Virtual power Plant Concept in Electrical Networks J. Corera Iberdrola Distribution on behalf of a step towards the future of a step towards the future of electricity networks 1
Introduction to the VPP 2
VPP FENIX solution to DER integration Overall aim: Integrate DER cost effectively in the operation and development of electricity networks Integration: solving system (network) problems with DER FENIX approach : Virtual Power Plant (VPP) as key delivery mechanism for integration of DER and demand response 3
VPP analogy with conventional transmission system operation Large generation is integrated in transmission network operation and development At transmission level power plants are the main source of system control (balance between supply & demand) Operators control transmission network flows by modulating outputs of generators In the future there will be a large number of small generators connected to the distribution network DER (and demand response) to provide control of distribution and transmission networks This integration will enhance the value of DER 4
TSO network constraint (congestion) management Overload = 5
VPP concept for network control 400 kv 400 kv 400kV = 132kV VPP P, Q P, Q (&L) 33kV L 11 kv/0.4 kv 11kV L Characteristics: (1) Output (2) Reserve (3) Dynamic response (4) Cost characteristics LV area 1 LV area 2 TVPP area 1 TVPP area 2 6
VPP source of control VPP as a source of control of T & D Networks VPP to be used by DSOs/TSOs to support system operation Frequency control (TSO) Voltage control (TSO and DSO) Flow control (TSO and DSO) Stability enhancement (TSO) Security and reliability enhancement (TSO and DSO) 7
Example: Alcora substation (20kV) Cotasa feeder 2.1 MW COTASA 10 MW INCOAZUL 1 MW 0.3 MW TILESA ATOMISA 2 MW 2 MW 2 MW 2.2 MW 0.5 MW 0.5 MW 20 MW 9.1 MW 0.5 MW 2 MW 1 MW 0.5 MW 13 MW RID SUPPLY POINT 5 MW 6 MW 15 MW 8
Cotasa feeder and generation data COTASA INCOAZUL TILESA ATOMISA REST OF THE NETWORK 2 MW 10 MW 2 MW 1 MW 2.2 MW 0.3 MW 2 MW 0.5 MW 0.5 MW 0.5 MW 2 MW 1 MW 0.5 MW Index D name Pset Pmin Pmax Qmin Qmax Offers Bids *scheduled (MW) (MW) (MVAr) (MVAr) *Inc *Dec (MW) (MW) (MW) (MVAr) (MVAr) ( /MWh) ( /MWh) 1 COTASA 10 2 15.7-12 12 60 10 2 INCOAZUL 0.96 0 1-0.5 0.5 50 10 3 TILESA 0.29 0.25 0.3 0 0 40 10 4 ATOMISA 2 1 8-4 4 30 10 Total: 13.25 3.25 25-16.5 16.5 9
PQ diagram of Cotasa VPP 15 10 Reactive Capability (MVAr) 5 0-5 -10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30-15 P VPP (MW) 10
Re-dispatch cost function of VPP 350 300 250 200 R (Cost) 150 100 50 0-50 -100-150 0 5 10 15 20 25 P VPP (MW) 11
Project FENIX 12
FENIX Project coordinates FENIX is an European collaborative project, partly funded by the European Commision within the 6th Framework Programme for Research It was launched in October 2005 and its duration is 4 years 20 partners are involved The total budget is 14,7 MEuro 13
FENIX partners 2 TSO 3 DSO 4 Manufacturers 3 ICT specialists 7 R&D centers & Universities 1 Business consultant 14
FENIX Challenges Identify potential present (and future) contribution of DER to networks that can be performed at advantageous cost (see Fenix at poster session). Identify network needs and the way to satisfy them using DER Revise regulations, incentive mechanisms and contractual relationships between the different participants (DER, aggregators, network operators and markets), to enhance DER contribution to the network with a fair economic return Investigate aggregation (VPP) so the limited size of DER and their non-deterministic behaviour limitations can be overcome Develop the ICT architecture to make it work: At DER level: FENIX box At VPP level: DEMS systems At system operators: revision of EMS and DMS tools 15
Challenges in characterising VPP VPP is a complex generating plant Diversity of technology and locations electricity led, heat led CHP, weather condition driven output Characteristics of demand (process, amount of storage, load recovery patterns) Inter-temporal dependencies Uncertainty VPP output, reserve capabilities and dynamic response characteristics (wide range of time horizons to be considered from seconds, minutes to hours) Role and value of ICT to facilitate VPP and reduce uncertainty (data management and forecasting tools) 16
Fenix players Energy Markets Transmission System Operator Distribution System Operators FENIX software Households Aggregators CHP Industrial & commercial Wind farms 17
Fenix agent functionality and architecture 18
VPP Functionality: Market and System Management participation (UK pilot context) 19
VPP Functionality & Interaction Fenix Box & VPP Optimise position of local of DER and demand, transmit data on DER position and operating parameters, costs etc. CVPP (Commercial Virtual Power Plant) Aggregates output from Fenix Box/VPP (before market closure) Facilitates access to wholesale electricity markets Reduces imbalance risk TVPP (Technical Virtual Power Plant) Aggregates output and BOAs from Fenix Box/VPP (at market closure and during system balancing) Facilitates access to transmission system balancing congestion management markets Manages local constraints on distribution system Facilitates access to scheduled ancillary services markets 20
Scalability: from few to million units Level 4 DEMS EMS - DMS Internet Level 3 Aggregation (100 to 5000 units) Service to Market Stakeholders VPP Concentrator Level 2 Aggregation (10 to 100 units per level 1 aggregator) Fenix Box Type 1 (Few MW) Fenix Box Type 2 Fenix Box Type 3 Level 1 Metering L (100kW) (10 to 500 units per level 2 aggregator) Meter L (100kW) Smart Meter Local Plant Control Smart Meter (100kW) D Controller 21
Fenix deployments: pilot in Spain 22
Alava DSO 30/13,2kV simplified network JUNDIZ 14,4 x 2 Mvar BADAIA 50 MW DER (Wind farms) MW DER (CHP) MW ALI PUENTELARRA Capacitors MVAR Transformation 30/13,2 kv UASCOR 12 MW Transformer 220/30 kv - TSO-DSO Boundary 23 AMARRA TXAORRITXU 14,4 x 2 Mvar 0,5 MW 14,4 Mvar OJAIN MICHELIN 2,7 MW ENVIROIL 47 MW 2,0 MW HOSPITAL HOLZLAN 2,0 MW 1,0 MW SEARSA 2,7 MW Small Hydro units MW 5,4 x 4 Mvar 13,2 kv Several DER 5 MW Capacitors 96,6 Mvar ALSASUA DER 168 MVA Installed capacity ELUEA URKILLA 32 MW ELUEA 30 MW
Southern Scenario Interconnections Interconnections TSO Conventional Conventionalgenerators DSO loads loads Market Fenix Active Active power power Tertiary Tertiary reserve reserve Reactive Reactive power power Ancillary Ancillary services services DER DER going going to to the the market market The goal is to manage DER to provide as much services as the conventional generators do 24
What will be demonstrated? Providing global services (TSO level) 1- Selling large amount of active power in the day ahead market 2- Tertiary reserve, balancing market Providing local services (DSO level) 3- Selling reactive power capacity (PO7.4) (4.3.6.) 4- Help maintaining voltages in lines Providing local services in emergency situations (to be simulated) 5- Use active power generation to avoid load shedding (PO 6.1), help keeping supply in local constrains,. In every use case DSO and TSO should validate feasibility in the proposed solutions: n-1, quality of service (±7% voltage) and overloads 25
Fenix deployments: pilot in UK 26
Woking Network Woking Primary 33/11kV 24MVA Civic Offices 0.11MW CHP (gas) Town Centre CHP 1.8MW CHP (gas) Horsell Primary 33/11kV Brockhill Sheltered Housing 16MVA 30kW PV export Old Woking Primary 33/11kV 12MVA BT, Telephone Exchange 0.8MW diesel gen. Priors Croft Nos 1-32 22kW CHP (gas) Woking Pool in the Park 20kW PV panel 0.2MW fuel cell 0.95MW CHP (gas) 27
Woking Horsell Old Woking 28
lass Moor Wind Farm Peterborough rid 132/33kV 8 x 2MW wind turbines Metering at the interface and at Peterborough rid 132/33kV The operator has little awareness of his operation Fenix Concentrator FB 29
Deployment over the Northern Scenario Web Access DEMS SCADA DEMS Application Server VPP Concentrator Box 4 Internet Wind generation Woking Council & EDF Energie Nouvelle Woking Swimming Pool & Imperial College Labs VPP Concentrator 1 & 2 EDF Energy 1 1 1 1 Fenland lass Moor Windpark (8 Re-Power MM2 2MW each total 16MW) Load under Demand Response Fenix Box VPP Concentrator 3 (Existing CHP SCADA) 33KV L1 3 PV Cell L2 Load under Demand Side Management 1 Woking SS Horsell SS 11KV Old Woking SS 2 Woking CHP Portfolio (total 4MW) 30
Conclusions 31
Conclusions If we want DER to effectively replace central, conventional generation, they have to contribute to system needs Fenix is a first step, however a lot of changes have to take place: Regulatory frameworks have to promote DER contribution DER Technology was not developed with this aim, however, and provided the limitations imposed by the nature of DER, efficient support to the system is possible (example Voltage control) International awareness is required Aggregation will be required to handle large DER penetration 32