Development of Hybrid Rice for Food Security in the World L. P. Yuan (China National Hybrid Rice R & D Center)
Rice is a major food crop Feeds more than half of the world population It is expected that 60%more rice should be produced in 2030 than in 1995 Currently 1 ha of rice production provides food for 27 people. By 2050, 1 ha will have to support 43 people.
Hybrid rice can greatly increase rice yield
What is Hybrid Rice? Utilization of Hybrid vigor (heterosis)
F 1 indica japonica
桂花黄 F 1 南京 11 号 japonica indica
GDS RB207-1 GDS/RB207-1
GDS/RB207
Hybrid vigor only exits in F 1 generation, so it is needed to produce F 1 hybrid seed every year.
By means of male sterile lines, large amount of F 1 hybrid seed can be produced for commercial production.
Normal anthers Degenerated anthers
Normal pollen grains Abortive pollen grains
hybrid seed production
Current Status in China Total rice area: 29.5 million ha Average yield: 6.4t/ha Area of hybrid rice: 17 million ha(57%) Average yield of hybrid rice: 7.5t/ha Yield advantage: over 20% Feeding 70 million more people annually
Recent Progress Development of Super Hybrid Rice
Super Rice Breeding Program Yield standards of the Super Rice in China Phase Yield of single season rice Yield increase 1990 s level 8.25 0 Phase Ⅰ (1996-2000) Phase Ⅱ (2001-2005) Phase Ⅲ (2006-2015) 10.50 Over 20% 12.00 Over 40% 13.50 Over 60% * Tons/ha at 2 locations with 6.7 ha each in 2 consecutive years.
Achievements and Progress Several pioneer super hybrid rice varieties had been developed by 2000, which met phaseⅠyield standard. The average yield is around 8.3 t/ha in large scale commercial production (over 1 million ha) in recent years.
P64S/9311
P64S/9311
Achievements and Progress The goal of developing phaseⅡsuper hybrid rice was achieved in 2004; The area under phaseⅡ super hybrids was near 1 million ha in 2012 and the average yield was around 9 t/ha.
Liangyou293
Y liangyou No.1
Achievements and Progress The Phase Ⅲ super hybrid rice breeding program was achieved in 2011 and 2012.
The 7.2 ha-demonstrative location yielding 13.9 t/ha at Longhui, Hunan in 2011
Y Liangyou No. 2, the super hybrid rice variety yielding 13.9 t/ha at Longhui, Hunan in 2011
Achievements and Progress Based on the above progress, the Phase Ⅳ super hybrid rice breeding program has been started. The yield target is 15 t/ha and could be achieved by 2015.
Super hybrid rice in upland condition Estimated yield: 7t/ha
Hybrid Rice outside China Hybrid rice commercialized in India, Vietnam, Philippines, Bangladesh, Indonesia and USA, the total planting area was 5.2 million ha in 2012 India: Area: > 2,000,000 ha Yield advantage: 15-20% Bangladesh: Area:700,000 ha Yield: 7 t/ha against 4.5 t/ha Indonesia: Area: 650,000 ha Vietnam: Area: 600,000 ha Yield: 6.3t/ha against 4.5 t/ha for inbred varietie Philippines: Area: 191,000 ha Yield: about 6.5 t/ha against 4.5 t/ha USA: Area: 440,000 ha Yield increase: >20%
Hybrid Rice in Philippines
Hybrid Rice Seed Production in USA
Hybrid Rice outside China Good progress has been made in: Pakistan Brazil Egypt Madagascar Liberia
Hybrid rice in Guinea With the highest yield of 9.23 t/ha, hybrid rice had a common yield level of 5-6 t/ha, while the local rice varieties yield only 1.5-2.0 t/ha on average in Guinea.
Hybrid rice in Liberia China initiated an agricultural aid project to Liberia from 2005 to 2013, which is carried out by our Longping High-tech Agriculture Co., Ltd. President of Liberia Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf visited in 2006 Our experts also tested hybrid rice in experimental field and the primary results are very encouraging: the yield of hybrid rice(6.5-7.0t/ha) was more than tripled that of local rice variety(1.5-2.0t/ha).
International Training on Hybrid Rice Technology Up to now, more than 3000 researchers, technicians and agricultural officials from over 60 countries in Asia, Africa and South America have been trained at China National Hybrid Rice R&D Center, which greatly popularizes the knowledge of hybrid rice and enhances hybrid rice research and development in these countries.
Hybrid Rice Training
Hybrid Rice Training in Liberia Dec., 2005 to June, 2006
Conclusion Hybrid rice will play a key role in ensuring food security worldwide in 21 st century. If 50% of rice paddy covered by rice hybrids in the world, rice production could be increased by another 150 million tons. 400-500 million more people can be fed.
For the benefit of the people in the whole world, our Center and I are well prepared to help other countries to develop hybrid rice