National standards for nutrient contents in manure Germany Maximilian Hofmeier Julius Kühn-Institut, Braunschweig
Background Nutrient excretions of farm animals determine the fertilization value of animal manure affect the application rate of animal manure Exact knowlege of nutrients from farm animals is crucial for. the optimization of the fertilizer planning the calculation of nutrient balances National standards for nutrient excretion of farm animals are reported in the annex to the Fertilizer Application Ordinance and in the fertilizer recommendations of the Federal State Authorities... obtained from Arbeiten der DLG, Band 199
Methodology Mass balance approach Feed nutrient intake Nutrient excretion Nutrient retention by animal or animal products
Methodology Mass balance approach Feedstuff A, kg * nutrient content (N = raw protein : 6.25, P, K) + Feedstuff B, kg * nutrient content (N = raw protein : 6.25, P, K) = Feed nutrient intake (N, P, K) - Mass increase, kg * nutrient content (N = raw protein : 6.25, P, K) - Milk, kg * nutrient content (N = raw protein : 6.25, P, K) - Eggs, kg * nutrient content (N = raw protein : 6.25, P, K) - Wool, kg * nutrient content (N = raw protein : 6.25, P, K) = Nutrient excretion with faeces and urine (N, P, K)
Methodology Preconditions and assumptions Preconditions and assumptions for balance calculations Production methods based on good agricultural practice Standard values for nutrient contents in animals and animal products Standard values for nutrient contents in fodder
Methodology Categories Animal groups Category Sub-categories Cattle Pigs Poultry Sheep & Goats Other livestock Dairy Farming Cattle fattening Suckler cow husbandry Calf fattening calf rearing - heifers rearing - dairy production rose veal production - feeder rearing - calf fattening Sow keeping piglet production - specialized piglet raising - gilt breeding - gilt integration - boar keeping - pig fattening Egg production Poultry farming Lamb production Goat milk production Horse keeping Rabbit keeping Reserve game pullet breeding - laying hens broilers - turkey farming - duck farming - geese farming riding horses - riding ponies - breeding mare - rearing horses
Cattle - Dairy farming Sub- category Production method Nutrient excretion in kg N P K Calf rearing (younger than 16 wks, 80 kg gain per calf) per stable place and year 15.3 2.6 12.7 Heifers rearing (calving age 27 month, 580 kg gain per heifer) per livestock unit grassland farm conventional 135 42 181 extensive 122 40 161 mixed farm with pasture 111.4 37 150 animal housing 96.2 34 134 Dairy production (output related to 4% fat and 3.4% protein plus 0.9 calves) per stable place and year grassland farm 6.000 kg ECM 119 16.9 128.4 8.000 kg ECM 132 18.1 136.8 10.000 kg ECM 149 20.4 147.1 mixed farm 6.000 kg ECM 104 15.5 103.4 8.000 kg ECM 118 18.0 114.0 10.000 kg ECM 138 20.0 127.4 mixed farm (without pasture) 6.000 kg ECM 100 15.3 100.0 8.000 kg ECM 115 17.2 110.3 10.000 kg ECM 135 19.9 124.1
Mass balance Dairy production Production method grassland farm mixed farm Efficiency 8.000 kg ECM 8.000 kg ECM Feed expenses: (per cow and year) - grass t DM 1.6 1.0 - grass silage " 2.2 1.3 - maize silage ".7 2.2 - straw ".2.2 - soybean meal t.1.3 - wheat ".2.2 - MLF (18/3) " 1.7 1.5 - MLF (16/3) " - - - minerals " 0.015 0.025 Mass balance: kg/cow and year Nutrient N P K N P K - input 175.1 26.3 148.9 161.3 25.6 125.7 - output (product) 43.4 8.2 12.1 43.4 8.2 12.1 Standard excretion 131.7 18.1 136.8 117.9 17.4 113.6
Poultry - Egg production and poultry farming Sub-category Pullet breeding Laying hens Broilers Turkey farming Production method Nutrient excretion in g N P K per stable place and year 3.3 kg gain/animal; standard diet, 4 phases 286 88 106 4/5 phase feeding N-/P- reduced, 5 phases 244 57 102 per stable place and year 17.6 kg egg mass standard diet 786 208 299 N-/P- reduced 754 148 299 per stable place and year mast > 40 days; standard diet 469 107 198 2.2 kg gain/animal N-/P- reduced 403 80 198 mast 37-40 days; standard diet 392 93 177 2 kg gain/animal mast < 37 days; 1.7 kg gain/animal Increment 20.4 kg; duration 22 wks; consumption 56.8 kg Increment 10.9 kg; duration 17 wks; consumption 27.9 kg N-/P- reduced 333 69 177 standard diet 319 79 157 N-/P- reduced 266 57 157 per animal standard diet 973 283 417 N-/P- reduced 910 152 417 (partly) P-reduced 973 226 417 standard diet 564 147 224 N-/P- reduced 533 86 224 (partly) P-reduced 556 120 224
Mass balance Broilers Production method standard diet N-/P- reduced Efficiency 2.2 kg gain/animal; 14.2 kg gain per stable place and year Feed expenses (kg/animal): - starter 0.3 0.3 - mast 2.8 2.8 - final mast 1.1 1.1 Mass balance: g/stable place and year Nutrient N P K N P K - input 984 181 227 918 154 227 - output (product) 515 74 29 515 74 29 Standard excretion 469 107 198 403 80 198
Summary Background Annex of Fertilizer Application Ordinance Published in Arbeiten der DLG, Band 199 Methodology National standards for nutrient contents in manure are calculated via the mass balance approach Differentiated into production methods Production based on good agricultural practice Standard values for nutrient contents in animals and animal products Standard values for nutrient contents in fodder