1. INTRODUCTION Executive Summary 1.1 Background: M/s. Jindal Electricity Generation (P) Limited was promoted by Sri Omprakash Agrawal & Associates having other business in the area. 1.2 Proposed Project: has proposed to install a 8 MW power plant to generate power utilizing agro industrial residue namely rice husk as the main fuel and straw of paddy, wheat, chana, masoor, stalk of moong, tuwar, maize & Coal as the supplementary fuels. The power generated will be sold to third parties through the CSEB grid. The plant will be located at Tehsil: Mahasamund, District: Mahasamund in the state of Chhattisgarh. 1.3 Objective of the study: This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is prepared for obtaining the Environmental Clearance (EC) from Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, New Delhi, for the proposed 8 MW Biomass based Power Plant. Considering the above points, Environmental Impact Assessment report has been prepared along with Environment Management Plan (EMP) for various environmental components, which may be affected due to the proposed Power Plant. The Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan have also been prepared to meet the eventualities during operation of the plant. This EIA Report covers the primary data collected during the period September 2007 to December 2007 covering summer season. have prepared Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) report for the proposed 8 MW Biomass based Power Plant at Tehsil: Bagbahera, District: Mahasamund in the state of Chhattisgarh by incorporating Terms of ES: 1
References (TORs) approved by Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF) New Delhi. The report contains detailed description of the following, a. Detailed characterization of status of environment with in an area of 10 km radius from the proposed plant site for major environmental components including air, water, noise, soil, flora, fauna and socioeconomic environment. b. Assessment of air emissions, liquid waste and solid waste from the proposed expansion project along with the noise level assessment. c. Pollution control measures proposed to be adopted. 1.4 Environmental Setting: The environmental setting of the proposed plant is given in Table-1. Table-1 - Environmental Setting of the proposed site Sr. No. Particulars Details 1. Location : a. Village : Maulimoda b. Tehsil : Mahasamund c. District : Mahasamund d. State : Chhattisgarh e. Latitude : 21 o 07 63 f. Longitude : 82 o 27 08 g. Water Source : Bore Well 2. Elevation above Mean Sea Level : 362 m 3. Nearest National Highway : National Highway 217 4. Nearest Railway station : Bagbahera 7 km 5. Nearest Airport : Raipur -90 km 6. Tourist Places : No 7. Archaeological important places : Nil 8. Ecological Sensitive Areas (Wildlife Sanctuaries) : Nil ES: 2
9. Reserved/Protected Forest within 10-km : Nil radius 10. Industries in 10-km radius : 04 Small Rice Mill 11. Nearest Town/City : Mahasamund at 33 km 12. Nearest Villages : Maulimoda at about 500 m 13. Nearest River : Jonk River - 9.5 km - SE 14. Nearest Lakes/Reservoir/Dams : Lakhmipur Reservoir 6.5km 15. Nearest Hill Ranges : Nil 16. Seismic Zone : Zone-II as per IS-1893 (Part-1)-2002 17. Defense Installation : Nil 2. DETAILS ABOUT THE PROJECT SITE 1. The plant site is located at Tehsil: Mahasamund, District: Mahasamund in the state of Chhattisgarh. 2. The nearest railway facility is available at Bagbahera, which is about 7.0 Km. from the proposed project site. The nearest airport is Raipur, which is about 90 km from the proposed project site. 3. The power generated in the plant will be wheeled to Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board Grid to export power to third parties. 4. Bhadarsi, Komakhan, Maulimoda, Parkipali, Saurmar, Baijhar, Bhilaidadar etc., are the near by habitations to the existing plant. 5. Total land is sufficient for installation is about 18548 sq m but project proponent had purchased about 32375 sq m. 6. The average annual rainfall in the area is 1300 mm. 7. 04 rice mills have been observed with in 10 km radius of the proposed project site. 8. The major crops in the study area are Paddy, etc. ES: 3
2.1 RAW MATERIALS The following will be the raw material requirement for the proposed power plant. Sr. No. Item Gross requirement Percentage 1. Rice Husk and other biomass 77050 TPA 100% fuels 2. Rice Husk and other biomass 61975TPA 80% fuels 2 Coal 13853 TPA 20% All the raw materials will be transported through Road under covered trucks only. 2.2 Process Flow of the Power Plant Raw fuel from the collection points will be transported to the power plant, where fuel will be weighed and stored in fuel storage yard near boiler house. Fuel fed into the boiler will be burnt directly in the combustion chamber / furnace of the boiler through pressurized air from the PA fan, to generate high pressure and high temperature steam. Steam generated by boiler will be supplied to steam turbine where all the thermal energy available in the high-pressure steam will be converted into mechanical energy. The high pressure & high temperature steam after utilizing the thermal energy in the steam turbine becomes low pressure and low temperature steam with a small amount of remaining thermal energy. Condensing system includes a Surface condenser, condensate extraction pumps, steam ejectors etc. The feed water gets heated in the boiler to form high pressure and high temperature super heated steam. Ash generated in the boiler after burning the fuel will be collected in ash hoppers located at the bottom of the furnace, economizer, air pre-heater & ESP. This ash will be removed through pneumatic ash handling system to the ash silo, which is also located near the boiler. Ash from ash silo through ash conditioner will be transported outside the plant using trucks. Complete system, which includes rotary air lock valves, air compressor, air receiver, ash silo, ash ES: 4
conditioner etc. constitutes ash-handling system. Other systems required for power plant include Circulating cooling water system, DM Plant, Instrument air compressor system etc. Circulating water system will be used to condense exhaust steam after passing through turbine rotor. DM Water system is used to feed make up water for boiler to compensate the losses associated with boiler operation. 2.2.1 Fuel Handling System: One number fuel bunker with screw / rotary feeder at the bunker bottom is envisaged near boiler to feed the fuel into the boiler. Bunker will be designed for 2 hrs storage capacities for biomass fuel. Belt conveyors are envisaged to convey fuel-to-fuel hoppers. 2.2.2 Boiler: The boiler shall be designed for firing biomass such as Rice husk and Straws of paddy, wheat, chana, tiwra, masoor etc. Stalk of Moong, Tuwar, Maize etc. and also Coal. The super-heater outlet steam will have a pressure of 67 ata and a temperature of 485 o C. Process Flow Diagram ES: 5
2.2.3 Turbo-generator: The proposed biomass power plant, will be with one 8 MW turbogenerator. The turbine will be a reaction type, single extraction cum condensing type and running at a high speed. The generator speed will be 1500 rpm. Hence, the turbine will be coupled with the generator through a reduction gear unit. 2.2.4 Electro Static Precipitator The boiler will be equipped with an Electro Static Precipitator, which will remove the dust and ash particles from the flue gas, before the ID fan could handle it. The efficiency of the precipitator will be 99.9% and the dust concentration at the outlet of the ESP will be 50 mg/nm 3 2.3 Water and Waste Water Requirement: 2.3.1 Water Requirement and Source Total raw water requirement for the plant has been estimated at 655 M 3 /day including Domestic consumption. This includes water for Make-up water for Cooling tower Make-up for Boiler water, Resin Regeneration water, dust suppression, and domestic water. Water requirement for the proposed project will be met from the borewells located within the premises. Table-2 -Water Consumption Sr. Water Consumption Item No. (M 3 / Day) A. Domestic 48 B. Boiler 24 C. Cooling 520 D. Resin Regeneration 08 E. Horticulture 25 F. Dust suppression/ Spraying 30 G. Total 655 ES: 6
2.3.2 Waste Water Generation: The total quantity of effluents generated from the proposed project will be 140 M 3 /day. The following is the break-up of the wastewater generation from the proposed project. Sr. No. Item Table-3- Effluent Generation: Effluent Generation Treatment and disposal (M 3 / Day) A. Domestic 30 Treated through Septic Tanks & Soak pits The boiler will be neutralized through B. Boiler 02 neutralization tanks and mixed with Cooling tower Blowdown and recycles to D.M Plant C. Cooling 100 Neutralized in neutralization pit and afterward passed through pressure filters and go to D.M. plant for mixing with raw water D. Resin Regeneration 08 Neutralized in separate neutralization pit, reused for dust suppression/ spraying system. E. Horticulture --- --- F. Dust suppression/ Spraying --- --- G. Total 140 --- From the above-mentioned table it is cleared that there is no effluent generation from the Operational as well as Domestic Activities. Hence the Zero Discharge condition will be maintained all the time throughout year. 2.3.3 Waste water Characteristics The following are the Characteristics of the effluents generated from different sources. ES: 7
Table-4 - CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFLUENT CONCENTRATION PARAMETER DM plant regeneration Boiler Blowdown Cooling Tower Blowdown Sanitary waste water ph 4 10 9.5 10.5 7.0 8.0 7.0 8.5 BOD (mg/l) 5000 6000 1000 1000 200 250 COD (mg/l) -- -- -- 300 400 TDS (mg/l) -- -- -- 800 900 2.4 Ash Handling & Disposal Collection/ Transportation: The Ash collected in Hoppers of ESP is pneumatically conveyed to Silo Area for temporary storage. Storage: The Ash generated from the power plant is stored in SILO having storage capacity of 75 cum Disposal: It is proposed to use the ash profitably by selling the same for brick manufacturing units. Further project proponent is having 2 acres of land at about 2.5 km away from the proposed plant which low lying in nature. The ash may also be used for filling of low-lying area of the said land 3.0 SOURCE OF POLLUTION & CONTROL MEASURES 3.1 AIR POLLUTION The flue gases coming from Boilers will pass through state-of-the art Electro Static Precipitator. The particulate matter at the outlet of all the Electro Static Precipitators will be less than 50 mg/nm 3 as per CREP recommendations. These treated gases will be let out into the atmosphere through stack of 59 m height for effective dispersion of pollutants into the atmosphere. The following measures will be taken for control of fugitive emissions Dust extraction system with bag filters & Water Sprinkling system will be provided at material handling & raw material storage areas. ES: 8
All Conveyors will be totally covered with GI sheets to prevent the fugitive emissions. 3.2 Water Pollution The total wastewater generated will be 140 M 3 /day. The generated effluent will be treated in well-designed treatment system and treated effluent will be fully recycled within plant premises. No effluent will be discharged outside the plant premises. Effluent Treatment Scheme The effluent generated from the proposed project will be treated in the following manner. The Cooling Tower Blowdown is neutralized in another neutralization pit and afterward passed through pressure filters and go to a Central Monitoring Basin (CMB) from where it will mix with raw water and goes to D.M. Plant. ph of the boiler blowdown will be between 9.5 to 10.5. Hence a neutralization tank of size 3m x 2m x 3 m will be constructed for neutralizing the boiler blow down. The treated Boiler blowdown will be mixed with Cooling tower Blowdown and mixed with treated cooling blowdown in Central Monitoring Basin (CMB) and goes to D.M. Plant. DM plant regeneration water will also be neutralized in the neutralization tank of 2m x 2m x 3m. afterward treated effluent will be used for dust suppression and ash conditioning. The domestic effluent is passed through Septic Tanks and Soak pits for the treatment and effluent remains after Soak Pits (if any) will be utilized for Green belt development within the premises. No effluent will be let out of the plant premises. Hence Zero discharge concept will be implemented. A dedicated pipe distribution network will be provided for using the treated effluent for ash conditioning, dust suppression & green belt development. The characteristics of the treated effluent will be in accordance with the CECB Standards for land irrigation. Hence there will not be any impact on ground water quality / surface water due to the proposed Project. ES: 9
3.3 Solid Waste Management Ash will be generated as the results of operation of proposed power plant. The following table depicted the total quantity of the ash generation: Table- 5 Total Rice Husk consumed (100%) : 230 TPD Total Rice Husk consumed (80%) : 185 TPD Ash Contents in Rice Husk : 15.01% Total Coal consumed (20%) : 41.35 TPD Ash Contents in Coal : 40% Total Ash Generated (TPD) From Rice Husk (100%) : 34.52TPD From Rice Husk (80%) : 27.76 TPD From Coal (20%) : 16.54 TPD It is proposed to use the ash profitably by selling the same for brick manufacturing units. Further project proponent is having 2 acres of land at about 2.5 km away from the proposed plant which low lying in nature. The ash may also be used for filling of low-lying area of the said land 3.0 BASELINE DATA 3.1 Ambient air quality Ambient air quality was monitored for RPM, SPM, SO 2 & NOx at 07 stations including project site for one season as per MOEF guidelines. The following are the concentrations of various parameters at the monitoring stations. RPM - 36.4 to 43.3 µg/m 3 SPM - 108.5 to 126.6 µg/m 3 SO2-6.4 to 7.6 µg/m 3 NOx - 8.8 to 16.6 µg/m 3 ES: 10
3.2 Water quality Ground water samples were collected at 7 stations along with 2 surface water samples and analysed for various Pysico-Chemical parameters. The water samples are shows that they are suitable for potable purposes. 3.3 Noise levels Noise levels were measured at 10 locations during daytime & Nighttime. The noise levels at the monitoring stations are ranging 46.4 dba to 64.5 dba during daytime and 35.2 dba to 36.1 dba during nighttime. 4.0 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS 4.1 Prediction of impacts on Air Environment: The proposed emission from proposed project has been considered for prediction of GLC s. The predicted maximum incremental rise in SPM concentrations (24 hourly) will be 1.26 µg/m 3 which occur at a distance of 0.4 m from the origin stack in the down wind direction over the baseline concentrations. The net resultant Ground Level Concentrations of avg. SPM during operation will be 109.7 to 128.8 µg/m 3. The net resultant concentrations of SPM, SO 2 and NO X are well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) after project commences the operation. Thus, it can be safely stated that due to the proposed plant there will be no adverse impact on the existing ambient air quality. 4.2 Impact on Reserved Forests / Protected Forests Net resultant GLC s are computed for SPM, SO 2 and NO x at all the sensitive receptors such as Reserved Forests/Protected Forests. This net resultant GLC s are within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for sensitive zones. Hence there will not be any impact on Reserved Forests/Protected Forests, human beings, flora & fauna and animal life due to the proposed expansion. ES: 11
4.3 Prediction of impacts on water quality The effluent generated from the proposed project will be treated in welldesigned effluent treatment scheme and will be used for dust suppression, ash conditioning & green belt development after ensuring the compliance of CECB standards. Hence there will not be any adverse impact on ground water/ surface water due the proposed expansion project. 4.4 Prediction of impacts on noise quality The major noise generating sources in the plant are STG, CFBC Boilers, compressors, etc. All these machinery will be manufactured keeping in view the MoEF/ International Standards on noise levels. 4.5 Prediction of Impacts on Land Environment Quality The effluent will be treated to achieve CECB stipulated standards for on land for irrigation. All the required air pollution control systems will be provided to meet CECB norms. All solid wastes will be disposed / utilized as per CECB norms. Hence there will not be any adverse impact on land environment due to the proposed project. 4.6 Biological Environment All the required Air pollution control facilities for efficient treatment will be provided to comply with CECB norms. Solid wastes will be disposed off as per guidelines. Hence there will not be any adverse impact on flora and fauna due to the proposed expansion project 4.7 Socio - Economic Environment Certainly there will be a scope for employment to local people during construction as well as in operation phase. Hence there will be an all round development of the area. ES: 12
5.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN 5.1 Environment Management During Construction Phase: During construction, some of the vegetation in the plant premises is required to be cleared. The measures required to be undertaken to minimize the impact on the ecology are: The felling of trees will be kept at minimum; The greenbelt having vegetation density of 2000 trees/ha shall be developed; Construction is restricted to day time only 5.2 Environment Management during Operation Phase: 5.2.1 Air Pollution Management Air Pollution Control Equipment - Proposed Power Plant It is proposed to installed an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) having efficiency to reduce particulate emission below 50 mg/ NM 3 Fugitive Emissions To control the fugitive emissions, the following measures are proposed: All the conveyors will be provided with conveyer covers and hoods to offset any trapping of material in wind stream. The height of the chutes at each of the transfer points and the slope of chutes to be considered to avoid dust generation; High efficiency reverse air jet type bag filters are considered to arrest the air borne dust at all the locations where transfer of material from one conveyor to other takes place; Unloading of coal from trucks will be carried out with proper care avoiding dropping of the materials from height. It is advisable to moist the material by sprinkling water while unloading; The sprinkling of water will be done along the internal roads in the plant in order to control the dust arising due to the movement of vehicular traffic; All the workers and officers working inside the plant will be provided with disposable dust masks; ES: 13
Thick greenbelt will be developed around the plant to arrest the fugitive emissions. Air Pollution Control Schemes Adequate and efficient control equipment will be installed in the proposed plant to keep the dust emission at a minimum. The following measures shall be taken: Advance type of Boiler will be installed for the generation of Power, which will control the emissions of SO2. Low NOx burners will be installed to control the NOx emissions below 50 ppm. Further, chimney of 59 m height is proposed for adequate dispersion of pollutants. Since, the Coal to be used in the plant, lime injection system will be provided to reduce SO 2 pollution. Generation of NOx gases depends to a great extent on the combustion temperature. A well-designed burner system will be installed which limits the temperature to a reasonably low value of NOx generation. 5.2.2 Noise Pollution Management The extensive greenbelt proposed around the boundary of the plant will attenuate the noise emitted by the various sources in the plant. Earplugs will be provided for the personnel working close to the noise generating units as a part of the safety policy. Apart from this, some of the design features provided to ensure low noise levels are as follows: All rotating machinery will be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far as possible to reduce noise transmission; Provision of silencers will be made wherever possible; The insulation provided for prevention of loss of heat and personnel safety will also act as noise reducers; Necessary enclosures will also be provided on the working platforms/areas to provide local protection in high noise level areas; The workers will be provided with ear plugs; and Plantation in the zone between plant and township would attenuate noise in the residential area. ES: 14
5.2.3 Water Pollution Management The blow down from the boiler section which is about 2 cum per day will be neutralized through neutralization tanks and mixed with Cooling tower Blowdown and recycles to D.M Plant and the Cooling Tower Blow Down (100 cum per day) will be Neutralized in neutralization pit and afterward passed through pressure filters and go to D.M. plant for mixing with raw water whereas the waste water from resin regeneration which is about 08 cum per day will be Neutralized in neutralization pit and afterward passed through pressure filters and go to D.M. plant for mixing with raw water. Thus the effluent would get finally dispersed into the soil and no further treatment would be necessary. It is thus presented that instead of any additional negative impact on water quality; there will be a positive impact in the water table due to proposed water harvesting techniques. 5.2.4 Solid Waste Management Only ash will be generated from the proposed power plant as a solid waste. Ash handling and storage system is total enclosed and ash will be collected from the ESP of material from One rotary air lock pocket feeder is provided below the ash for every hopper. The ash collected at ESP hoppers is continuously discharged through the rotary feeders to a screw feeder, which is located underneath the rotary feeders. Water will be sprinkled through a water spray nozzle, which is provided in the screw feeders. Water will be sprinkled through a water spray nozzle, which is provided in the screw feeder. Then wet ash will be discharged to trucks for disposal. It is proposed to use the ash profitably by selling the same for brick manufacturing units. The ash is stocked in silo, which has a capacity to store 1-week generation of ash. 5.2.5 Greenbelt Development Due care will be taken to ensure that a greenbelt is developed in and around the plant. All areas devoid of vegetation and having low density will ES: 15
be systematically and scientifically afforested. Proponent has proposed to develop greenbelt on more than 24% of Total area that is as per guideline of CPCB. 5.2.6 Health and Safety Occupation safety and health is very closely related to productivity and good employer-employee relationship. The main factors of occupational health in plant are fugitive dust and noise. Safety of employee during operation and maintenance of equipment and handling of materials are proposed to be taken care of as per regulations. To avoid any adverse affects on the health of workers due to dust, heat, and noise sufficient measures have been provided in the project. The Jindal Electricity Generation (P) Ltd. is conscious of its moral and legal obligation to prevent hazards and to provide healthy working environments. They are proposed to do the following activities: Provision of rest shelters for workers/staff with amenities like drinking water, fans, toilets etc. Provision of personal protection devices to the workers; Rotation of workers exposed to noise premises; Dust suppression of road; and First-aid facilities in the plant area. The management should make annual budget for the safety and health of their employees and provide sufficient facilities in order to effectively implement the health and safety measures. The management shall carry out periodical audit of safety and health with view to ascertaining the effective implementation of policy. Regular medical examination shall be conducted for the employees. The Medical Officers renders timely advice to the Management on preventive measures and safe guards. A safety Committee under MP Factory Rule 1962, under the chairmanship of the Vice President (Mech.) shall be constituted. ES: 16
Emergency Plan duly approved by the Director, Industrial Health and Safety shall be prepared and will be updated periodically. 5.2.7 Institutional Arrangement for Pollution control Environment cell is formed for overall activities for implementation of Environment Management Plan, compliance of statutory requirements as well as interaction with regulatory bodies viz. Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board, etc. Table-6 - SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AIR Periodical maintenance of pollution control equipments, regular Ambient Air Quality, Stack Monitoring and well developed green belt. WATER Proper sanitary facilities present in the plant to inhibit ground water pollution, oxidation ponds are provided for domestic wastewater management. NOISE Regular Maintenance of machinery & well developed green belt. Provision to provide sound protective devices. SOLID WASTE To take the material in process. BIO-MONITORING Annual medical check up of all employees and various safety measures for employees has been taken. ES: 17