Overtime Pay Compliance for a New Era of Employment Law:

A publication of Hunter Business Law Copyright 201 6 Overtime Pay Compliance for a New Era of Employment Law: Effective Strategies and Planning Tools for Employers A GUIDE TO EMPLOYMENT COMPLIANCE LAST UPDATED: SEPTEMBER 2017 119 S. Dakota Ave. Tampa, FL 33606 813-867-2640 Adam@hunterbusinesslaw.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction - Why Overtime Law Compliance Matters 2. Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA") - Exempt vs. Non-Exempt Chart 3. Salary Charts a. Salary Converter b. Hourly Salary with Overtime c. Annual Salary with Overtime 4. Tracking Time Tips DISCLAIMER: This e-book is for educational purposes only. It does not offer and is not a substitute for legal advice. The documents propose a number of solutions and the examples are specific to Florida employers. Which solution is best for your business requires a full legal analysis. You are encouraged to speak with an attorney to discuss the specific factors in your business prior to implementing any solution. Additionally, this e-book does not establish an attorney-client relationship and is not for advertising or solicitation purposes. The hiring of an attorney is an important decision not to be based on advertisements, or e-books.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS Exempt Employees who are deemed exempt under the FLSA do not have to be paid overtime. Non-Exempt Employees who are deemed non-exempt under the FLSA have to be paid overtime. Overtime Overtime means time and a half, or 1.5 times the employee s hourly rate. See the salary conversion charts in this e-book if you need to determine the employee s hourly rate by dividing the employee's weekly wage by 40 hours. FLSA The Fair Labor Standards Act

INTRODUCTION WHY OVERTIME LAW COMPLIANCE MATTERS Overtime Violations: How an Employee Making $50,000 Can Cost your Business Over $150,000 I wrote this e-book because one of the most costly mistakes a business can make is when a business does not pay its employees overtime when required to do so by law. At Hunter Business Law, we strive to keep our business clients compliant so that their hard earned money is spent on growing their business, not paying fines to the government or settlement checks to employees and their attorneys to resolve a lawsuit. I hope that this e-book and the tools provided herein help you avoid this costly mistake. Under federal law there are two types of employee classifications relevant to overtime pay: exempt employees and non-exempt employees. Every employee is either exempt or nonexempt. Exempt employees are exempt from the overtime requirements and non-exempt employees are not exempt and, under federal law, must be paid overtime for each hour they work over 40 in a week. Some states have their own overtime laws; this blog is about federal overtime laws. One major misconception is that all salaried employees are exempt from overtime. This is not true. Simply because an employee is on salary does not mean the employee is not entitled to overtime. To be exempt, an employee must meet a specific salary threshold and the employee must meet a specific job duties test. Notably, the salary threshold has been under scrutiny and proposed amendments to the Fair Labor Standards Act ( FLSA ), if enacted, would significantly raise the threshold, making as many as 11 million more workers entitled to overtime. These amendments were expected to pass in 2016, but the Obama administration s overtime pay rule was blocked by the entry of a preliminary injunction by U.S. District Judge, Amos Mazzant, III; the aftermath of a Republican controlled White House and Congress has put the overtime rules future in limbo. Even under the current FLSA salary threshold, many employees do not meet the job duties test and are misclassified as exempt when they are really non-exempt; thus the employees are not being paid overtime when the employees should be. Here is why not paying an employee overtime can be so costly. Let s consider a misclassified employee who makes $50,000 per year. A misclassified employee is an employee who is classified as exempt (and not paid overtime) when he or she should be classified as nonexempt and therefore must be paid overtime. A $50,000 annual salary equals $24.04 per hour. Overtime must be paid at 1.5 times the employee s regular rate of pay (1.5 times $24.04 equals $36.06 per hour). If the employee works 50 hours per week for a year, consider the potential liability of the employer:

The employee should be paid $36.06 for each overtime hour he or she worked (even if salaried). $36.06 for 10 extra hours per week equals $360.60 per week. $360.60 times 50 weeks per year (allowing 2 vacation weeks) equals $18,030 of unpaid overtime for that one employee. If the employer doesn t pay the overtime and the employee files a claim against the employer, then the employer owes $18,030 in unpaid overtime. It doesn t end there. Under the law, the unpaid overtime amounts can be doubled as a penalty making it now over $36,000 owed by the employer to the employee. Bad enough yet? There is more. If the employee prevails, the employer can also be required to pay the employee s attorney s fees, on top of the employer s own defense costs. The median hours for litigating an employment case is 374 hours of attorney time at $300 per hour (National Center for State Courts - www.courtstatistics.org; Volume 20, Number 1, January 2013), which equates to slightly more than $110,000. Granted, the employer may not fight the claim, significantly reducing the attorney s fees expense. Now add governmental fines, penalties, and back taxes owed on the unpaid overtime. This is one employee! Imagine what happens when there are multiple employees. Unpaid overtime violations can total six figure quickly. All employers should annually (and immediately when legislative changes have been implemented): (1) Audit each of their employees to make sure they are properly classified as exempt or non-exempt. (2) Ensure that they have proper timesheets for any non--exempt employees. Remember, even salaried employees can be non--exempt and thus their time needs to be tracked and overtime paid! If you are an employer and have concerns about whether you are properly classifying your employees and paying overtime when it is required, please contact me at Hunter Business Law for guidance. It only takes one employee who knows his rights to make your mistake a costly one for your company. Enjoy this guide to overtime compliance. Adam Hersh, Esquire Adam@hunterbusinesslaw.com

INTRODUCTION TO THE FLSA-EXEMPT vs. NON-EXEMPT CHART (Last Updated September 2017) The following chart is designed to assist you with evaluating whether each of your employees is exempt or nonexempt from overtime laws. This chart is based on the current FLSA. If the proposed amendments to the FLSA are passed, the monetary amounts and other rules may be adjusted. As an employer, ignorance of legislative changes will not be an excuse so please (1) make sure you are currently properly classifying your employees as exempt v. non-exempt; and (2) watch for announcements about changes to the FLSA and be prepared to implement these changes.

Fair Labor Standards Act Exempt vs. Non-Exempt Test Based on Current FLSA Paid Hourly Paid A Salary Of: Instructions: Use this chart to determine whether your employee is considered Exempt or Non-Exempt under the Fair Labor Standards Act. Exempt Employees are not paid overtime. Non-Exempt Employees must be paid overtime (time and a half) for all hours worked over 40 per week (even if the Employee is paid a salary). Non-Exempt Less Than $455* per Week More Than $455* per Week Exempt: If the employee makes more than $455* per week, the employee MUST fall into one of the following exemption categories to be considered an Exempt employee: Executive Exemption: The Employee Must: Manage the business or a specific subdivision within the company, AND Manage and direct at least two other full time employees, AND Have the authority to hire, fire, advance and promote employees. Common Traits: Interviews, selects and trains employees. Schedules and adjusts pay for employees. Evaluates employees. Exempt Business Owners who own 20% of their business fall within this exemption. Not Exempt: Blue Collar Worker Administrative Exemption: The Employee Must: Work in an office (not manual labor), AND Primary job duties require the employee to exercise discretion and independent judgment for important matters. Common Traits: The Employee Can: Negotiate contracts for the company. Bind the company by signing agreements. Waive or deviate from company policy without approval. Make decisions on behalf of the company. Note: Secretary and Administrative Assistants typically aren t within this exemption. None of the exemptions stated herein apply for Blue Collar Workers Blue Collar Workers are those who do manual labor (i.e. perform, operate with hands, physical skill and labor). Examples: Carpenter, electrician, mechanic, plumber, police officer, firefighter, and first responder. Professional Exemption The Employee s primary job duty is to perform work requiring advanced knowledge (typically intellectual work) The Employee must have: o Advanced knowledge (i.e. Advanced Degree) o Advanced knowledge in field of science or learning. o Acquired advanced knowledge through prolonged course work. Common Exempt Examples: Doctors, Lawyers, CPAs, Architects, Engineers, Chemists, Physicians Assistant, Dental Hygienist (with degree), Registered Nurse. Common Non-Exempt Examples: Licensed Nurses, Paralegals, & Bookkeepers. Learned Knowledge Certain employees in specific industries can earn this exemption based on their learned knowledge of their specific industry (i.e. a funeral director). Outside Sales Exemption: The Employee s must work: In Marketing / Sales, AND Typically outside of the employer s office or place of business to conduct sales. Example: Sales staff who travel to client to make the sale. Non-Exempt: Inside sales reps. (sales staff that doesn t travel to client or customer to make the sale). Creative Professional Exemption: The employee s primary duty includes work involving inventions, imagination, originality, or talent in art or creative project. Examples: Musician, Artist, Actor, Comedian, & Athlete. Computer Employees: The Employee s primary duty must consist of: The application of systems analysis techniques and procedures (includes working with end users to determine hardware, software, or system functionality); Designing, developing, documenting, analyzing, creating, testing or modifying systems, programs and/or software; Designing, documenting, testing, creating, modifying computer operating systems; OR A combo of some or all of the above. Non-Exempt: Computer repair and manufacturers of computer equipment. Highly Compensated Exemption: The Employee must: Make over $100,000* annually AND Meet some of the traits in the other exemption categories (but not all). Note: The $455 salary threshold is a guaranteed minimum weekly salary. (Bonuses, Commissions, and other non-guaranteed payments do not count) Caution: The salary thresholds for the FLSA are currently being revised and significant changes are expected in 2016. All salary figures with an * next to them are expected to be changed under the revisions. Disclaimer This chart is for informational purposes and not for legal advice. If you have any questions regarding whether an employee is Exempt or Non-Exempt contact Hunter Business Law at 813-867-2640. Copyright Hunter Business Law 2016 Updated January 04, 2016,

INTRODUCTION TO THE CONVERSION CHARTS The next 3 charts are designed to assist you with evaluating whether your employees currently meet the salary threshold for exemption from payment of overtime established by the FLSA. Additionally, you can use these charts to determine when it makes sense to increase the salary of those employees who meet other requirements for exemption from overtime pay but do not meet the salary threshold. The current salary threshold is $455.00 per week as a guaranteed minimum weekly salary (bonuses, commissions, and other non-guaranteed payments do not count). Remember, meeting the salary threshold is but one of the factors for exemption. Do not ignore the fact that the employee must also qualify under the other tests discussed in this e-book.

Hourly to Annual Salary Converter Salary Converter Annual Salary to Hourly Converter Hourly Rate Annual Salary Annual Salary Hourly Rate $9.00 $18,720.00 $25,000.00 $12.02 $10.00 $20,800.00 $27,500.00 $13.22 $11.00 $22,880.00 $30,000.00 $14.42 $12.00 $24,960.00 $32,500.00 $15.63 $13.00 $27,040.00 $35,000.00 $16.83 $14.00 $29,120.00 $37,500.00 $18.03 $15.00 $31,200.00 $40,000.00 $19.23 $16.00 $33,280.00 $42,500.00 $20.43 $17.00 $35,360.00 $45,000.00 $21.63 $18.00 $37,440.00 $47,500.00 $22.84 $19.00 $39,520.00 $50,000.00 $24.04 $20.00 $41,600.00 $52,500.00 $25.24 $21.00 $43,680.00 $55,000.00 $26.44 $22.00 $45,760.00 $57,500.00 $27.64 $23.00 $47,840.00 $60,000.00 $28.85 $24.00 $49,920.00 $62,500.00 $30.05 $25.00 $52,000.00 $65,000.00 $31.25 $26.00 $54,080.00 $67,500.00 $32.45 $27.00 $56,160.00 $70,000.00 $33.65 $28.00 $58,240.00 $72,500.00 $34.86 $29.00 $60,320.00 $75,000.00 $36.06 $30.00 $62,400.00 $77,500.00 $37.26 $31.00 $64,480.00 $80,000.00 $38.46 $32.00 $66,560.00 $82,500.00 $39.66 $33.00 $68,640.00 $85,000.00 $40.87 $34.00 $70,720.00 $87,500.00 $42.07 $35.00 $72,800.00 $90,000.00 $43.27 $36.00 $74,880.00 $92,500.00 $44.47 $37.00 $76,960.00 $95,000.00 $45.67 $38.00 $79,040.00 $97,500.00 $46.88 $39.00 $81,120.00 $100,000.00 $48.08 $40.00 $83,200.00 $105,000.00 $50.48 $42.50 $88,400.00 $110,000.00 $52.88 $45.00 $93,600.00 $115,000.00 $55.29 $47.50 $98,800.00 $120,000.00 $57.69 $50.00 $104,000.00 $125,000.00 $60.10 $55.00 $114,400.00 $130,000.00 $62.50 Note: Under the proposed changes to the Fair Labor Standard Act ("FLSA"), employees MUST make above the 40th percentile of weekly earnings for full time salaried workers ($921 today) to be eligible for consideration of exemption status under the FLSA. When an employee is exempt, the employee does not need to be paid overtime. When an employee is non-exempt, the employee must be paid overtime for all hours worked over 40. If an employee meets the salary threshold, the employee MUST also fall within one of the seven exemption categories to be considered exempt. If you have any questions please call Adam Hersh Esq. at (813) 867-2640 Hunter Business Law 2015

Annual Salaries With Overtime Annual Salary with Weekly Overtime Costs Cost Per Annual Salary Hourly Rate OT Hour 5 Hours Weekly OT 10 Hours Weekly OT $25,000.00 $18.03 $29,687.50 $34,375.00 $27,500.00 $30,000.00 $32,500.00 $35,000.00 $37,500.00 $40,000.00 $42,500.00 $45,000.00 $47,500.00 $50,000.00 $52,500.00 $55,000.00 $57,500.00 $60,000.00 $62,500.00 $65,000.00 $67,500.00 $70,000.00 $72,500.00 $75,000.00 $77,500.00 $80,000.00 $82,500.00 $85,000.00 $87,500.00 $90,000.00 $92,500.00 $95,000.00 $97,500.00 $100,000.00 $105,000.00 $110,000.00 $115,000.00 $120,000.00 $125,000.00 $130,000.00 $19.83 $21.63 $23.44 $25.24 $27.04 $28.85 $30.65 $32.45 $34.25 $36.06 $37.86 $39.66 $41.47 $43.27 $45.07 $46.88 $48.68 $50.48 $52.28 $54.09 $55.89 $57.69 $59.50 $61.30 $63.10 $64.90 $66.71 $68.51 $70.31 $72.12 $75.72 $79.33 $82.93 $86.54 $90.14 $93.75 $32,656.25 $35,625.00 $38,593.75 $41,562.50 $44,531.25 $47,500.00 $50,468.75 $53,437.50 $56,406.25 $59,375.00 $62,343.75 $65,312.50 $68,281.25 $71,250.00 $74,218.75 $77,187.50 $80,156.25 $83,125.00 $86,093.75 $89,062.50 $92,031.25 $95,000.00 $97,968.75 $100,937.50 $103,906.25 $106,875.00 $109,843.75 $112,812.50 $115,781.25 $118,750.00 $124,687.50 $130,625.00 $136,562.50 $142,500.00 $148,437.50 $154,375.00 $37,812.50 $41,250.00 $44,687.50 $48,125.00 $51,562.50 $55,000.00 $58,437.50 $61,875.00 $65,312.50 $68,750.00 $72,187.50 $75,625.00 $79,062.50 $82,500.00 $85,937.50 $89,375.00 $92,812.50 $96,250.00 $99,687.50 $103,125.00 $106,562.50 $110,000.00 $113,437.50 $116,875.00 $120,312.50 $123,750.00 $127,187.50 $130,625.00 $134,062.50 $137,500.00 $144,375.00 $151,250.00 $158,125.00 $165,000.00 $171,875.00 $178,750.00 Note - This chart shows the overtime rate for the above annual salaries, and how much extra (on an annual basis) paying overtime costs. If an employee does not meet the salary threshold test, but meets all of the other exemption requirements, you should use this chart to determine whether the overall costs of paying overtime each week will be greater than or less than the cost of giving the employee a flat salary increase (so that the employee will meet the minimum salary threshold requirements and therefore be exempt). If you have any questions please call Adam Hersh Esq. at (813) 867-2640 Hunter Business Law 2015

Hourly Wages With Overtime Hourly Wage (with Weekly Overtime) to Annual Salary Converter Annual Salary Annual Salary Hourly Rate No Overtime 5 Hours Weekly OT 10 Hours Weekly OT $9.00 $18,720.00 $22,230.00 $25,740.00 $10.00 $11.00 $12.00 $13.00 $14.00 $15.00 $16.00 $17.00 $18.00 $19.00 $20.00 $21.00 $22.00 $23.00 $24.00 $25.00 $26.00 $27.00 $28.00 $29.00 $30.00 $31.00 $32.00 $33.00 $34.00 $35.00 $36.00 $37.00 $38.00 $39.00 $40.00 $42.50 $45.00 $47.50 $50.00 $55.00 $20,800.00 $22,880.00 $24,960.00 $27,040.00 $29,120.00 $31,200.00 $33,280.00 $35,360.00 $37,440.00 $39,520.00 $41,600.00 $43,680.00 $45,760.00 $47,840.00 $49,920.00 $52,000.00 $54,080.00 $56,160.00 $58,240.00 $60,320.00 $62,400.00 $64,480.00 $66,560.00 $68,640.00 $70,720.00 $72,800.00 $74,880.00 $76,960.00 $79,040.00 $81,120.00 $83,200.00 $88,400.00 $93,600.00 $98,800.00 $104,000.00 $114,400.00 $24,700.00 $27,170.00 $29,640.00 $32,110.00 $34,580.00 $37,050.00 $39,520.00 $41,990.00 $44,460.00 $46,930.00 $49,400.00 $51,870.00 $54,340.00 $56,810.00 $59,280.00 $61,750.00 $64,220.00 $66,690.00 $69,160.00 $71,630.00 $74,100.00 $76,570.00 $79,040.00 $81,510.00 $83,980.00 $86,450.00 $88,920.00 $91,390.00 $93,860.00 $96,330.00 $98,800.00 $104,975.00 $111,150.00 $117,325.00 $123,500.00 $135,850.00 $28,600.00 $31,460.00 $34,320.00 $37,180.00 $40,040.00 $42,900.00 $45,760.00 $48,620.00 $51,480.00 $54,340.00 $57,200.00 $60,060.00 $62,920.00 $65,780.00 $68,640.00 $71,500.00 $74,360.00 $77,220.00 $80,080.00 $82,940.00 $85,800.00 $88,660.00 $91,520.00 $94,380.00 $97,240.00 $100,100.00 $102,960.00 $105,820.00 $108,680.00 $111,540.00 $114,400.00 $121,550.00 $128,700.00 $135,850.00 $143,000.00 $157,300.00 Note - To effectively factor in the impact of and manage overtime, your business must accurately budget for wages. If your business elects to convert its non-exempt salaried employees to hourly, this chart shows what the annual salary is for each hourly wage if the employee works 40, 45, or 50 hours in a week. Under the FLSA your business must pay overtime (time and half) after a non-exempt employee works more than 40 hours in a week. For purposes of this chart an employee making $10 per hour will earn $10 per hour for hours 1-40, and $15 per hour for hours 41+. If you have any questions please call Adam Hersh Esq. at (813) 867-2640 Hunter Business Law 2015

Tracking Hours Tips for Employers Employers should track the hours for each of their non-exempt employees (whether the employee is paid hourly or salaried). Employers must compensate all non-exempt employees who work more than 40 hours in a work week with overtime pay. o Note This 40 hour rate is not multiplied based on payroll frequency. This means that if an employer does biweekly payroll, then an employee who works over 40 hours during a given week of a pay period must be paid overtime regardless of whether they worked 80 hours during the pay period. For example, if a non-exempt employee works 50 hours in week 1 of a pay period and 25 hours in week 2 of a pay period, the employee must be paid overtime for the extra 10 hours worked in week 1 even though they worked less than 80 hours during the pay period. Employers must pay non-exempt employees for all work done outside the workplace. o Example: An employee leaves the office and then drives a half hour to the post office to mail a letter. This counts towards the employee s work week and thus should be added to their total hours for the week. o Example: An employee responds to an email after work hours. The time spent reading and responding to emails counts towards the employee s work week and should be added to his/her total hours for the week. o Example: An employee answers a call from their supervisor or a client outside of work hours. This counts towards the employee s work week, and the time spent on the phone should be added to his/her total hours for the week. o Example: An employee attends an after-hours client dinner or work related function. If this is a work obligation or a request of the employer, it is considered work time. The time spent traveling to and from the dinner should be added to his/her total hours for the week, and the employee should be reimbursed for the meal. o Note If the employee is non-exempt and paid a salary, all of the aforementioned examples would count towards the employee s total weekly hours (40). If the employee does not reach the 40 hour mark in the work week, then the employer would not pay overtime to the employee for performing any of the tasks listed above. However, if the employee has exceeded 40 hours, then the employer is responsible for paying overtime compensation. Weeks in which employees receive paid time off or a paid holiday do not count towards the 40 hour weekly limit. o Example: During the work week of July 1 st July 7 th, the employee works 35 hours and is given a paid day off for July 4 th (8 hours). The employee will receive a total of 43 paid hours for the work week, but because 8 of those hours are on a paid holiday, the employee does not need to be paid overtime for the extra 3 hours. (Holidays and paid time off are calculated separately.) Hunter Business Law 2015

Adam Hersh, Esquire Would you like assistance with making sure your company is compliant with overtime laws? Interested in attending a FLSA seminar or obtaining more information on this matter? CONTACT US WE ARE HERE TO HELP! Adam @hunterbusinesslaw.c om 813.867.2640 www.hunterbusinesslaw.com