New Technologies for Gas Exploration and Production D.B. Burnett Global Petroleum Research Institute Texas A&M University Rich Haut Houston Area Research Center Tom Williams Matagorda Redfish Society GPRI Marian Higgins CMGC Foundation Slide 1
Summary EFD Program an award winning program focused on reducing environmental footprint associated with oil and gas operations. Produced water and frac flowback brine emphasized Technology Integration Program an $ 8 million program designed to bring new technology to field trials gas shales Advanced Analytics Program new program designed to identify and field trial advanced analytic methodology for high brine quantitative analysis.
The Way We Used to Look at Petroleum Resources
A New Vision of Fossil Energy
Growth in Shale Gas Reserves Recoverable Resources, TCF 160 140 120 100 80 Haynesville Shale 60 40 20 Barnett Shale 0 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Eagle Ford Shale Marcellus Shale Fayetteville Shale Year
Texas A&M University GPRI Team s Successes: 1997 First University Program Addressing Barnett Shale Productivity 2001 First Major University Research Program on Treatment of Produced Water 2005 First Functional Membrane Technology for Produced and Frac Flowback Brine 2005 First University Program Addressing Environmental Issues in Oil & Gas Drilling 2007 First EFD Scorecard Proposed 2008 Disappearing Roads Program 2009 University/National Labs Alliance 2009 Eagle Ford Shale EFD Study 2010 EFD A&M Marcellus Shale Pre-Treatment Field Demos 2010 EFD EU Program Started 2011 Frac Flowback Brine Analytical Technology Partnership 2012 Pennsylvania Field Trials Pre-Treatment 2012 EFD Technology Program Funded
Advanced Water Treatment Technology Details of Pre-Treatment Technology
Identifying Key Technology Components Micro Filtration (MF) (10-0.1µm) Bacteria, suspended particles Ultrafiltration (UF) (0.05-0.005µm) Colloids, macromolecules Nanofiltration (NF) (5e -3-5.e -4 µm) Sugars, dyes, divalent salt ppts. Water Reverse Osmosis (RO) (1.e -4-1e -5 µm) Monovalent salts, ionic metals
How Frac Flowback Brine is Cleaned Up for Re-Use Process Component Identity Description Analytical Tests Raw Water Source One Day Supply Tank for Raw Water Large particulate removal Oil & Grease removal BETEX Removal ph, Temp., Conductivity, turbidity, Turbidity, O&G, BETEX Turbidity, O&G * Reverse Osmosis TSS removal Hardness Removal Desalination Turbidity, BETEX Turbidity, BETEX, Conductivity ph, Conductivity ph, conductivity,
Texas A&M GPRI Designs TM Mobile Lab Field Trials Escondido Resources Webb Co. Texas - 2 week test Range Resources Washington Co. PA - A 5 week test BG Exco Group Tioga Co. PA -3 week test Pre-treatment, oil removal, microfiltration, nanofiltration On-site analytical
Eagle Ford Field Trials
Mobile Unit On Site New York
Mobile Unit On Site Pennsylvania
Mobile Unit On Site Pennsylvania
Suspended Solids Removal Microfiltration reduces the need for coagulation/flocculation chemicals Important fact: IT S THE WATER CHEMISTRY! The key to successful adoption of micro-filtration for solids removal lies in the design of the process train that avoids filter fouling.
Suspended Solids Cont d. Spiral wound and hollow fiber (MF) Most are made of polymeric materials, for the most part asymmetric The A&M system also uses UFs that can be reverse washed to reduce fouling Three types were employed in the trial, ceramic, stainless steel, and capillary hollow fiber
Solids Removal
Suspended Solids Filter Assembly
Nano-Filtration Selective for reducing alkalinity and other certain dissolved solids Not yet embraced by the O&G industry Removes divalent ions to create thermodynamically stable brine Results Review
NF Results
Why is Treatment Important? Decline in productivity and that occurs in gas production greater than reservoir engineering predictions Treated and Untreated Frac Pond Brine, Eagle Ford, 2011
Example of Produced Water: Marcellus
Opposite the membrane wall is the counter for the analytical equipment.
WWW.efd-aas.org
Current Status of Gas Shale Industry Shale Gas Water Treatment Catalog Treatment Type Water Treatment Category Water Treatment Subcategory Treatment Technology Treatment Vendor and Shale Gas Basin Matrix Barrnett Shale Gas Basins Marcellu s Haynesv ille Fayette ville Woodford Primary/Desalin ation Thermal Distillation/Evaporation Membrane Vapor Compression Crystallization Evaporation Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis/ Electrodialysis Reversal Thermal Distillation Fountain Quail INTEVRAS GE Water & Process Tech. Fountain Quail Aquatech AltelaRain INTEVRA S GE Water & Process Tech Total Separatio n Solutions Fountain Quail INTEVRA S GE Water & Process Tech. Pre/Post Suspended Solids/Heavy Metals Water Softening Microbe Removal Treatment Considerations Media Filtration Flocculation Settling Ion Exchange Biocides UV Light Ozone Ultrasound Scale Inhibitors ph Adjustments Blending/Mixing Reverse Osmosis Geopure Ecosphere Veolia MI SWACO Crystallization INTEVRAS Veolia INTEVRA S Aquatech Ecospher e Geopure Ecosphere UV Light Ecosphere Hailliburt Ecospher Ecosphere on e Ozone Ecosphere Ecospher e Ultrasound Ecosphere Total Ecospher Ecosphere Separatio e n Solutions Electrodialysis Use of this Technology has been considered but is currently not being utilized as a desalination treatment technology by the Shale Gas industry.
Electro - Membrane Electrodialysis Use of this Technology has been considered but is currently not being utilized as a desalination treatment technology by the Shale Gas industry. No current U.S. Patents for Industry Leaders No technical papers citing results in high brine systems Current literature reflects process designs for ultra pure water needs or specialized chemical reactions Research programs directed toward applied research research program concerning the use of electro-membrane processes in general and bipolar membrane technology in particular
www.gpri.org
Question and Thank You! Contact info: Membrane Technology Projects: David Burnett, Frank Platt, Carl Vavra Texas A&M- EFD Technology Phone: (979) 845-2272 E-mail: burnett@pe.tamu.edu