29th August 2017 ESPO conference, Barcelona Decarbonisation of ports and port industry Turning the challenge into an opportunity Clemens Schneider, Wuppertal Institute
Low carbon ports are a major constituent of a low carbon economy. Transport to and from the port is low carbon. The port industry produces and handles products with zero GHG footprint as well as with no GHG emissions after their lifetime. 29.08.2016 2
(I) Transport to and from as well as within the port is low carbon. Change of infrastructure. liquefid methane modall shift methanol synthetic diesel green warehousing 29.08.2016 3
(II) The port industry produces and handles products with zero GHG footprint as well as with no GHG emissions after their lifetime. Half of today s EU-28 territorial CO 2 emissions have previously passed the major EU ports. Change of business model required. 29.08.2016 4
Relevance of freight transport: Low carbon ports will be a major hub in future closed carbon cycles. Raw materials extraction Basic materials Manufacturing Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) Recycling Product use Amount of future flows? Geographical scope? 29.08.2016 5
2 016 1 914 639 1 004 Electrification can transform the whole energy system: Example: German energy flow in 2050 with direct electrification and high efficiency strategy (TWh) PE conversion FE use synthetic methane production 362 materials useful energy 282 electrolysis electricity generation ambient heat direct solar 72 29 synfuel production 130 industry households services transport 379 149 153 395 PE losses FE losses 557 173 30.05.2015 6
923 1 259 624 2 946 2 845 2 037 755 1 004 Electrification can transform the whole energy system: Example: German energy flow scenario in 2050 with indirect electrification and high efficiency strategy (TWh) PE conversion FE use synthetic methane production industry households services 379 149 153 materials useful energy 282 electricity generation electrolysis ambient heat 72 synfuel production transport PE losses direct solar 29 Could be (partially) imported as H2, or syngas or synfuel FE losses 402 30.05.2015 7
In spite of alternatives (like battery electric cars) import of liquid low carbon fuels could be still of relevance. litres / 15'000 km 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 Energy required to fuel one standard passenger car p.a (15'000 km) 25 20 15 10 5 GJ / 15'000 km 0 0 crude oil import gasoline use gasoline car today methanol import & use methanol ICE car2020 methanol import & use methanol import synfuel (gasoline) use DMFC car2020 MTG gasoline car 2020 amount of fuel in litres amount of fuel in GJ 29.08.2016 8
CCS may be a niche business for some EU ports with good geographical conditions and existing competitive clusters. offsor e steam reforming Port area hinterland crude oil LPG crude oil ADU/ VDU naphtha oil residue gasifica on hydrogen steam cracker petrochemicals petrochemical produc on (plas cs, solvents,...) product market FCC petrochemicals oil products other oil conversion fuels oil products fuel market steam Other hinterland CO 2 sources? h CO 2 storage waste biomass heat / cogenera on CO 2 thermal electricity genera on electricity market legend ressource / product w flo electricity flo heat / steam w flo CO 2 flo process today in use process today in use greenfield investment process process process or in construc on which will have to be 29.08.2016 A A A 9 retrofi ed
Ports could be first movers in a Power-to-X economy. offsor e water electrolysis Port area hinterland hydrogen crude oil crude oil ADU/ VDU naphtha oil residue gasifica on steam cracker petrochemicals petrochemical produc on (plas cs, solvents,...) product market h FCC petrochemicals oil products other oil conversion fuels oil products fuel market steam electricity market waste biomass heat / cogenera on PV / wind P2H legend ressource / product w flo electricity flo heat / steam w flo CO 2 flo process today in use process today in use greenfield investment process process process or in construc on which will have to be 29.08.2016 A A A 10 retrofi ed
Rotterdam example: Stepwise approach to consistent scenario definition Global Global GHG mitigation effort level I 4 I 2 I EU EU GHG emission reduction target & policy I BAU I -80% I -90 to -95% I Port economy Economic strategy of the port s industrial cluster BAU I Technological Progress I Bio & CCS I Closed Carbon Cycle I I Development of scenarios and discussion of scenarios with stakeholders
Rotterdam example: Investment cycles, future markets and strategic decisions shape the scenarios. 12
Pathways and opportunities for the Port of Rotterdam industrial cluster 13
Clemens Schneider clemens.schneider@wupperinst.org FINAL REPORT Decarbonization Pathways for the Industrial Cluster of the Port of Rotterdam Thank you For your Attention For further information: www.wupperinst.org Authors Sascha Samadi Stefan Lechtenböhmer Clemens Schneider Karin Arnold Manfred Fischedick Dietmar Schüwer Andreas Pastowski On behalf of: Wuppertal, September 2016 (Revised version, October 2016) 10.06.2016 14
Identified potential for new economic activity at the Port of Rotterdam in a decarbonising world. 15