CHAPTER 4, KEY ISSUE 3 WHY IS POPULAR CULTURE WIDELY DISTRIBUTED?
RAPID DIFFUSION OF CLOTHING STYLES FASHION SHOWS THE AVAILABILITY OF INCOME AND WELL AS THE SOCIAL FORMS AS JOB CHARACTERISTICS. IN MDC S CLOTHING REFLECTS JOB STATUS RATHER THAN ENVIRONMENT. EXAMPLE: WHAT DO BANKERS WEAR? DOCTORS? TEACHERS? TRUCK DRIVERS, FACTORY WORKERS? THOSE IN BUSINESS WEAR DIFFERENT COLORS THAN THOSE IN FACTORIES
RAPID DIFFUSION OF CLOTHING STYLES MDC S WOMEN S INCOME REFLECTED IN FASHION NEW WARD ROBE IMPROVED COMMUNICATION ALLOWS FOR RAPID DIFFUSION: SENDS DESIGNS TO ASIA VIA THE INTERNET. HAVE THE GLOBALIZATION OF STYLE. THIS HURTS FOLK CULTURES. SOME CULTURES KEEP FOLK CLOTHING AND TRADITIONS TO ATTRACT TOURISTS.
RAPID DIFFUSION OF CLOTHING STYLES JEANS SYMBOL OF WESTERN CULTURE US HAS REGIONAL JEAN STYLE DIFFERENCES: WEST 501 BUTTON FLY MORE POPULAR.
POPULAR FOOD CUSTOMS POPULAR FOOD CUSTOMS: MORE MONEY AND TIME ALLOWS TO HAVE MORE ELEMENTS OF POPULAR CULTURE. (# NUMBER OF STAR BUCKS AROUND EAST?) CONSUMPTION OF LARGE QUANTITIES OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND SNACK FOOD SYMBOLS OF POPULAR CULTURE. TYPES OF SNACKS AND DRINKS VARIES BY REGION IN MDC S. THIS REFLECTS OLD CUSTOMS AND ADOPTION TO ENVIRONMENT (WHAT IS PRODUCED LOCALLY AND ESPECIALLY RELIGION)
ALCOHOL PREFERENCES IN THE U.S. Per capita consumption of Canadian whiskey (left) and tequila (right) Why? *Shows different source areas and histories of diffusion.
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF CANADIAN WHISKEY
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF TEQUILA Other patterns: Bourbon in Upper south Rum in North East Canadian Whiskey in North States South likes pork rinds North popcorn Cultural background has factor too on eating habits In General consumption of Alcohol and snacks 2 factors: high income and national advertising
WINE PRODUCTION PER YEAR Where and Why? The distribution of wine production shows the joint impact of the physical environment (correct growing climate) and social customs. (religion)
DIFFUSION OF TV 1954 2003 TV HELPS DIFFUSE POPULAR CULTURE 2 REASONS: POPULAR ACTIVITY MEANS OF TRANSMISSION (POPULAR CULTURE IS DIFFUSED GLOBALLY) Television has diffused widely since the 1950s, but some areas still have low numbers of TVs per population.
TV DISTRIBUTION, 1954 Why NA first?
TV DISTRIBUTION, 1970
TV DISTRIBUTION, 2003
DIFFUSION OF TELEVISION IN 1954 THE US HAD 86% OF TVS IN THE WORLD, UK 9%, USSR 2%, CANADA 2%, AND THE REMAINDER WERE DIVIDED AMONG CUBA, MEXICO, FRANCE, AND BRAZIL BY 1970 RAPID GROWTH IN OWNERSHIP IN EUROPE BROUGHT THE US % DOWN TO 25% HALF THE WORLD STILL HAD LITTLE OR NO BROADCASTING (AFRICA AND ASIA) TODAY, THERE ARE MORE TV S IN AMERICAN HOMES THAN THERE ARE PEOPLE.
HOW DID TV CHANGE CULTURE? BEFORE THE 1950 S, PEOPLE WERE NOT TIED TO A PARTICULAR ROOM ARCHITECTURE OR HOMES: NO MORE FRONT PORCHES NEW INVENTIONS: TV DINNER, TRAY TABLES POLITICS, NEWS SPORTING EVENTS BOOKS, THE TV GUIDE I LOVE LUCY SESAME STREET
GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF TELEVISION GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF TV (TO STOP THE SPREAD OF IDEAS?) IN US, MOST STATIONS ARE OWNED BY CORPORATIONS THAT RECEIVE LICENSES FROM THE GOV. (MAKE PROFITS BY SELLING ADVERTISEMENTS) SOME STATIONS ARE OWNED BY NONPROFITS OR LOCAL GOV. AND ARE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS THIS PATTERN IS FOUND IN WESTERN HEMISPHERE COUNTRIES, BUT IS RARE IN THE REST OF THE WORLD IN MOST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES BROADCASTING IS DONE BY A PUBLIC CORPORATION OR A PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF TELEVISION IN CANADA, THE CBC RECEIVES GOV. GRANTS, AND IN BRITAIN (BBC) AND JAPAN (NHK) THE BROADCASTING COMPANY GETS A LICENSE FEE FROM TV OWNERS INDEPENDENCE FROM GOV. INTERFERENCE IS GUARANTEED IN THEIR CHARTERS IN LDCS, DIRECT MANAGEMENT OF TV IS DONE THROUGH A GOV. AGENCY TRUE IN CHINA, INDIA, AND MANY OTHER COUNTRIES IN ASIA, AND AFRICA THEY CENSOR TV TO MAKE SURE PROGRAMS WILL NOT CONTRADICT GOV. POLICIES
REDUCED GOVERNMENT CONTROL TELEVISION SIGNALS ARE ONLY GOOD FOR ABOUT 60 MILES IN THE PAST, FEW PEOPLE COULD ACTUALLY PICK UP BROADCASTS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES CABLE AND SATELLITE HAVE MADE TV A FORCE FOR POLITICAL CHANGE MANY ASIAN COUNTRIES TRY TO KEEP THEIR CITIZENS FORM OBTAINING DISHES (CHINA S GREAT FIREWALL) DISHES HASTENED THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM IN EASTERN EUROPE AS MORE WESTERN PROGRAMS WERE ABLE TO BE SEEN; SATELLITE DISHES ALLOW FOR GREATER SPREAD OF POPULAR CULTURE.
SATELLITES EVERYWHERE
DISTRIBUTION OF INTERNET USERS, 1995-2003 Internet users per 1000 population. Diffusion of internet service is following the pattern of TV diffusion in the 20th century, but at a much faster rate.
INTERNET USERS, 1995 PER 1000 POPULATION
INTERNET USERS, 2000 PER 1000 POPULATION
INTERNET USERS, 2004 PER 1000 POPULATION
DIFFUSION OF THE INTERNET 1995, 25 MILLION OF THE 40 MILLION INTERNET USERS IN THE WORLD WERE IN THE US BY 2000, THERE WERE 400 MILLION USERS, 31% OF WHICH WERE IN THE US RIGHT NOW ONLY ABOUT 10% OF USERS ARE IN LDCS, BUT THAT IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE RAPIDLY
INTERNET SHOP, INDIA Rural India has access to internet
INTERNET USE BY FOOD SELLER IN CHINA The Spread of internet can be seen in South China