HWTS in Indonesia: Dr. H. Wan Alkadrie S.S. MSc. Director of Health & Environment Ministry of Health RI WHO Stakeholder Forum on Household Water Management Nairobi, Kenya January 29-31, 2007
Republic of Indonesia Population: 245m with 57% in villages Geography: 17,000 islands over 5000kms Socio-Economy: GDP per capita US$3,700; <40 million (17.8%) below poverty line Religion: Muslim(88%), Christian (8%), Hindu, Buddhist, others (4%) Culture: More than 300 ethnic groups; 580 languages and dialects; national language Bahasa Indonesia
Sector background Despite substantial investment over many years Indonesia s current water supply and sanitation sector is among the poorest performing in the region. Lack of adequate service coverage and quality has severe consequences for public health, the economy, and the environment. More than 100 million or 47% of the population do not have access to improved sanitation 1. More than 50 million or 22% of the population do not have access to improved water supply 1. The government is committed to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) but this will require a major increase in the levels of investment. 1. 2004, Joint Monitoring Program
Water & sanitation access challenge Population Access to sanitation Access to water supply Improved Unserved Improved Unserved Rural 118 million (54%) 45 million (38%) 73 million (62%) 81 million (69%) 36 million (31%) Urban 100 million (46%) 70 million (70%) 30 million (30%) 89 million (89%) 11 million (11%) Total 218 million 115 million (53%) 103 million (47%) 170 million (78%) 47 million (22%)
Percentages of Bacteriological in Drinking and Clean Water in 2001-2004 No. Water Quality years 2001 (109 Kab/Kota) 2002 (153 Kab/Kota) 2003 (113 Kab/Kota) 2004 (119 Kab/Kota) 1 Drinking water 74,11 % 64,87 % 79,91 % 78,99 % 2 Clean Water 60,25 % 49,04 % 53,76 % 57,09 % Routine report
What people do Understanding behaviors around water treatment 90+ % of population boiling water No experience with other treatment technologies Why people treat successful boiling promotion, kill germs, the norm
Why an alternative to boiling? 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Source water Household drinking water Tangerang Mauk Binjai Water quality samples Escherichia coli
What we found out Formative research Diarrhea weakly related to water quality Boil to kill germs, also make water taste better Boiling the accepted norm People like to know the source of safe water (trust) Some open to new ideas to get water cheaper and easier
Current practice Majority (over 90%) boil as preferred water treatment method Other treatments available Air RahMat (SWS) (Large scale) SODIS (small scale) PuR (small scale) Candle filter (small scale) Various other Filter technologies (small scale) Refill Water (large scale)
Aman Tirta Program Indonesia USAID Funded Safe Water Program Safe Water Systems technology (CDC) Liquid 1.25% sodium hypochlorite Commercial manufacture and distribution Commercial model non subsidized Private Public Partnership At end of program private sector takes over
Product Air RahMat = Blessed Water Rah - murah (economical) M Mudah (easy/practical) AT sehat (healthy)
Price Retail Price: $0.44 per bottle Estimated one bottle sufficient for one family for one month Using Air RahMat is estimated to be 16 times cheaper than boiling (Rp 6.5/L vs Rp.102/L)
Linking the drivers to the product Promoting the product Relate it to other attributes other than diarrhea Using the product is very economical (this became main driver due to rise in fuel prices) Practical its easy to use and takes less time to prepare safe water
Key to delivery Distribution Retailers small stores, provisional stores and pharmacies (through national distributor) Non- traditional retailers NGOs, micro finance, women s groups and individuals interested in selling (orphanages, communities)
Starting at Scale Started in 2 provinces/ 8 districts Estimated population 10.25 million Roll out with media and community activities TV, Radio, print and billboards Supported by NGOs implementing community mobilization activities
Starting at Scale
Aman Tirta Results Results to date: More than 1 million sold/distributed (1 year) 500 traditional retailers stocking the product 19 Non-traditional retailers (group) with approx 250 members selling 100 NTRs (individuals)
Other POU programs/technologies Small scale programs for other technologies have been and are being implemented including: SODIS- through local NGO PuR- community based retail in selected areas Various filter systems- commercially available Bio-sand filter- coming AquaTabs- emergency response and military
Challenges for POU in Indonesia Lack of experience with other POU technologies other than boiling Distrust among people to drink raw water Lack of information on other POU technologies Lack of confidence in using new POU technologies Successful government s policy of promoting boiling for all drinking water (including tap water)
Next steps Draft MOH policy endorsing POU technologies (other than boiling) Implement a Environmental Technology Verification system to ensure safe & proven technologies Disseminate new POU policy to all levels (national, provincial and district Health departments) Integrate POU methods into health department programs