WEEKWISE SYLLABUS 2015-16 CLASS : XII SUBJECT : BIOLOGY Date 01.04.2015 to 04.04.2015 06.04.2015 to 10.04.2015 13.04.2015 to 18.04.2015 Contents Reproduction in Organisms Reproduction in organisms: reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; asexual reproduction, modes of reproduction Practical:- Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insect) Asexual and sexual reproduction; modes - binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants. Sexual Reproduction in flowering plants. Structure of flower, development of male and female gametophytes. Structure of pollen grain & ovule, Pollination, kinds of pollination, Agents of pollination, Out breeding devices Practical : Study of controlled pollination - Emasculation, Tagging & Bagging. Pollen - pistil interaction double fertilization; post fertilization events -development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation. Human Reproduction: male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Discussion of Value based/multidisciplinary questions PRACTICAL: 1. Study of pollen germination through temporary & permanent slide. 1
20.04.2015 to 25.04.2015 27.04.2015 to 02.05.2015 05.05.2015 to 08.05.2015 11.05.2015 to 30.06.2015 Menstrual cycle; fertilisation embryo development upto blastocyst formation Implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea). Reproductive health: need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness). Discussion of Value based /Multidisciplinary questions PRACTICAL: (1) Identification of stages of gamete development T.S. of testis, T.S. of Ovary, (2) T.S. of Blastula through permanent slide YUVA Session 12.10-Let Not the Newborns Die Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism - incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes PRACTICAL: Mendelian Inheritance using seeds of different colour/size of any plant. Project: Investigatory projects (Any one) YUVA Session No. 3.10 -Every Drop is precious! Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorder in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down s syndrome, Turner s and Klinefelter s syndromes, Discussion of Value based / Multidisciplinary questions PRACTICAL: Study of prepared Pedigree charts of genetic traits such as - widow s peak colour blindness., Rolling of tongue,ear lobes & blood groups. SUMMER BREAK 2
01.07.2015 to 04.07.2015 06.07.2015 to 10.07.2015 13.07.2015 to 18.07.2015 20.07.2015 to 25.07.2015 Molecular Basis of Inheritance Molecular basis of inheritance: search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; transcription PRACTICAL: Prepare temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis. Genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation - Lac Operon; Genome and human geneome project; DNA fingerprinting. Discussion of Value based /Multidisciplinary question PRACTICAL: Study of meiosis in onion bud cells or grasshopper testis through permanent slides. Evolution: origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution - variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution. Discussion of Value based /Multidisciplinary questions PRACTICAL. Two plants & two animals (model /virtual images) found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations Health and disease: pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, Dengue, chickengunia, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm). PRACTICAL: Identification of disease causing organisms - Plasmodium, Ascaris, Entamoeba & Ringworm through permanent slides or. specimens. Comment on symptoms of disease that they cause. 3
27.07.2015 to 01.08.2015 03.08.2015 to 07.08.2015 10.08.2015 to 14.08.2015 17.08.2015 to 22.08.2015 24.08.2015 to 29.08.2015 Basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescene, drug and alcholol abuse. PRACTICAL: :- collect & study, soil from at least two different sites & study them for, ph & water holding capacity of soil Improvement in food production : Plant breeding, inbreeding, out breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification, Apiculture and Animal husbandry. PRACTICAL:- collect & study soil from at least two different sites & study them for texture, moisture content. Microbes in human welfare. In household food processing, industrial. production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotic production and judicious use. Discussion of Value based /Multidisciplinary questions PRACTICAL : Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for ph, clarity & presence of any living organisms YUVA Session No.3.9-I too have rights... Biotechnology: Principles & Processes:-Principle, tools of recombinant DNA Technology - restriction enzyme, Polymerase enzyme, Ligase, cloning vector, competent host, transformation methods, Gel Electrophoresis. PCR, isolation of DNA, Bioreactor, downstream processing. PRACTICAL: Isolation of DNA from easily available plant material like spinach, pea, papaya etc. Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms Bt crops, RNA interference; transgenic animals; biosafety issues-biopiracy and patents, discussion of Value based /Multidisciplinary questions PRACTICAL: study the presence of suspended particulate matter in air at two widely different sites 4
31.08.2015 to 04.09.2015 07.09.2015 to 11.09.2015 14.09.2015 to 21.09.2015 22.09.2015 to 09.10.2015 12.10.2015 to 17.10.2015 19.10.2015 to 22.10.2015 23.10.2015 & 26.10.2015 to 31.10.2015 Organisms and environment: habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; commensalism. PRACTICAL Study of plant population density by quadrate method. YUVA Session 12.2-Shahrukh kafunda Population attributes - growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution discussion of Value based /Multidisciplinary questions. PRACTICAL: Study of plant population frequency by quadrate method. REVISION SA-1 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-1 Ecosystems: patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass-, energy. PRACTICAL: Study the effect of three different ph on the activity of salivary amylase on starch. YUVA Session 3.6 If there was a Bomb Threat! AUTUMN BREAK Nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services - carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release. discussion of Value based /Multidisciplinary questions PRACTICAL: Study the effect of different temperatures on the activity of salivary amylase on starch. 5
02.11.2015 to 07.11.2015 09.11.2015 to 13.11.2015 16.11.2015 to 21.11.2015 23.11.2015 to 28.11.2015 30.11.2015 to 05.12.2015 07.12.2015 to 11.12.2015 14.12.2015 to 19.12.2015 21.12.2015 to 26.12.2015 Biodiversity and its conservation: concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity. PRACTICAL: Study of two plants and two animals (models /virtual images) found in aquatic conditions comment upon their morphological adaptations. Biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, -Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries, Ramsar sites, discussion of Value based /Multidisciplinary questions PRACTICAL: Effects of different temperatures & ph on the activity of Salivary amylase on starch. YUVA Session 3.11 End it before it ends us! Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management, discussion of Value based /Multidisciplinary questions PRACTICAL: Isolation of DNA from plant material. YUVA Session 3.12 Towards Zero waste! Greenhouse effect and global warming; ozone depletion; deforestation; any one case study as success story addressing environmental issues... PROJECT: submission of Project. PRACTICAL: Revision of Spotting. REVISION OF UNIT VI AND RELATED PRACTICALS REVISION OF UNIT VII AND RELATED PRACTICALS REVISION OF UNIT VIII AND RELATED PRACTICALS REVISION OF UNIT IX AND RELATED PRACTICALS 6
28.12.2015 to 30.12.2015 31.12.2015 to 15.01.2016 16.01.2016 to 30.01.2016 01.02.2016 to 06.02.2016 08.02.2016 to 12.02.2016 15.02.2016 Onwards REVISION OF UNIT X AND RELATED PRACTICALS WINTER BREAK PRE-BOARD PRE BOARD EXAM PAPER DISCUSSION & CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS REVISION OF PRACTICALS & BOARD PRACTICAL EXAMS. DISCUSSION OF PREVIOUS YEARS QUESTION PAPERS 7