Adaptation planning at different spatial scales

Adaptation planning at different spatial scales Using TCPA Publication Adaptation by Design as the main source GerGerry Metcalf UKCIP

UKCIP

Key adaptation principles for planning UKCIP Seek opportunities to incorporate adaptation measures into new and existing developments Work in partnership with communities Incorporate flexibility to deal with changing risks Understand existing vulnerabilities to climate and identify critical thresholds Identify key climate risks using the latest climate change projections Adopt a sequential and risk-based approach to development decisions Review your strategy regularly

Key adaptation principles for planning UKCIP Do nothing this may be an appropriate response to low priority impacts or situations where climate risks are outweighed by nonclimate factors No regret options will deliver benefits that exceed their costs, whatever the extent of climate change Low regret low-cost options that have potentially large benefits in future Win-win options are ones that contribute to desired outcomes (be they environmental, social or economic), and also improve your ability to adapt to climate risks Avoid actions that will make it more difficult to cope with climate risks in the future

Adaptation planning at different spatial UKCIP scales Conurbation or catchment scale Offers opportunities for integrated approaches to adaptation covering a mix of land uses over large areas Neighbourhood scale Discrete groups of dwellings or mixed use buildings. Needs consideration of adapting the public realm and spaces between buildings Building scale Smaller developments and individual buildings. Needs consideration of design of the building, its surroundings and how it is used and managed

high temperatures Conurbation/catchment solar control - includes shading and building morphology increasing evaporative cooling green infrastructure use of open water and water features ground water cooling using aquifers or surface water cooling Neighbourhood cool or reflective building materials on roofs or facades cool pavement materials increasing ventilation through orientation and urban morphology Building building envelope insulation active or mechanical cooling thermal storage or thermal mass

high temperatures Neighbourhood cool or reflective building materials on roofs or facades cool pavement materials increasing ventilation through orientation and urban morphology

high temperatures Building building envelope insulation active or mechanical cooling thermal storage or thermal mass

flood risks Conurbation/catchment diversion of flood flows away from vulnerable areas flood attenuation and temporary water storage, including use of green space source control, e.g. upland management permanent defences and hard barriers managed re-alignment SUDS Neighbourhood widening drains to increase capacity green space and roofs to reduce speed of runoff managing flood pathways to cope with heavy rainfall events secondary flood defences SUDS Building green roofs to reduce runoff speed managing flood pathways and removing pinch-points flood resilient measures, e.g. raising floor levels flood resilient materials removable household products

flood risks Neighbourhood widening drains to increase capacity green space and roofs to reduce speed of runoff managing flood pathways to cope with heavy rainfall events secondary flood defences SUDS

flood risks Building green roofs to reduce runoff speed managing flood pathways and removing pinch-points flood resilient measures, e.g. raising floor levels flood resilient materials removable household products

water resources and quality Conurbation/catchment creative use of wastewater abstraction controls and licensing greater use of separate surface and foul water drainage systems effective storm overflow management tighter water efficiency standards upland and lowland reservoirs Neighbourhood rainwater harvesting and storage grey water recycling low water demand planting for green spaces effective storm overflow management managing point source pollution SUDS Building rainwater harvesting and storage grey water recycling Water efficient fixtures and fittings SUDS

water resources and quality Neighbourhood rainwater harvesting and storage grey water recycling low water demand planting for green spaces effective storm overflow management managing point source pollution SUDS

water resources and quality Building rainwater harvesting and storage grey water recycling Water efficient fixtures and fittings SUDS

ground conditions Conurbation/catchment development of coastal evolution and landslide risk maps development of risk assessment methodologies strategic monitoring to assess land use management e.g. vegetative slopes managed realignment Neighbourhood structural changes and improvements to surface protection re-grading and reinforcing slopes vegetation management surface erosion controls improved retaining structures improved drainage and maintenance SUDS Building improved building foundations underpinning into more stable soils vegetation management infill of foundations re-grading and reinforcing slopes retaining walls with drainage to reduce risks of erosion SUDS

ground conditions Neighbourhood structural changes and improvements to surface protection re-grading and reinforcing slopes vegetation management surface erosion controls improved retaining structures improved drainage and maintenance SUDS

ground conditions Building improved building foundations underpinning into more stable soils vegetation management infill of foundations re-grading and reinforcing slopes retaining walls with drainage to reduce risks of erosion SUDS

Adaptation planning at different spatial scales WORKSHOP Gerry Gerry Metcalf UKCIP

Adaptation planning at different spatial UKCIP scales Levers, influence and policies We have identified some of the physical adaptation strategies that might be deployed in response to different climatic conditions We will now consider the mechanisms available to spatial planners to encourage or require such adaptations to be implemented. Working in table groups consider the adaptation responses indicated on each slide, discuss implications for policy and DC. and suggest ways in which they could be encouraged.

flood risks Neighbourhood widening drains to increase capacity green space and roofs to reduce speed of runoff managing flood pathways to cope with heavy rainfall events secondary flood defences SUDS

high temperatures Neighbourhood cool or reflective building materials on roofs or facades cool pavement materials increasing ventilation through orientation and urban morphology

high temperatures Building building envelope insulation active or mechanical cooling thermal storage or thermal mass

flood risks Neighbourhood widening drains to increase capacity green space and roofs to reduce speed of runoff managing flood pathways to cope with heavy rainfall events secondary flood defences SUDS

water resources and quality Building rainwater harvesting and storage grey water recycling Water efficient fixtures and fittings SUDS

SUDS and Green infrastructure

Local authority responsibilities UKCIP Climate Change Act 2008 (Part 4) Adaptation Reporting Authorities (so far no planning authorities) Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 Section 39 - Sustainable Development Planning Act 2008 Section 182 - Development plan documents: climate change policies Development plan documents must (taken as a whole) include policies designed to secure that the development and use of land in the local planning authority's area contribute to the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change. Flood and Water Management Act 2010 Section 9 - local flood risk management strategies and co-operation

The shape of the Local Plan UKCIP in the draft NPPF Local plans should be prepared on the basis that objectively assessed development needs should be met An evidence base adequate, up-to-date and relevant evidence about economic, social and environmental characteristics and prospects take full account of relevant market and economic signals such as land prices to inform judgements about levels of demand Specifically in relation to climate change infrastructure assess the quality and capacity of transport, water, energy, telecommunications, utilities, health and social care, waste and flood defence infrastructure and ability to meet forecast demands take account of the need for nationally significant infrastructure

What the NPPF says about adaptation? UKCIP Presumption in favour of sustainable development (para 13-18) the answer to development and growth should wherever possible be yes, except where this would clearly conflict with other aspects of national policy Core planning principles (para 19) genuinely plan-led.. Encourage multiple benefits of land use for carbon storage, flood risk management and recreation Duty to co-operate (para 44-47) Public bodies to co-operate on strategic issues, which include delivering on climate change mitigation and adaptation, energy and infrastructure requirements Planning for places (pp. 42-45) Chapter on Climate Change, Flooding and Coastal Change

UKCIP Case study: Adaptation Action Plan in the planning process London Borough of Sutton Site specific adaptation policies for the growth and regeneration of Hackbridge sustainable neighbourhood Implementation of green and blue space adaptation measures 50

UKCIP GRaBS Green and Blue Space Adaptation for Urban Areas and Eco-towns to ensure existing and new mixed use urban development is adapted to the impact of climate change through improving local and regional planning policy to put in place green and blue Infrastructure; and to facilitate the much needed exchange of knowledge and experience and the actual transfer of good practice on climate change adaptation strategies to local and regional authorities across Europe 5 Key objective 1. increase partner expertise on use of green and blue infrastructure 2. identify and influence regional planning policy and delivery mechanisms for adaptation 3. develop and use a risk and vulnerabilities assessment tool 4. develop regional and local adaptation action plans including a high level policy statement 5. improve community awareness and engagement in planning process

AAP guidance UKCIP A key output is that each partner will produce an Adaptation Action Plan (AAP), which will include a High Level Policy Statement The High Level Policy Statement will address regional policies and deliver adaptation actions at the regional and local level Each Adaption Action Plan will contain a SWOT analysis, the results generated by the Climate Risk Assessment Tool and a list of actions, delivery mechanisms and measurable targets to implement green and blue infrastructure

GRaBS Mapping Tool UKCIP Used for e.g.: AAP development, community engagement events, mapping vulnerable groups and infrastructure The User Guidance takes users through three story-lines: The first storyline is based on the risk of river flooding to people in a local authority The second storyline helps to assess social infrastructure for a regional authority The third storyline helps assess the risk of high temperatures to people in a local area http://www.grabs-eu.org/assessment.php

Tool Vulnerability Index. People and Flooding UKCIP

Tool Mapping Critical Social Infrastructure with climate risks UKCIP

SUDS Sustainable drainage systems UKCIP Some key principles storing runoff and releasing it slowly (attenuation) allowing water to soak into the ground (infiltration) Slowly transporting (conveying) water on the surface filtering out pollutants allowing sediments to settle out by controlling the flow of the water Source: http://www.ciria.com/suds/suds_principles.htm

Guidance on SUDS UKCIP Planning for SuDS making it happen CIRIA C687

UKCIP

Green infrastructure UKCIP

Connections between natural interventions UKCIP and social, economic and biodiversity benefits

UKCIP

Adaptation Action Planning Cycle UKCIP

Stage 1: Baseline review Do we have the right evidence? UKCIP A description of the area to which the AAP relates. A description of climate change impacts projected to affect the area. Identification of vulnerable elements (communities, health and mobility issues, infrastructure, etc.) particularly at risk from climate change impacts. Organisational strengths and weaknesses related to the development of climate change adaptation responses such as knowledge, responsibility and capacity. External opportunities and threats relevant to the partner producing a climate change AAP. Identification of existing organisational and policy conditions and capacity.

Stage 2: UKCIP Explore opportunities & constraints Building adaptive capacity : Policy measures Operational measures Can we get the communities buy-in? Communities that ignore the challenge will find the cost of impacts and of insurance rising sharply, threatening their economic and social fabric. Delivering adaptation action: design and development measures that can be implemented in practice TCPA, Adaptation by design guide

Stage 3: Agree aims and objective UKCIP Can we get the right policies? Proactive and positive policies: Local planning authorities should set out how new development should be planned to avoid significant vulnerability to impacts arising from changes in the climate, Good site selection at the planmaking stage is critical Clear message that new development should be low-carbon development and well adapted to the impacts of climate change