivators Schedule Pressure Construction is a High Risk business Expected to be on time and with budget Exists on all projects
Unsafe Acts External Motivators Schedule & Cost Pressures Always Present Never Allowed to Compromise Safety Success Requires: Excellent Planning Dedicated Resources Effective Safety Leadership and Management
Unsafe Acts Risk Taking Motivators Negative Motivators: Negative Safety Attitude: Reasons behind dismal safety performance to date New Safety Goal Work Together to Eliminate Unsafe Acts & Conditions Lead the world in Construction Safety Performance
Unsafe Acts Construction Industry Slow to Change Some companies using outdated: Methods Materials Equipment Safety Management Philosophies Some Companies Get It when it comes to Safety!
Unsafe Acts Why Workers Take Risks Recent Interviews of hundreds of construction workers found that workers were exhibited unsafe behavior because of: Lack of safety expectations/awareness Macho attitudes Schedule pressures Co-worker attitudes Lack of management engagement & leadership
Unsafe Acts Why Workers Take Risks Unsafe or Increased Risk Behaviors are either: Allowed Encouraged Ignored Some companies and supervisors actually reward unsafe behaviors What else would cause good people to: Overlook or commit unsafe acts?
Changing the Culture Understanding Culture: A set of shared of Attitudes Values Goals and Practices Each add up to characterize a company or corporation.
Changing the Culture Understanding Safety Culture Safety Culture Defined An ever evolving and changing environment whose success is dependent upon: Management Leadership & Behavior, & Employee Behavior & Engagement
Changing the Culture What is Culture Culture is to a group as personality is to an individual. Cultural behaviors are learned from Beliefs Values and Shared assumptions Cultures, like humans, strive for Stability Consistency and Meaning. Mutual Trust & Respect is the foundation
Changing the Culture Culture Adaptation Cultural Adaptation: An evolutionary process by which humans modify habits and customs to fit in within existing norms Active leadership influences changes more rapidly Cultural Influence Positive or Negative Depends on the leader and the message
Changing the Culture Changing the Construction Culture To Change we need: Positive Role Models Coaches and Mentors Standardized Training Requirements Safe Work Procedures Safety Must Know NO Boundaries!
Changing the Culture ACTIONS BEHAVIORS INJURIES & INCIDENTS HIGHLY VISIBLE ATTITUDES POLICIES & PROCEDURES UNSAFE CONDITIONS TRUST BELIEFS VALUES INVISIBLE SAFETY CULTURE MOTIVATORS RESPECT PERCEPTIONS ASSUMPTIONS UNREPORTED INJURIES & INCIDENTS NORMS 45
Safety Leadership Skills Safety Leadership Skills Successful Safety Leaders Possess: Excellent People and communication skills Work to gain Trust & Respect of Others Share your Vision & Passion Always Role Model!
Safety Leadership Skills Engaging the Workforce Engaged in the safety program Volunteer to: Participate in safety committees Develop new safety programs Provide feedback on areas for improvement Show you care and are willing to make a difference
Safety Leadership Skills Effective Training Training must focus safe working methods Effective Training: Addresses the needs of the employees Explains Safety Requirements and Zero Tolerance details Require testing for comprehension Feedback from trainees to enable continuous improvement Take Training Seriously!
Safety Leadership Skills Best Known Methods Improve your methods thru Benchmarking: Competitors Trade Organizations: Government Agencies Fed & State OSHA WORKSAFE BC Consultants
Safety Leadership Skills Coaching Tips Set expectations for Safety Performance Recognize Safe Behaviors! Focus on the good things you see not just the negative. Coach Negative Behaviors! Be Consistent & Fair! Disciplinary actions may save their lives
Conclusion Changing the Culture Role of Management Your employer must: Provide a safe and healthful workplace Ensure safe work planning, methods and tools Provide adequate training and supervision Conduct field audits and solicit your safety input
Conclusion Changing the Culture Employee Responsibilities Summary Follow all safety procedures and be a safety role model Take the time to get involved in the safety program YOUR Safety and the safety of your CO-WORKERS there is nothing more important! Never take short cuts and seek to improve current work procedures! Ensure that you are always working in a safe manner and environment.
Conclusion Changing the Culture Which role will you assume in Cultural Change? Defend the Status Quo? Reluctant to React? Or Enthusiastically Participate in Changing the Culture? You must be the change you wish to see in the world. Mohandas Gandhi