Research Project Form (RPF-II) ( )

Research Project Form (RPF-II) (2007-08) (ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT OF RESEARCH PROJECTS) Part-I : General Information 600 Project Code : 6001 Institute Project Code No. : 6002 ICAR Project Code No. : 601 Name of the Institute and Division : National Centre for Integrated Pest Management (NCIPM), New Delhi 6011 Name and address of Institute : NCIPM, LBS Building, IARI Campus, New Delhi -110012 6012 Name of Division/Section : Entomology Unit 6013 Location of the Project : NCIPM, New Delhi 602 Project Title : Validation and Promotion of Biointensive IPM Technology in Selected Vegetable Crops Under Wide Area Approach 603 Priority Area : 6031 Research Approach: Applied Res./Basic Res./Process or Technol. / Transfer of Tech. :01 02 03 04 604 Specific Area : IPM in vegetable crops 605 Duration of Project : 3 years 6051 Date of start of project : April 2006 6052 Likely date of completion of Project : March 2009 6053 Period for which report submitted : 2007-08 606 Total cost of the project : Rs 25.40 lakhs 6061 Expenditure to date : Rs 17.00 lakhs (Approx.) 607 Summary Achievements:. The IPM technology for tomato crop comprising of healthy nursery using soil solarisation and mixing of Trichoderma along with FYM; application of neem cake @ 250 kg/ha, NSKE @ 5% /neem Baan, HaNPV, five releases of egg parasite Trichogramma brasiliensis based on pheromone monitoring and 1-2 sprays of chemical pesticides in the main crop was very effective in reducing the incidence of various pests and minimizing the yield losses. The adoption of IPM technology resulted in reduction of

number of pesticide sprays to 4.70 from 14.17 in non-ipm fields and with fruit yields of 74.38 in IPM and 45.56 t/ha in non-ipm fields in Daluhera (Meerut), respectively. A large increase in the bio-diversity i.e. of natural enemies viz. Coccinellids, syrphid fly and predatory spiders was also observed in IPM fields. Integrated nutrient management (INM) & IPM technology which included green manuring, application of FYM @ 20 tonnes/ha, seedling dip in Phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB), application of VAM around plants, erection of pheromone traps @ 12/ acre for shoot & fruit borer, application of neem cake, need based sprays of 5 % NSKE/Azadirachtin (neem Baan), releases of Trichogramma sp @ 1.5 lakh/ ha for shoot & fruit borer and clipping, collection & destruction of damaged shoots & fruits, though resulted in lower yields (341.2 & 290.64 q/ha) and so the lower CBR (1:1.72 & 1:1.47) in non-chemical (organic) trial than IPM (424.47 & 376.07 q/ha; 1:2.34 & 1:2.19) and Farmers Practices (381.2 & 334.05 q/ha; 1:2.06 & 1:1.89) ), but yielded clean & better quality produce as it did not contain any chemical and also increased bio-diversity through increase in natural enemies. 608 Key Words : IPM, Vegetable crops, nonchemical brinjal, Farmers participatory approach Part-II : Investigator Profile 610 Principal Investigator : Name : H.R. Sardana 6101 Designation : Senior Scientist 6102 Division/Section : Entomology 6103 Location : New Delhi 6105 Institute Address : NCIPM, LBS Building, New Delhi 611 Co-investigator : 6111 Name : O.M. Bambawale 6112 Designation : Director 6104 Division/Section : Pathology 6105 Location: : New Delhi 6115 Institute Address : NCIPM, LBS Building, New Delhi 612 Co-investigator 6121 Name : D.B. Ahuja

6122 Designation : Principal Scientist 6123 Division/Section : Entomology 6124 Location: : New Delhi 6125 Institute Address : NCIPM, LBS Building, New Delhi 614 Co-investigator 6141 Name : Vikas Kanwar 6142 Designation : Scientist, Sel. Grade 6143 Division/Section : Economics 6144 Location: : New Delhi 6145 Institute Address : NCIPM, LBS Building, New Delhi 615 Co-investigator 6151 Name : R.V. Singh 6152 Designation : Senior Scientist 6153 Division/Section : Extension 6154 Location: : New Delhi 6155 Institute Address : NCIPM, LBS Building, New Delhi 6161 Name : Naved Sabir 6162 Designation : Senior Scientist 6163 Division/Section : Nematology 6164 Location: : New Delhi 6165 Institute Address : NCIPM, LBS Building, New Delhi Part-III : Technical Details 620 Introduction and Objectives : The strategy for the pest management in vegetable crops particulary brinjal and tomato remains largely confined to pesticides. A great concern has already been shown regarding the hazardous effects of these chemicals on environment including human beings, mammals and non-target organisms i.e. pollinators.

Among vegetables, brinjal and tomato are the most popular and widely grown vegetables all over the country. Cultivation of brinjal and tomato in and around Delhi and continuous raising of short duration, off season hybrids/ varieties leads to build up of several insect pests and diseases like Hadda beetle, shoot & fruit borer & little leaf in brinjal and fruit borer, white fly, leaf miner and buck eye rot & leaf curl in tomato. It is not unusual for the farmers to spray pesticides once in 4 to 7 days on these crops in some areas and specific seasons. Fertiliser requirement for brinjal crop is 100 kg N, 60 kg P and 60 kg K per hectare. Vegetable growers of Raispur - Harsawan, apart from farming, keep animals and thus making the availability of plenty of surplus cow dung which can be productively utilized as manure in vegetables, particularly brinjal and can meet out the requirement of fertilizer. (FYM supplies about 0.5% N,.25 -.3% P and 0.25-0.3% K). There is enough scope for reduction in the number of pesticide sprays to zero level with the refinement of available technology i.e., by increasing the number of pheromone traps for mass trapping of L. orbonalis, neem sprays and bioagents; The project presently mainly focuses on the pest management through the judicious and need based use of eco-friendly, less hazardous pesticides coupled with other biological and cultural methods in brinjal and tomato crop with the main aim of reducing the dependence on pesticides. Objectives 1. Validation of deliverable bio-intensive IPM Technology in Selected Crops (initially okra, brinjal & tomato) under wide area approach 2. Validation and refinement of non-chemical IPM and INM technology for brinjal at selected farmers fields and to study the economic viability of the technology 3. Creation of Knowledge resources and database on IPM in selected Crops 4. Impact studies on socio-economic parameters of IPM adopted farming families 5. Promotion of adaptable IPM Technology under wide area approach 6201 Immediate objectives Validation of IPM technology in tomato at selected farmers fields. Refinement and validation of chemical free IPM and INM technology for brinjal. To create knowledge resource on pests & natural enemies of tomato To identify the socio-economic constraints faced by vegetable growers in adoption of pest management practices. 6202 Long term objectives Validation and adoption of IPM technology in non-chemical brinjal and tomato with increased yields and improved quality especially in terms of reduced pesticides contents

fairly in line towards gradually attaining the ideals of organic farming fetching higher price and increasing export value, thereby improving the socio-economic status of small and marginal farmers 6203 Specific objectives for the year as detailed in RPF-I: Validation of IPM technology in tomato at selected farmers fields. Refinement and validation of chemical free IPM and INM technology for brinjal. 621 Project Technical Profile 6211 Technical Programme (Indicate briefly plan of procedure, techniques, instruments and special materials, organisms, special environment etc.) : Development of linkage and identification of village: Initially linkages with collaborators i.e SVBPUA & T, Modipuram and associated KVK (Ghaziabad) were developed. Suitable IPM village was selected for tomato crop in Meerut District, however, for okra & brinjal validation was carried out only during 2006-07 in Mainapur- Sadarpur villages in 10 acres area each in Ghazibad District of Western UP. The following IPM interventions in non-chemical brinjal and tomato were validated during 2007-08 at Raispur and Daluhera, respectively. Non-chemical Technology for Brinjal Nursery raising Raised nursery beds and soil solarisation. 250 gm of Trichoderma viride will be mixed in FYM and left for seven days for enrichment of culture. It will be then mixed in the nursery soil in a bed of 3 m 2. Seed treatment with Germigold (Dissolve in water & filter) & shade drying Main Crop Growing of Dhaincha during summer & turning it in soil. Application of FYM @ 20 tonnes/ha fortified with Trichoderma sp.(@ 500 gm for 500 kg organic manure i.e. 8 kg for 8 tonnes) in the field Seedling dip in Phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) @ 1 kg / 10 litres of water (1/2 kg in 5 ltres of water in bucket). It will help solublise the phosphorus & faster uptake. Seedling dip with Pseudomonas fluroscens + Trichoderma sp Soil application of VAM around plants immediately after transplanting @ 4-5 kg /acre followed by light irrigation. Seedling inoculation with VAM for better colonization, plant growth and nutrient uptake especially phosphorus from deeper soil and improved yield. Nutragold organic manure application Erection of bird perches @ 10/ acre for facilitating field visits of predatory birds. Installation of delta and yellow sticky traps for hoppers, aphids and white fly.

Erection of pheromone traps @ 12/ acre for Leucinodes orbonalis. Soil application of neem cake @ 500 kg/ ha (in two splits) along the plant rows at 25 and 60 days after transplanting Need based sprays of 5 % NSKE against leaf hoppers, aphids and mites Periodic releases of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma sp @ 1.5 lakh/ ha for shoot & fruit borer. Collection and destruction of egg masses, larvae and adults of hadda beetle Clipping of borer damaged shoots and collection & destruction of damaged fruits. Rouging out of little leaf affected plants. Main IPM Options for Tomato Nursery Preparation of raised seed bed of 15 cm height Soil solarization for 3 weeks using transparent polythene sheet of 45 um thickness. Grow leaf curl resistant hybrid/varieties Seed/soil treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4g/ kg of seed & FYM @ 1 kg/t. Use of nylon nets to prevent entry of white fly etc. Main field Wide spacing @ 90 x 60 cm Dip seedling roots for 15 minutes in imidacloprid @ 0.5 ml/l before transplanting. Transplant 1 row of marigold as trap crop/14 rows of tomato. Application of neem products (preferably neem cake) in the planting furrows to avoid nematode pests Spray imidacloprid/ thiomethoxam @ 0.5 ml/l at 15 DAP for whitefly or 5% NSKE/ neem Baan at 15 DAP against leaf-miner. Installation of pheromone traps @ 5/ha at 20 DAP for monitoring of H. armigera Monitor top three leaves for Helicoverpa eggs at flowering. Release of T. pretiosum @ 1.0 lakh/ha six times after appearance of adults. Spray of NSKE 5%/ neem Baan at 15 DAP against leaf miner Spray of HaNPV 250 LE/ha or neem soap 3 times at 28, 35 and 42 DAP. Regular collection & destruction of damaged fruits. Spray of endosulfan @ 650 g a.i./ha against H. armigera. Destruction of leaf-curl disease and wilt affected plants. Spray 0.02% mancozeb/captan for the control of early and late blight. Nursery transplanted by selected farmers initially in an area of about ten acres each for validation of the IPM technology. All agronomic practices were followed as per the recommendations for the area and as followed by farmers. For raising chemical free (organic) brinjal, in the current year 2007-08, all the components as mentioned above were validated in an area of about 2 acres in village Raispur in Ghazi bad District during 2007-08 season. In the vicinity of the project area;

another 2 acres area each was taken for comparison as IPM and Farmers Practices (FP). Collection of Information on baseline on farming families of adopted village was ensured. Man months involvement of component Project workers for the specified year. 20 Man months 622 Progress of work 6221 Achievements in terms of targets fixed for each Activity Target: Validation of IPM & INM Technology for brinjal Non-chemical (Organic) The successful validation of the IPM technology in brinjal in Raispur, which had for three consecutive years ( 2004-5, 2005-06 and 2006-07) resulted in the reduction of pesticides sprays to only one or two, with its further refinement and productive utilization of plenty of surplus FYM available in the village, emboldened us to take nonchemical (organic) brinjal trial in about 2 acres area during 2006-07. The trials were repeated with the new farmers in the same village during 2007-08. Integrated nutrient management (INM) & integrated pest management (IPM) technology which included growing of green gram was replaced with Dhaincha in during summer & turning it in soil, application of FYM @ 20 tonnes/ha fortified with Trichoderma sp., seed treatment with germigold; seedling dip before transplanting in Phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB), soil application of VAM around plants after transplanting, soil application of Nutragold as manure; erection of bird perches, delta and yellow sticky traps & pheromone traps @ 12/ acre for shoot & fruit borer, soil application of neem cake, need based sprays of 5 % NSKE, releases of Trichogramma sp @ 1.5 lakh/ ha for shoot & fruit borer and clipping, collection & destruction of damaged shoots & fruits, though resulted in lower yields though resulted in lower yields (341.2 & 290.64 q/ha) and so the lower CBR (1:1.72 & 1:1.47) in non-chemical (organic) trial than IPM (424.47 & 376.07 q/ha; 1:2.34 & 1:2.19) and Farmers Practices (381.2 & 334.05 q/ha; 1:2.06 & 1:1.89) (Table 1 & 2), but yielded clean & better quality produce as it did not contain any chemical. It also resulted in clean environment, increase in bio-diversity (natural enemies and soil flora & fauna) and non-pollution of underground water as a result of non-use of any chemical fertilizer or pesticide. Table 1: Pest and natural enemy scenario in non-chemical IPM & INM in brinjal during 2006-07 & 2007-08 Pest/disease 2006-07 2007-08 Organic IPM FP Organic IPM FP Leaf folder/plant 0.24 0.21 0.76 - - -

Hadda beetle/plant 0.20 0.20 0.98 0.26 0.20 0.64 Leaf hopper/leaf 4.87 0.54 0.80 3.41 0.73 0.92 Aphids/leaf 1.30 0.54 0.88 16.30 3.89 6.54 Shoot & fruit borer 20.0 13.28 20.62 30.60 16.8 26.49 (%) 0 Little leaf (%) 0.70 0.25 0.32 0.45 0.44 0.56 Natural enemies Coccinellids/plant 12.31 5.95 0.89 18.31 8.95 1.07 Chrysoperla/plant 2.89 1.28 0.10 2.04 1.68 0.12 Predatory 3.63 1.50 0.18 3.42 1.28 0.18 spiders/plant Table 2: Economic analysis of non-chemical IPM & INM in brinjal during 2006-07 & 2007-08 Parameter 2006-07 2007-08 Yield (q/ha) Cost of cultivation Gross returns (Rs/ ha) 85300.0 Net returns (Rs/ ha) C:B ratio Organic IPM FP Organi c IPM 341.2 424.47 381.2 290.64 376.07 334.05 31370.0 31690.3 31078.7 106116. 3 95300.0 53930.0 74426.3 54221.2 Average price of brinjal = Rs 2.5 /kg 29347. 0 72660. 0 43313. 0 FP 29472.0 28933.8 94019.0 83612.0 64547.0 54685.0 1:1.72 1:2.34 1:2.06 1:1.47 1:2.19 1:1.89 Target: Validation of IPM in Tomato IPM technology comprising of raised seed bed, soil solarisation, mixing of Trichoderma and neem cake in soil and growing leaf curl resistant hybrid/varieties in nursery and wide spacing @ 150 x 60 cm, marigold as trap crop, pheromone traps @ 5/ha, release of T. pretiosum @ 1.0 lakh/ha, spray of NSKE 5% and HaNPV 250 LE/ha, regular destruction of borer damaged fruits & leaf-curl affected plants and need based application of biopesticides like Proclaim was validated in 10 acres area in 10 acres area in Daluhera, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh in collaboration with SVBPUA & T, Modipuram. Aphids, cut worms, fruit borer as major insect pests and leaf curl and late blight as major diseases have been identified. Results are being presented below in Table 3.

Table 3: Pest status & economics of tomato IPM at Daluhera (Meerut) during 2006-07 Parameter IPM Non-IPM Fruit borer (%) 1.41 9.33 Leaf curl (%) 0.88 12.23 Number of sprays 4.70 14.17 Yield (Q/ha) 74.38 45.56 Fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera incidence in tomato crop IPM fields was 1.41 % while it was higher (9.33%) in non-ipm fields. Similarly leaf curl disease incidence (%) was higher i.e. 12.23 in Farmers Practices (FP) while it was lower and barest minimum 0.88% in IPM fields. Implementation of IPM technology helped in reduction of number of chemical pesticide sprays to 4.70 as against 14.17 in non-ipm fields. There was wide variation in the yield in IPM (74.38 q/ha) & Farmers Practices (45.56 q/ha) Fields (FP). This indicated the effectiveness of IPM in increasing the yield in addition to the reduced pesticide crop produce. Target: Promotion of IPM Technology IPM promotional activities were carried out by regularly visiting the adopted fields, organizing the Farmers Field Schools (FFS s), Display of Visual-Aids and publicity through print & electronic media etc. Target: Software Development: Pest Management Information System (PMIS) During the year 2007-08, in Pest Management Information System (PMIS) series, PMIS on tomato was developed and released. PMIS is Generic software, covers all aspects of tomato production, insects, diseases, nematodes, weeds, natural enemies, varietal information, IPM packages and statistical status. The software is useful for all tomato growing areas of Western UP, Haryana and Punjab. 6222 Questions- Answered Whether technology is sustainable? Yes Whether IPM technology has reduced the pesticide consumption: Yes Whether crop yields have increased after adoption of IPM technology: Yes

6223 Process/Product/Technology/Developed during the year. Utility of results obtained so far: Farmers Participatory Technology on IPM in tomato & non-chemical technology for Brinjal developed. Technology has resulted in minimizing the usage of pesticides in these crops and raised the socio- economic status of the vegetable growers in the area. More & more area in vegetable crops particularly brinjal (non-chemical) and tomato is being brought under the IPM technology in the region indicating the acceptance of the technology by the farmers. 623 Publications and Material Development: 6231 Research papers : i) Validation of non-chemical IPM and INM technology for brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) through farmers participatory approach 6232 Popular articles & Folders : i) Integrated pest management strategies for tomato & cabbage ii) IPM in brinjal through Farmers Participatory Approach -- A Success Story 6233 Software : Two i) Pest Management information System (PMIS) in tomato 6234 Reports : Nil 6235 Seminars and workshops (relevant to the project) in which the scientists have participated. : i) All India Coordinated Research Improvement Project on Vegetable Crops held at HAU, Hissar during May 2007 and during Feb 2008 held at OAU & T, Bhubneshawar. ii) National Conference on `Income enhancement and Nutritional Security through Horticulture during July 2007 held at NCUI Complex at New Delhi. 625 Infrastructural facilities developed : --

Part-IV : Project Expenditure (Summary) Year - 2007-08 630 Recurring Expenditure (Rs in lakhs) Salaries : (Designation with pay scale) i) Scientific 5.40 ii) Technical - ii) Supporting - iv) Wages 0.25 Sub Total 5.65 6302 Consumables I) Chemicals ii) Glasswares iii) Others Sub Total - 6303 Travel 1.0 6304 Miscellaneous (seed cost, fertilizer) (Other costs) 0.20 6305 Sub Total (Recurring) 6.85 631 Non-Recurring Expenditure - (Equipments) I) ii) iii) 632 Total (630 and 631): 6.85 Lakhs

Signatures of the Project Investigator and Co-investigators 1. H.R. Sardana (Principal Investigator) 2. O.M. Bambawale (Co-Investigator) 3. D.B. Ahuja (Co-Investigator) 4. Naved Sabir (Co-investigator) 5. Vikas Kanwar (Co-investigator) 6. R.V. Singh (Co-investigator) Signature & Comments of the Director