MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 2012-2013 2013
Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 2012-2013 By Marilyn Danks Aquatic Biologist Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Division of Ecological and Water Resources 2013
Table of Contents Page Introduction... 1 Aeration Equipment... 1 Program Administration... 2 Regulations... 3 Discussion... 3 Regional Aeration Summary... 4 Questionnaire Results... 6 Literature Cited... 8 Tables Table 1. Aerated Acres 2012-13... 10 Table 2. 2012-13 Aerated s/permits... 11 Table 3. Region I lakes with public access aerated to prevent winterkill, 2012-13... 12 Table 4. Summary by county of protected waters in Region I, under aeration permit issued to private hatchery operators in 2012-13... 13 Table 5. Region II lakes with public access aerated to prevent winterkill, 2012-13... 14 Table 6. Region III lakes with public access aerated to prevent winterkill, 2012-13... 15 Table 7. Region IV lakes with public access aerated to prevent winterkill, 2012-13... 16 Table 8. Operational Characteristics of Some Aeration Systems, Winter 2012-13... 17 i
Table of Contents (Continued) Page Figures Figure 1. Trends in lake aeration permits issued 1978-2012... 18 Figure 2. Aeration permits issued by DNR region, 1978-2012... 19 Figure 3. Number of lakes with public access, by county, issued aeration permits in 2012-13... 20 Figure 4. Distribution by County of ponds aerated under permits issued to Private hatchery operators in 2012-13... 21 Appendices Appendix 1... 23 Appendix 2... 24 ii
INTRODUCTION Minnesota has many lakes with a history of winterkill due to oxygen depletion. However, more significant than the number of lakes that winterkill is their location. The majority of Minnesota's winterkill lakes are in the southern half of the state, an area with the "fewest number of fishing lakes and the majority of the population" (Scidmore 1970). Aeration systems have been used in Minnesota to prevent winterkill for many years. More recently, the uses for aeration have expanded to include shoreline property protection, providing open water for captive waterfowl and water quality improvement. The Department of Natural Resources has regulated the use of aeration in public waters since 1974 due to the potential for user conflicts and the open water hazard created by winter operation of aeration systems. The two major objectives of the aeration permit program are: 1. To ensure the safe winter operation of aeration systems; and 2. To ensure the appropriate use of aeration technology. This report summarizes work done under the Aeration Permit Program of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources during the 2012-13 permit year (1 October 2012 30 September 2013). Work was partially funded under Federal Aid Project FW-9-T. For a more detailed explanation of winterkill and the history of aeration in Minnesota, see Enger (1988). Pederson (1982) provides a comprehensive review of the program through 1978-81. Annual staff reports detailing the aeration program are also available (Danks, 2012, Danks 2011B; Danks 2011A; Danks 2010; Danks 2010; Danks 2009; Danks 2007; Danks 2006; Danks 2005; Danks 1999; Danks 1998; Danks 1996; Danks 1995; Danks 1994; Danks 1992; Danks, 1992; Enger-Danks 1992). AERATION EQUIPMENT Aeration equipment, originally designed for wastewater treatment facilities, has proven to be an effective method of winterkill prevention. The four methods of aeration described below are commonly used in Minnesota: 1. Sub-surface bubblers: Sub-surface bubblers consist of a diffuser(s), weighted air lines and a compressor or high volume, low pressure blower. The diffuser is placed on the lake bottom, near the deepest part of the lake. Air is pumped from the shore-housed compressor or blower through air lines to the diffuser. The diffuser breaks the air stream into small bubbles that rise, lifting warm bottom water to the surface. This warmer water melts the ice cover, exposing a portion of the lake surface to the atmosphere. Oxygen is added to the lake from wind and wave action and photosynthesis. The most efficient and effective method of operation is to group the diffusers so that one open water area is created during normal winter weather (MN Rules Chapter 6116.0020, subp. 3). Sub-surface bubbler systems are best suited to lakes that winterkill frequently. To sustain a game fish population in these lakes, the aeration system will probably require annual operation for extended periods. 1
2. Air injection systems: Air injection aeration systems function similarly to subsurface bubblers. However, the pontoon-mounted injection system introduces air just beneath the surface of the lake. Again, the oxygen is provided by removing ice cover and exposing the surface of the lake to the atmosphere and sunlight. Air injection systems are also well suited to lakes, which winterkill frequently, where annual and lengthy operation is likely. 3. Mechanical surface agitators: Mechanical surface agitators are basically submersible or floating pumps which spray water into the air, producing a fountainlike effect. Oxygen is added to the water sprayed into the air, some oxygen is added as the droplets agitate the lake surface, as well as from the open water area created. These systems affect rather small areas and are best suited to small bodies of water. 4. Pump and baffle systems: Pump and baffle aeration systems usually consist of a pontoon-mounted high-volume pump, about 150 feet of hose and a chute or flume. The pump is placed in the lake as far from the chute as possible. water is pumped to the top of the chute where it cascades over a series of baffles, absorbing oxygen before returning to the lake. This type of aeration system does not create, nor does it require, a large open water area to prevent winterkill. Aeration takes place in the chute and the aerated water is returned to the lake. Pump and baffle systems are more energy intensive to operate than air pumping systems, but they do not have to be started as early in the winter. Pump and baffle systems are generally best suited to lakes which winterkill infrequently. All of these systems function by creating a refuge area with adequate dissolved oxygen where fish can survive until ice out in the spring. They do not, nor are they intended to, aerate the entire lake basin. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION The Division of Ecological and Water Resources (MNDNR) has primary responsibility for administration of the Aeration Permit Program. This program allows individuals, organizations and units of government to operate aeration systems on public waters for winterkill prevention, water quality improvement, shoreline property protection and wintering captive waterfowl. An aquatic biologist in St. Paul reviews permit applications, prepares permits for signature and serves as liaison between groups and individuals involved in lake aeration and the department. Regional and area fisheries personnel are often the initial contacts for people interested in lake aeration. Applicants send completed applications to the Regional Fisheries Manager for initial review, the Regional Wildlife Manager, and the Regional Parks and Trails Manager also review aeration permit applications. Upon completion of regional review, the application is sent to St. Paul with recommendation for issuance or denial. After final review by central office staff, the application is reviewed by the Director of the Division of Ecological and Water Resources and either approved or denied. 2
REGULATIONS Aeration system operation in public waters is regulated by Minnesota Statutes Section 103G.611 and Minnesota Rules 1988 parts 6116.0010 to 6116.0070. The statute describes permittee responsibility to post warning signs at access points to the lake, post signs around areas of open water and thin ice, and publish notice of the commencement of operation. The rule describes when permits are required, application procedures, and criteria for permit issuance, permit conditions and other related items. The aeration rule, which went into effect November 30, 1988, replaced Commissioners Orders 2194 and 2258. An operational order outlining departmental procedures to ensure rule requirements are met was developed and became effective August 1989 (MN Rules 6116). The Statute, 103G.611 was revised in 2003 to include an annual permit fee for winter time aeration. The Statute was again revised in 2006 to clarify operation of a system on protected waters without public access. Aeration systems are inspected for compliance with safety regulations by area fisheries personnel and conservation officers. This involves the inspection of all aeration systems, including those operated by private hatchery operators. DISCUSSION Area fisheries supervisors monitor the dissolved oxygen concentration of lakes in their areas throughout the winter. When winterkill of fish appears to be imminent, a lake may be opened to liberalized fishing. Under liberalized fishing status, regulations regarding limits and methods of capture are relaxed to allow fish that would probably die due to oxygen depletion to be taken by anglers. The number of lakes opened to liberalized fishing is a rough indicator of winter severity. During the worst winterkill season of record (1955-56), 308 lakes were opened to liberalized fishing (Scidmore 1970). Due to a recent series of mild winters, on average of five lakes statewide are opened to liberalized fishing each year. Last winter (2012-13), no lakes were opened to liberalized fishing. A total of 320 aeration permits were issued during the 2012-13 season. This includes 290 renewals (91% of the permits issued) and seventeen (17) new permits. Eight permits were renewed after having lapsed. The overall trend has been a steady increase in the number of permits issued in the last thirty years (Figure 1). The same trend is true for the regions as well (Figure 2). The 320 permits issued in 2012-13 authorized aeration in 294 lakes totaling 122,921 acres, of which 184 permits were issued for public waters with access for winterkill prevention (see MN Rules 1988, part 6116.0010, subpart 6 for definition of public access), for a total of 72,916 acres (Table 1; Figure 3). All acreages listed are from An inventory of Minnesota s MN DNR Bulletin 25 (Div. of Waters 1968). Pump and baffle systems were installed in 25 of these lakes, Aire0 2 units were installed in 73 lakes, mechanical surface agitators were installed in 21 lakes, a combination of system types was used in 9 lakes, and diffuser systems operated in 52 lakes. Bait dealers and commercial hatchery operations were permitted to operate in 26 public water bodies 3
totaling 1,391 acres. Sixty-four (64) other public waters were aerated for other purposes including: shoreline protection; providing open water for captive waterfowl; and preventing winterkill and improving water quality combined. Table 2 provides a detailed analysis of permit issuance for 2012-13. Winter inspections of aeration systems were conducted by inspectors from the divisions of Enforcement and Fish and Wildlife (Fisheries). A total of 880 inspections were made in 2012-13, an increase more than double from the previous year. Of these, Enforcement inspectors conducted 365 inspections and Fisheries inspectors conducted 515. The inspectors found a total of 67 discrepancies (8%) out of the 880 inspections completed, a 9% decrease from the previous year. Discrepancies included fallen or missing thin ice or warning signs, signs too far apart, open water extending beyond the thin ice signs, or malfunctioning aeration equipment. A total of 178 inspections were completed in Region I of which 13 (7%) showed discrepancies. There were three (3) inspections completed in Region II with zero (0%) discrepancies. Inspectors conducted 155 inspections in Region III of which 6% showed discrepancies, and 544 inspections were conducted in Region IV with 8% discrepancies. There have been seven fatalities at aeration system sites, the last occurring in 1999. No deaths resulted from accidents at aeration system sites in 2012-13. REGION I (Bemidji) REGIONAL AERATION SUMMARY There were 62 aeration permits issued in Region 1 during the 2012-13 season, 19% of the total number of permits issued. Of the 62 permits issued, 53 (85%) were renewals, four were renewed after having lapsed, and five were new permits. The 62 permits issued in Region I authorized aeration in 54 public waters, or 18% of the total public waters aerated statewide. Private hatchery operators accounted for 46% of the aeration permitted water bodies in Region I. Private hatchery operators received five permits for 25 (1,314 acres) public waters (8.5% of the statewide total lakes permitted or 1% of the total acres permitted) (Figure 4). Appendix 1 lists water bodies under aeration permit issued to private hatchery operators. Private organizations and municipalities were issued 12 aeration permits to prevent winterkill in 12 lakes (8,682 acres) with public access. Forty aeration permits were issued to private individuals on 13 lakes (28,889 acres) to prevent shoreline property damage due to ice expansion. One permit was issued to the State covering 41 acres. Four other aeration permits were issued to private groups to prevent winterkill in public waters (382 acres) without public access. Three aerated lakes were reported to have experienced winterkill according to questionnaire results. For more details, including acreage of water under aeration permit, permittee, and purpose of operation see Tables 3 and 4. 4
REGION II (Grand Rapids) s in Region II are generally deeper and less fertile than in other areas of the state and very few winterkill. The abundance of lakes in this region, which do not winterkill greatly outnumber those lakes that do. The reorganization of the regions from six to four in 2002 lead to a redistribution of aeration permits between the regions. Region II changed from zero permits in 2001 to ten in 2002 to seven in 2005. There were ten (10) permits issued for the 2012-13 season, of which nine were renewals and one was a new permit. Of these ten permits, which represent 3% of the total number of permits issued statewide, nine were issued for lakes with access and one was issued for a lake without access. No aerated lakes reported winterkill according to questionnaire results. For more information, see Table 5. REGION III (St. Paul) There were 137 aeration permits issued for 129 lakes/ponds (23,177 acres) in Region III last season (43% of the total number of permits issued). Nine were new permits. Pine Tree and Alexander lakes have two permits respectively. Region III, the Metropolitan area, is the most densely populated region of the state. s and ponds receive nutrient run-off from a variety of sources. As a result, many lakes are hypereutrophic. Aeration has been employed to serve a variety of purposes in Region III. Seventy-seven permits were issued to municipalities for operation of aeration systems in 71 lakes (10,289 acres) with public access. Seven permits (921 acres) were issued to municipalities for lakes without public access. Sixteen permits (4,221 acres) were issued to clubs for lakes with public access, and seven permits (644 acres) were issued to clubs operating aeration systems in lakes without public access. Thirty-seven permits (6,898 acres) were issued to private individuals. The Minnesota Zoological Garden received one permit to operate three aeration systems (17 acres) for waterfowl and water quality. One permit was issued to Fort Snelling State Park for prevention of winterkill in Snelling. One permit was issued to a private hatchery operator to aerate one (77 acres) public water. One lake experienced winterkill in Region III according to questionnaire results. For a more detailed breakdown of permit issuance in Region III, see Table 6. REGION IV (New Ulm) Region IV has 34.7% of the permits issued statewide. Last season, 111 permits (58,956 acres) were issued in Region IV; 106 were renewals (95%). The 111 aeration permits issued in Region IV authorized the aeration of 102 public waters. s are less common in this area of the state and many are small and shallow. Soils are fertile and agriculture is extensive. Erosion deposits large amounts of soil, fertilizer and agricultural chemicals into lakes, accelerating eutrophication and creating high oxygen demand. These conditions are typical of Midwestern lakes (Schneberger, 1970). Many anglers reside in this area of the state and winterkill lakes are an important fisheries resource. Ninety-six permits were issued to private organizations and municipalities to 5
prevent winterkill of fish in 91 lakes (52,934 acres) with public access. Two permits were issued to prevent winterkill in two protected waters without public access. Three permits were issued to municipalities and private individuals to improve water quality. Albert Lea has two permits. According to the questionnaires returned, three aerated lakes experienced winterkill last season in Region IV. For a detailed breakdown of permit issuance in Region IV including acreages, purpose of operation, permittees (private, clubs, municipalities) and lake location (county), see Table 7. QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS Completed questionnaires were received from 226 of 320 permittees, a 71% return. Operational information is summarized in Table 8, whereas, Appendix 2 lists operational information for individual aerated lakes. Questionnaire information is incomplete and subjective, making it difficult to determine specific system efficiency in preventing winterkill. Fifty-one (51) respondents indicated their aeration system was not operated last winter. The average cost for insurance (n=45) was $387.90. This figure includes all permittees operating an aeration system in lakes with or without public access. The range of insurance premiums for the 2012-13 season was $5.00-$1,027.00. One respondent indicated there was difficulty in acquiring the required insurance. One hundred seventy-five (175) of the respondents indicated their aeration system was operated last winter and 62 of those indicated that waterfowl over wintered on the lake. Of these, nine respondents are located in Region I, one in Region II, 41 in Region III, and 11 respondents are in Region IV. An estimated 6,099 waterfowl used the open water areas provided by aeration systems (range 4-1,000 per aerated lake). Most of the birds were mallards and Canada geese. Of the 175 permittees that responded and operated their systems last winter, 165 (94 %) indicated they were satisfied with system performance. Of these, 15% were Helixor systems, 7% were Clean-Flo systems, 8% were pump and baffles, 25% were AireO2 and Aeromix systems, 24% were other types of bubbler systems, and 15% were mechanical surface agitators. Complaints ranged from mechanical failures to undersized and ineffective equipment. Two respondents indicated safety problems with their aeration systems. Some aerated lakes experienced partial winterkill last season. Seven of the 175 respondents that operated their aeration systems last winter reported some evidence of winterkill at ice out. Of these, one was an AireO2, two were Helixors and two were pump and baffle systems. Based on the responses to the questionnaire as summarized in Table 8, AireO2 systems were on average the least expensive to operate per acre, with the Helixor and the mechanical surface agitator a close second and third. Whereas, pump and baffle systems were the most expensive to operate per acre and had the most horsepower per acre. Helixors were the least expensive to operate based on the horsepower of the 6
system and the length of time they were operated. Helixor systems were on average used on larger sized lakes, up to 2,000 acres, and had the highest average horsepower per system. Clean Flo systems were used on smaller lakes up to 800 acres in size and had the smallest average horsepower per system. Mechanical surface aerators, on average, were the smallest systems based on total average horsepower, but were used on larger area lakes. Air injector systems and mechanical surface agitators were used on lakes up to 1,600 acres in size. To maximize efficiency and reduce operating costs, it is important to size the aerator to the size of the lake and the intended purpose. 7
LITERATURE CITED Danks, M.A. 2012. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report, 2011-12. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Ecol. & Water Res. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 2011B. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report, 2010-11. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Ecol. & Water Res. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 2011A. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report, 2009-10. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Ecol. & Water Res. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 2010. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report, 2008-09. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Ecol. Res. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 2010. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report, 2007-08. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Ecol. Res. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 2009. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report, 2006-07. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Ecol. Res. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 2007. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report, 2005-06. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Ecol. Serv. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 2006. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report, 2004-05. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Ecol. Serv. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 2005. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report, 2003-04. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wild., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 1999. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 1997-98. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wildl., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 1998. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 1996-97. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wildl., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 1996. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 1995-96. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wildl., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 1995. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 1994-95. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wildl., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 1994. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 1993-94. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wildl., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 1994. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 1992-93. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wildl., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 1992. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 1991-92. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wildl., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report. Danks, M.A. 1992. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 1990-1991. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wildl., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report. 8
LITERATURE CITED (Continued) Division of Waters, Soils and Minerals. 1968. An Inventory of Minnesota s. Minnesota Conservation Department, Bulletin No. 25. Enger, S.M. 1988. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 1987-88. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wildl., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report 1. Enger, S.M. and M.A. Danks, 1992. Aeration Permit Program Annual Report 1989-1990. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish. Wildl., Ecol. Serv. Sec. Staff Report. Pederson, D.W. 1982. Aeration and mixing systems in Minnesota lakes. Minn. Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Fish Wildl., Spec. Pub. No.133. Schneberger, E., ed. 1970. A symposium on the management of Midwestern winterkill lakes. Special Publication, North Central Division, American Fisheries Society. Scidmore, W.J. 1970. Using winterkill to advantage. Pages 47-51 in: E. Schneberger, ed. A symposium on the management of Midwestern winterkill lakes. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ., North Central Div. 9
Table 1. Aerated Acres 2012-13. ACRES REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 REGION 4 OVERALL s with public access s without public access 36,235 3,112 20,949 55,824 116,120 1,181 260 2,228 3,132 6,801 TOTAL 37,416 3,372 23,177 58,956 122,921 10
Table 2. 2012-13 Aerated s/permits. Region s w/access Winterkill Permits Bait Dealers Shoreline Other Total C M S P Ponds Permits s Permit s Permit Permits I 12 8 3 1 0 25 5 13 40 4 5 62 (19%) II 4 3 0 0 1 0 0 2* 3 2 3 10 (3%) III 71 11 57 1 2 1 1 4 8 54 57 137 (43%) IV 97 45 51 0 1 0 0 1 1 4 13 111 (35%) Totals 184 67 111 2 4 26 6 20 52 64 78 320 s Acres Permits Protected waters with access for winterkill prevention = 184 72,916 184 Protected waters under permit to Bait Dealers = 26 1,391 6 Shoreline Protection* Other** = = 20 64 35,864 12,750 52 78 294 122,921 320 Total number of permits for protected waters for winterkill prevention = 206 Total number of permits for protected waters without access for winterkill prevention = 22 320 total permits, new permits = 17 Old permits reissued = 8 **Other includes Protected waters with no public access. Protected waters with public access for water quality improvement. Summer only systems. * = Marinas along Superior C = Clubs; M = Municipalities; S = State; P = Privately Operated 11
Table 3. Region I lakes with public access aerated to prevent winterkill, 2012-13. County C M S Total No. of lakes Total Acres Average Size (acres) Becker 1 0 0 1 1,453 1,453 Clay 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clearwater 0 1 0 1 1,465 1465 Douglas 0 0 0 0 0 0 Marshall 0 1 0 1 42 42 Otter Tail 2 1 0 3 1,165 388 Polk 3 0 0 3 1,821 607 Pope 0 0 1 1 41 41 Stevens 1 0 0 1 488 488 Wadena 1 0 0 1 356 356 Totals 8 3 1 12 6,831 N/A # lakes with public access aerated to prevent winterkill = 12 (C = 8; M = 3; S = 1) Total Acreage = 6,831 Average lake size (acres) = 569.3 Permits issued to Municipalities for lakes with access = 3 (1,756 acres) Permits issued to Clubs for lakes with access = 8 (5,034 acres) Permits issued to the State w/access = 1 (41 acres) Permits issued for shoreline protection = 40 (13 lakes; 28,889 acres) Melissa 1,827 acres 8 permits Lida 7,277 acres 7 permits Little Pine 2,036 1 permit Eunice 370 acres 1 permit Lizzie 4,145 acres 2 permits Island 1,209 acres 1 permit West McDonald 597 acres 1 permit Paul 334 acres 1 permit Fish 284 acres 1 permit Big Cormorant 3,380 acres 2 permits Pelican 4,314 acres 12 permits Marion 1,610 acres 2 permits Little McDonald 1,506 acres 1 permit Permits issued to Bait Dealers, & P. Hatchery operators = 5 (25 ponds, 1,314 acres) Permits issued to private individuals to prevent winterkill = 4 (382 acres) for lakes without access Permits issued to the State without access = 0 (0 acres) Permits issued to private individuals to improve water = 1 (1,892 acres) quality for lakes with access Total Permits issued = 62 (37,416 acres) in 54 lakes and ponds *C = Club; M = Municipality; S = State 12
Table 4. Summary by county of protected waters in Region I, under aeration permit issued to private hatchery operators in 2012-13. County Total No. of Ponds Total Acres Average Size Pond (Acres) Per County Becker 1 242 242.0 Douglas 3 47 15.6 Grant 3 168 56.0 Otter Tail 13 620 47.7 Polk 0 0 0 Pope 2 90 45.0 Stevens 2 78 39.0 Todd 1 69 69.0 Totals 25 1,314 N/A Averages: Bait dealers permitted = 5 (5 permits) Average number of ponds/permit = 5 Average size of ponds = 52.6 acres (range 6 to 242 acres) Average number of acres/permit = 263 13
Table 5. Region II lakes with public access aerated to prevent winterkill, 2012-13. County C M P Total No. of lakes Total Acres Average Size (acres) Aitkin 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cass 3 0 1 4 1,093 273.3 Crow Wing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals 3 0 1 4 1,09 N/A s with public access aerated to prevent winterkill = 4 Total Acreage = 1,093 Average lake size (acres) = 273.3 Permits issued to Municipalities for lakes without access = 0 Permits issued to Municipalities for lakes with access = 0 Permits issued to Clubs for lakes with access = 4 (1,564 acres) Permits issued to Clubs for lakes without access = 1 (260 acres) Privately operated systems for lakes with access = 3 (1,548 acres) Privately operated systems for lakes without access = 0 (0 acres) Permits issued to State with access (marinas) = 2 Total Permits issued = 10 (3,372 total acres in 8 lakes/ponds) C = Club; M = Municipality; P = Privately Operated, S = State 14
Table 6. Region III lakes with public access aerated to prevent winterkill, 2012-13. County C M P S Total No. of lakes Total Acres Average Size (acres) Anoka 0 8 0 0 8 3,082 385.3 Carver 0 3 0 0 3 333 111 Chisago 0 1 0 0 1 35 35 Crow Wing/Morrison 0 0 1 0 1 1,486 1,486 Dakota 0 21 0 0 21 1,279 60.9 Hennepin 1 7 0 1 9 979 108.7 Kanabec 0 1 0 0 1 63 63 Pine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ramsey 0 6 0 0 6 796 132.7 Scott 4 5 0 0 9 1,545 171.7 Sherburne 1 1 1 0 3 841 280.3 Stearns 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Washington 0 4 0 0 4 282 70.5 Wright 5 0 0 0 5 1,117 223.4 Totals 11 57 2 1 71 11,838 N/A s with public access aerated to prevent winterkill = 71 Total Acreage = 11,838 Average lake size (acres) = 166.7 Permits issued to Municipalities for lakes without access = 7 (921 acres) Permits issued to Municipalities for lakes with access = 77 (10,289 acres) Permits issued to Clubs for lakes with access = 16 (4,221 acres) Permits issued to Clubs for lakes without access = 7 (644 acres) Privately operated systems for lakes with access = 12 (6,329 acres) (Shoreline protection 6 permits/5 lakes (5,370)) (2 permits on Alexander) Privately operated systems for lakes without access = 15 (569 acres) (2 permits in Pine Tree ) Private Hatchery Operator permits for lakes with access = 1 (77 acres) Permits issued to State with access = 1 (110 acres) Permits issued to State without access = 1 (17 acres) Total Permits issued = 137 (23,177 total acres in 129lakes/ponds) C = Club; M = Municipality; P = Privately Operated, S = State 15
Table 7. Region IV lakes with public access aerated to prevent winterkill, 2012-13. County C M P S Total No. of lakes Total Acres Average Size (acres) Big Stone 2 1 0 0 3 2,561 853.7 Blue Earth 5 0 0 0 5 2,834 566.8 Brown 2 2 0 0 3 2,459 819.7 Cottonwood 5 0 0 0 4 788 197 Faribault 1 0 0 0 1 268 268.0 Freeborn 0 4 0 0 3 3,230 1,076.7 Jackson 6 0 0 0 6 2,948 491.3 Kandiyohi 0 9 0 0 8 7,627 953.4 Le Sueur 3 0 0 0 3 1,178 392.7 Lincoln 5 0 0 0 5 6,327 1,265.4 Lyon 0 9 0 0 9 2,518 279.8 Martin 5 3 0 0 8 2,157 269.6 McLeod 2 1 0 0 3 1,505 501.7 Meeker 1 0 1 0 2 774 387.0 Murray 1 12 0 0 12 6,689 557.4 Nobles 1 5 0 0 6 3,903 650.5 Pipestone 0 1 0 0 1 80 80.0 Rice 2 0 0 0 2 1,233 616.5 Sibley 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Steele 0 1 0 0 1 11 11 Waseca 1 1 0 0 2 2,581 1,290.5 Watonwan 3 0 0 0 3 819 273 Yellow Medicine 0 2 0 0 2 664 332.0 Totals 45 51 1 0 92 53,154 N/A s with public access aerated to prevent winterkill = 92 Total Acreage = 53,154 Average lake size (acres) = 577.8 Permits issued to Municipalities for lakes with access = 54 (26,816 acres) (2 permits for Albert Lea & Wilson lakes) Permits issued to Clubs for lakes with access = 46 (27,080 acres) (2 permits for Double & Hanska lakes) Permits issued to Clubs for lakes without access = 2 (120 acres) Private Hatchery Operator = 0 Privately Owned Systems with public access = 4 (1,928 acres) Privately Owned Systems without public access = 1 (18 acres) Permits issued to State for lakes with public access = 1 (0 acres) Permits issued to Municipalities for lakes without access = 0 (0 acres) Permits issued to State for lakes without public access = 3 (2,994 acres) Total Permits Issued = 111 (58,956 acres; 102 lakes) C=Club; M=Municipality; P=Privately Operated, S=State 16
Table 8. Operational Characteristics of Some Aeration Systems, Winter 2012-13. Total hp Area (A) hp/a $/A/mo $/hp/mo KWH/hp/mo KWH/hp/A Helixor Range 2-30 21-2,011 0.006-0.143 0.13-7.21 $ 21.05-96.76 31.34-1208.71 0.05-104.9 Mean (x) 12.6 672.9 0.04 $ 1.54 $ 40.90 343.97 6.86 n 25 23 23 18 18 14 14 Clean-Flo Range 0.5-3.67 22-818 0.008-0.077 $ 0.15-35.26 $ 18.60-664.93 390.03-1,629.43 9.59-84.87 Mean (x) 2.1 191.8 0.029 $ 7.41 $ 146.55 412.78 14.04 N 12 11 11 8 8 5 5 Aire-0 2 Range 0.1-12.0 7-1,634 0.003-0.29 $ 0.09-2.73 $ 19.04-115.38 142.2-994.75 0.36-541.54 Mean (x) 3.2 259.5 0.056 $ 0.75 $ 42.43 290.94 58.33 N 41 40 40 31 31 27 27 Pump & Baffle Range 3.0-20 3-488 0.02-1.67 $ 0.43-120.80 $ 9.26-118.59 56.0-939.01 0.65-93.9 Mean (x) 8.8 121.2 0.33 $ 18.68 $ 54.01 252.86 17.75 N 14 14 14 9 9 9 9 Mechanical Surface Agitators Range 0.25-8.5 17-3,380 0.0001-0.117 $ 0.15-7.10 $ 48.27-161.00 362.44-1,363.87 0.60-248.71 Mean (x) 2.3 628.1 0.021 $ 1.67 $ 88.69 672.33 31.82 n 24 17 17 13 13 11 11 17
Figure 1. Trends in lake aeration permits issued 1978-2012. 18
160 140 120 Number of permits by region 100 80 60 40 REGION I REGION II REGION III REGION IV 20 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Years Figure 2. Aeration permits issued by DNR region, 1978-2012. 19
Figure 3. Number of lakes with public access, by county, issued aeration permits in 2012-13. 20
Figure 4. Distribution by County of ponds aerated under permits issued to private hatchery operators in 2012-13. 21
APPENDICES 22
Appendix 1. Private hatchery operators and protected waters under permit for 2012-13. Permit # Last Name County D.O.W. Acres Region 1 F1231032 P. Koep Douglas Otter Tail F1231038 Jeff Koep Douglas Grant Otter Tail Pope Todd 21-74 21-116 56-85 56-136 56-155 56-720 -- Gravel Pit 26-8 26-33 56-1183 56-23 56-25 56-29 56-49 56-858 56-1182 61-63 61-22 77-52 17 24 19 34 21 30 15 6 31 44 10 87 73 53 43 43 12 28 62 69 F1231092 Joe Koep Otter Tail 56-149 180 F1231103 Goeden Becker Grant 3-269 26-114 242 93 F1231199 Tanner Stevens 75-25 75-26 28 50 Region 3 F1233100 McDonald Sherburne 71-129 77 23
Appendix 2. Questionnaire results of aeration systems operating in winter in lakes with or without public access, 2012-2013. (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) Polcon Helixors Artichoke (6-2) Big Stone 2,011 Save A Aeration 2-15 HP motor/blowers 12 diffusers 45,598 5,302.72 3.6 N Clear (8-11) Brown 325 New Ulm Area Sport fisherman 1-10 HP motor/blower 7 diffusers Hanska (8-26) Brown 1,844 Brown Co. Park Dept. 1-15 HP blower 6 diffusers 34,398 2,705.99 2.8 N Hanska (8-26) Brown 1,844 Hanska Area Association 1-15 HP Helixor 26,944 2,713.30 2.8 N Sleepy Eye (8-45) Brown 290 City of Sleepy Eye 2-5 HP motor/blowers 4 diffusers - 313.92 0.8 N Bingham (17-7) Cottonwood 274 Cottonwood County Game & Fish League 1-5 HP blower 4 diffusers Cottonwood (17-22) Cottonwood 146 Cottonwood County Game & Fish League 1-5 HP motor/blower 3 diffusers Rebecca (19-3) Fountain (24-18) Morin (24-43) Round (27-71) Dakota 35 City of Hastings 1-5 HP blower 2 diffusers Freeborn 555 City of Albert Lea 2-7.5 HP blowers 6 diffusers Freeborn 21 City of Alden 1-3 HP blower 1 diffuser Hennepin 34 City of Eden Prairie 1-7.5 HP blower 1 diffuser 6,609 469.19 3.1 N Loon Jackson 738 Jackson County 2-7.5 HP motor/blowers - - 1.5 N 24
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) (32-20) Conservation League 9 diffusers Polcon Helixors (Con t.) Pearl (32-33) Jackson 117 Jackson County Conservation League 1-7.5 HP blower 3 diffusers - - 1.1 N Round (32-69) Jackson 947 Round Sportsmen s Club 2-7.5 HP motor/blowers 9 diffusers East Solomon (34-246) Foot (34-181) Kandiyohi 733 Kandiyohi County 1-10 HP motor 6 diffusers Kandiyohi 576 Willmar Parks Department 1-25 HP motor/blower 6 diffusers - 1,322.00 2.9 N 37,664 3,766.64 2.6 Y Long (34-192) Kandiyohi 1,7 15 Kandiyohi County 2-10 HP motors 12 diffusers - 151.00 3.0 N Mud (Monongalia) M Fk Crow R. (34-158) Kandiyohi 2,5 16 Kandiyohi County 1-15 HP motor 6 diffusers - 1,012.00 3.0 Y Ringo (34-172) Swenson (34-321) Kandiyohi 774 Kandiyohi County 1-10 HP motor 9 diffusers Kandiyohi 123 Kandiyohi County 1-7.5 HP motor 5 diffusers - 1,210.00 - N - 792.00 3.0 N Wakanda (34-169) Kandiyohi 1,7 92 Kandiyohi County 2-15 HP blowers 12 diffusers 2,821-3.0 N Willmar (34-180) Kandiyohi 761 Willmar Public Works 1-15 HP blower 6 diffusers 25,985 2,662.72 3.3 N Clear LeSueur 282 Lexington Sportsmen s 1-7.5 HP motor 25
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) (40-79) Club 3 diffusers Polcon Helixors (Con t.) Gorman (40-32) LeSueur 590 LeCenter Sportsman s Club 1-7.5 HP compressor 3 diffusers 13,894 783.35 2.9 N Greenleaf (40-20) LeSueur 306 Montgomery Sportsmen s Club 1-5 HP compressors 3 diffusers 6,958 669.11 1.8 N Cottonwood (42-14) George (46-24) Sisseton (46-25) Lyon 383 Lyon County 1-15 HP compressor 6 diffusers Martin 82 City of Fairmont 1-5 HP blower 2 diffusers Martin 139 City of Fairmont 1-15 HP blower 2 diffusers 5,315 540.83 2.2 N 7,896 1,110.72 2.2 N Swan (43-41) McLeod 482 Silver Sportsmen s Club 1-7 HP blower 3 diffusers - 1,200.00 2.6 N Bloody (51-40) First Fulda (South) (51-21) Sarah (51-83) Murray 248 Murray County 1-7.5 HP blower 2 diffusers Murray 122 Murray County 2-7.5 HP motor/blowers 4 diffusers Murray 1,176 Murray County 1-7.5 HP motor/blower 4 diffusers 25,383 2,031.95 2.8 N 10,203 1,333.28 3.0 N 2,570 473.61 3.0 N Indian (53-7) Nobles 204 Round Sportsmen s Club 1-10 HP blower 4 diffusers Okabena Nobles 785 City of Worthington 2-7.5 HP blowers 26,665 2,547.33 2.8 N 26
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) (53-28) 9 diffusers Polcon Helixors (Con t.) Cedar (70-91) Scott 749 New Prague Sportsmen s Club 1-20 HP pump 12 Helixor diffusers Clean-Flo Systems Shack Eddy (2-109) Anoka 22 Armstrong Kennels 2-0.5 HP blower 2 diffuser - 300.00 5.0 N Crystal (7-98) Blue Earth 396 Crystal and Look Rec., Inc. 2-0.75 HP compressors 4 diffusers - - 3.0 N Ida (7-90) Blue Earth 120 Lura Aeration Corp. 1-5 HP compressor 8 diffusers Loon (7-96) Blue Earth 818 Crystal and Loon Rec., Inc. 4-0.75 HP compressors 8 diffusers - - 3.0 N Lura (7-79) Blue Earth 1,263 Lura Aeration Corp. 1-5 HP & 1-4 HP compressor, 12 diffusers Rice Marsh (10-01) Carver 130 Riley Purgatory Bluff Creek Watershed District 1-2 HP and 1-1.5 HP 7 diffusers 6,689 859.16 4.9 N Alimagnet (19-21) Arrowhead (27-45) Indianhead (27-44) Dakota 113 City of Apple Valley 1-2 HP compressor 6 diffusers Hennepin 23 City of Edina 1-1.5 HP compressor 3 diffusers Hennepin 13 City of Edina 4-0.5 HP compressors 4 diffusers 6,322 596.15 2.4 N 27
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) Gleason (27-95) Hennepin 167 Gleason Improvement Assn 4-0.5 HP compressors 16 diffusers Clean-Flo Systems (Con t.) Hadley (27-109) Hennepin 39 Hadley Improvement Assn 6-0.5 HP compressors 7 diffusers - 1,313.00 1.1 N Sweeny-Twin (27-35) Unnamed (Upper) (34-28) Unnamed (Tadd) (34-376) Hennepin 96 Sweeny Assn 2-0.75 HP compressors 2 vent diffusers Kandiyohi 22 City of Atwater 2-2 HP compressors 4 diffusers Kandiyohi 10 City of Atwater 2-2 HP compressors 4 diffusers 29,900 3,898.00 5.0 N did not require questionnaire Mabel (40-11) LeSueur 103 Lucky 13 Sportsmen s Club 2-0.5 compressors 4 diffusers Unnamed (40-58) Unnamed (58-141) LeSueur 18 1-0.75 compressor 2 diffusers Pine 23 1-0.75 compressor 2 diffusers - - 3.2 N Birch (62-24) Ramsey 127 Birch Improvement Assn 1-1 HP compressor 3 diffusers Cody (66-61) Rice 257 Wheatland Twin s Sportsmen s Club 4-0.5 and 2-0.75 HP Compressors, 12 diffusers 8,626 1,052.89 3.6 N Krenz Scott 15 1-HP compressor 28
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) (Sunset) (70-09) 2 diffusers Clean-Flo Systems (Con t.) Unnamed (Fawn) (71-110) Loon (81-15) Pine Tree (82-122) Sherburne 33 Carefree Country Club 2-0.5 HP 4 diffusers 1-0.75 HP 2 diffusers Waseca 119 City of Waseca 1-5 HP compressor 9 diffusers Washington 174 1-0.5 HP compressor 2 diffusers 1,000 1,280.00 1.1 N 588 120.00 4.7 N Pine Tree (82-122) Washington 174 1-0.5 HP compressor 2 diffusers - 120.00 4.3 N Other Bubblers Bijou (3-638) Becker 229 Cormorant Sportsmen s Club 4-Wifle Webber diffusers 2-pumps Ellison (3-484) Becker 79 Cormorant Sportsmen s Club 1-1.0 HP pump 2 diffusers Little Cormorant (3-506) Becker 939 Cormorant Sportsmen s Club 3-1 HP pumps 6 ceramic brick diffusers Ewert s (4-205) Beltrami 34 2-2 HP compressors 4 diffusers - 100.00 5.5 N Mills Blue Earth 237 Crystal and Loon 2-0.75 HP compressors 29
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) (7-97) Restoration 4 diffusers Oak (10-93) Carver 185 4-1 HP compressors 8 diffusers - - 3.6 N Other Bubblers (Con t.) Eagle (11-342) Meadow (11-419) Blue Eagle (14-93) Cass 110 Eagle Association 1-0.5 HP pump 2 diffusers Cass 43 Wilderness Park Assn. 1-1.0 HP pump 2 diffusers Clay 11 City of Barnesville 2-1/2 HP pumps 4 diffusers Fifteen (14-30) Clay 128 Cormorant Sportsmen s Club 2-1 HP motor 4 ceramic diffusers Pine (15-149) Clearwater 1,465 Red Watershed District Bubbler Isabella (19-04) Rice (22-7) Albert Lea (24-14) Pottery Pond (25-38 Dakota 105 City of Hastings Kasco Aire4, 2-0.25 HP compressors, 4 diffusers Faribault 268 Faribault County 2-0.75 compressors 9 diffusers Freeborn 2,654 Faribault County 1 HP compressors Diffuser tubing Goodhue 8 City of Red Wing 1-0.75 HP Vane compressor, 2 diffusers - - 2.7 N 784 30.00 3.9 N Marion McLeod 616 Brownton Rod and Gun 1-5 HP blower 14,105 1,800.00 3.5 N 30
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) (43-84) Club 3 mat diffusers Perch (56-95) Otter Tail 57 1-0.75 HP compressor 1 diffuser - 260.00 4.5 N Unnamed (56-549) Otter Tail 17 1-0.25 HP motor and diffuser hose Other Bubblers (Con t.) Cable (60-293) Gilfillan (62-27) Polk 129 Cable Association 3-0.25 HP pump 3,852 400.61 3.5 Y Ramsey 86 Gilfillan Assn. 1-1 HP bubbler - 550.00 3.9 N Ann (71-69) Sherburne 226 Ann Improvement Club, Inc. 1-.5 HP compressor 2 copper diffusers Kohlmeier (74-19) Jacobs (77-37) Unnamed (77-230) Steele 11 City of Owatonna 2-0.75 HP compressors 3 diffusers Todd 28 1-0.75 HP compressor 1 diffuser Todd 15 2-0.75 HP compressor 2 diffusers - - 3.5 N Stocking (80-37) Wadena 356 Stocking Boosters, Inc. 2 Gast compressors 5 diffusers - 300.00 5.0 N Mud (Battle Creek) (82-91) Unnamed Pond (82-257) Washington 103 City of Woodbury 2-1 HP compressors 6 diffusers Washington 7 0.25 HP blower 2 diffusers - 510.48 3.2 N 31
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) Foster (86-01) Wright 124 Foster Association 1-0.5 HP Kasco Comp. 3 diffusers - - 4.9 Y Pump and Baffle Centerville (2-6) Anoka 464 Anoka County Parks and Recreation Dept. Pump and Baffle (Con t.) 1-20 HP pump and baffle did not return questionnair Crooked (2-84) Anoka 130 City of Coon Rapids 1-10 HP pump and baffle - - 1.2 N Golden (2-45) Anoka 50 City of Circle Pines 1-7.5 HP permanent pump and baffle Martin (2-34) Anoka 218 Anoka County Parks and Recreation 1-10 HP pump and baffle - - 1.0 N Susan (10-13) Marion (19-26) Roger s (19-80) Penn (27-4) Red Rock (27-76) Carver 93 City of Chanhassen 1-7.5 HP pump and baffle Dakota 489 City of ville 1-20 HP pump and baffle Dakota 116 City of Mendota Heights 1-10 HP pump and baffle Hennepin 47 City of Bloomington 15 HP pump and baffle Hennepin 83 City of Eden Prairie 1-7.5 HP pump and baffle Wirth (7-37) Hennepin 37 Mpls. Park and Recr. Board 1-5.0 HP pump and baffle - - 4.4 N 32
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) Wolfe (27-664) Wolf (29-81) Hennepin 3 City of St. Louis Park Built in waterfall 5 HP 1,400 1,800.00 5.0 N Hubbard 274 1-5.0 HP pump and baffle - - 2.9 Y Pump and Baffle (Con t.) Unnamed (Florian Res.) (45-119) Marshall 42 Marshall County Park Board 1-9 HP pump and baffle Wilson (51-81) Murray 164 Murray County 1-10 HP pump and baffle 1,646 268.59 2.9 N Adley (56-31) Fish (56-66) Maple (60-305) Beaver (62-16) Island (62-75) Otter Tail 249 Parker s Prairie Sportsmen s Club Otter Tail 500 Parker s Prairie Sportsmen s Club Polk 1,445 Maple Improvement District Ramsey 65 Ramsey County Public Works Dept. Ramsey 63 Ramsey County Public Works Dept. 1-15 HP pump and baffle 1-10 HP pump and baffle 3-5 HP pump and baffle 1-7.5 HP pump and baffle 11,931 1,313.38 2.5 N 1-20 HP pump and baffle 10,489 1,154.64 0.9 N Loeb (62-231) Ramsey 10 City of St. Paul 1-5 HP pump and baffle - - 3.7 N 33
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) Owasso (62-56) Silver (East) (62-1) Ramsey 360 Ramsey County Public Works Dept. Ramsey 68 Ramsey County Public Works Dept. 1-20 HP pump and baffle 1-20 HP pump and baffle 11,934 1,313.71 3.1 N Silver (62-83) Ramsey 67 City of Columbia Heights 1-10 HP pump and baffle 5,504 642.08 1.2 N Pump and Baffle (Con t.) Cleary (70-22) Scott 137 Three Rivers Park District 1-7.5 HP pump and baffle McMahon (Carls) (70-50) Scott 136 New Market Sportsmen s Club 1-10 HP pump and baffle Hattie (75-200) Goose (82-59) Stevens 488 Save A Aeration, Inc. 1-10 HP pump and baffle 3,155 400.32 1.9 Y Washington 83 Town of New Scandia 1-3 HP pump and baffle 2,441 303.44 1.8 N Shields (82-162) Washington 27 City of Forest CORE pump and baffle 3 HP 7,606 960.58 2.7 N Subsurface Aspirating Systems (Aire-02, Aeromix Tornado) Cedar (1-165) Coon (2-42) Aitkin 260 Cedar Assn 3-2 HP Aeromix tornado Anoka 1,507 Anoka County Parks 3-2 HP Aeromix tornado - - 1.0 N Ham Anoka 193 City of Ham 3-2 HP Aeromix tornadoes 34
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) (2-53) Peltier (2-4) Spring (2-71) Anoka 483 Anoka Co. Parks 2-2 HP Aeromix - - 0.9 N Anoka 37 City of Spring Park 1-2 HP Aeromix East Toqua (6-138) Big Stone 440 City of Graceville 2-2.5 HP Aeromix 7,941 1,118.00 3.4 N Subsurface Aspirating Systems (Aire-02, Aeromix Tornado) (Con t.) Long Tom (6-29) Big Stone 110 Save A Aeration 2-2 HP Aqua tornadoes 3,979 300.54 1.0 Y Eagle (10-121) Carver 230 Carver County Public Works Dept. 4-2 HP Aire-02 aerators George (11-101) Cass 720 George Association 1-Aire 02 3,197 490.00 1.1 N Loon (11-226) Cass 220 Loon Property Owners 2-2 HP Aeromix tornadoes 7,669 931.00 2.8 N Moody (13-23) Platte (18-88) Bald (19-61) Chisago 35 Comfort L, Forest L. W.D. 2-2 HP Aire-02 Crow Wing 1,486 Platte Association 1-2 HP Aeromix tornadoes Dakota 10 City of Eagan 1-2 HP Neptune air injector 4,699 568.00 2.9 N Birch Pond (19-202) Dakota 3 School of Environmental Studies Neptune air injection system 35
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) Blackhawk (19-59) Burr Oaks (19-259) Cliff (19-68) Dakota 39 City of Eagan 1-2 HP air injection system 4,435 536.00 2.8 N Dakota 19 City of Eagan 1-2 HP pump 4,752 575.00 3.0 N Dakota 16 City of Eagan 1-2 HP air injection system 4,541 549.00 2.8 N Farquar (19-23) Dakota 74 City of Apple Valley 1-2 HP air injection system 4,446 565.01 2.4 N Subsurface Aspirating Systems (Aire-02, Aeromix Tornado) (Con t.) Fish (19-57) Dakota 28 City of Eagan 1-2 HP air injection system 3,432 415.00 2.1 N Gun Club (19-245) Dakota 8 City of Inver Grove Heights 1-2 HP Aeromix tornado Hay (19-62) Heine (19-153) Holland (19-65) LeMay (19-55) Manor (19-64) McDonough (19-76) Dakota 20 City of Eagan 1-2 HP air pump 4,699 568.00 2.9 N Dakota 7 City of Eagan 1-2 HP pump 739 89.00 0.4 N Dakota 33 Dakota Co. Parks 1-2 HP Aire 02 Dakota 44 City of Eagan 1-2 HP air injection system 3,484 421.00 2.2 N Dakota 14 City of Eagan 1-2 HP air injection system 3,538 428.00 2.2 N Dakota 19 Dakota County Parks 1-2 HP Aire 02 - - 2.2 N 36
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) Pickerel (19-79) Dakota 51 City of St. Paul 1-2 HP Neptune air injector - - 3.2 N East Thomas (19-161) Dakota 39 City of Eagan 1-0.1 HP solar powered pump 2,112 255.00 1.3 N Thomas (19-67) Dakota 56 City of Eagan 1-2 HP air injection pump 5,438 658.00 3.4 N Subsurface Aspirating Systems (Aire-02, Aeromix Tornado) (Con t.) Thompson (19-48) Unnamed (Schwartz) (19-63) Aldrich (21-222) Dakota 10 Dakota County Parks 1-2 HP Neptune pump Dakota 13 City of Eagan 1-2 HP air injection pump 4,435 536.00 2.8 N Douglas 173 2-2 HP Aeromix tornadoes Albert Lea (24-14) Frontenac Pond (25-3) Bass (27-98) Freeborn 2,654 Shellrock River Watershed District Goodhue 34 Frontenac Sportsman s Club Hennepin 175 Bass Improvement Assn 2-7.5 HP Aeromix systems - - 2.9 N 1-2 HP Aire-02 1,842 158.00 1.7 N 2-2 HP Aire-02 8,105 971.20 2.7 N Crystal (27-34) Hennepin 74 City of Robbinsdale 2-2 HP Aire-02 10,333 1,275.88 3.8 N 37
Appendix 2. (Con t.) (DOW #) County Area (A) System description (No. of units, rating) Consumption (KWH) costs ($) Number Months operated Winterkill (Y or N) Hyland (27-48) Mitchell (27-70) Rebecca (27-192) Hennepin 87 Three Rivers Park District 2-2 HP Aeromix Tornado Hennepin 116 City of Eden Prairie 2-2 HP Aire 0-2 s Hennepin 290 Three Rivers Park District 3-2 HP Aire-02 aerators Petite (29-147) Hubbard 58 Wonewok Conference Center 1-2 HP air injection system - - - - Subsurface Aspirating Systems (Aire-02, Aeromix Tornado) (Con t.) Mora (33-34) Elizabeth (34-22) Dead Coon (41-21) Kanabec 63 City of Mora 1-2 HP Aqua tornado Kandiyohi 1,153 Kandiyohi County 2-2 HP Aeromix systems - - 2.5 N Lincoln 555 Tyler Rod & Gun Club 2-2 HP Aire-02 Hendricks (41-110) Lincoln 1,634 Hendricks Improvement Assn 4-2 HP Aire-02 aerators 4,778 639.90 4.2 N Stay (41-34) Clear (42-55) East Goose (42-93) Lincoln 220 Arco Sportsmen s Club 2-2 HP Aqua tornadoes Lyon 68 Lyon County 1-2 HP Aire-02 Lyon 151 Lyon County 2-2 HP Aire-02 38