Prepared By: Progressive Safety Services LLC
Definition Goals/Benefits Involvement Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Review
The assessment of risks present in a particular environment Classification of exposure based on the level of risk
Risk is inherent in many situations Recognize that when it exceeds plan we must step back and re-evaluate our actions/behavior Maximum Exposure Plan Minimal Exposure
Process A Continuous Never ending Hazard Analysis
Provide a proactive and continuous approach to identifying, eliminating, controlling, and/or reducing workplace hazards Engage employees at all levels to work together to create a safe workplace Change culture
Leads to a collaborative culture People working together to eliminate, control, and reduce exposure
Who should be involved?
Everyone: Management Operations Purchasing Engineering Project Managers Contractors
Management Drive the process Support the process Allow resources for success Time Materials Knowledge Training Money
Operations Continually analyze the working interface Seek ways to eliminate, control, or reduce exposure Communicate hazards
Purchasing Evaluate types of tools and equipment brought into the work environment Involve operations in purchasing decisions Engineering/Project Management Include hazard analysis component on all projects. Are we introducing new hazards into the work environment? Are there opportunities to eliminate, control, or reduce exposure?
Contractors Pre-Project Planning Routine Hazard Analysis Routine Planning
Job Safety Analysis (Job Hazard Analysis) Have the right tools in your toolbox
Identifying, eliminating, reducing or controlling workplace hazards
Focuses on the tasks or jobs people perform in the work environment Routine Non-Routine Focuses on exposure created by actions rather than conditions Formal versus informal
JSA#: Job Safety Analysis Task/Job: Business Group: Analysis Team: Facility: Department: Approved By: Date: Required PPE See page two of JSA for personal protective equipment inventory Job Steps 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Hazards Safe Work Practice/Controls 18
Select the job The JSA Process The Process Select the analysis team Separate the job into steps Identify the hazards Eliminate/reduce/control the hazards Reviewing/revising the JSA Reviewing the JSA with employees
Need to effectively select and prioritize the jobs to be analyzed Several factors should be considered
Activities with significant incident frequency or severity. Near Misses Incident Reports Last 5-10 years of data. Activities employees feel have the highest risk or potential for severe injury/fatalities. Examples Cleaning bins Use of sweep auger Railroad operations Others????
Priority Index P= S X F P= Priority Index Rating S= Severity Rating F= Frequency Rating Severity Ratings 5 Fatality 4 Loss of Permanent Function 3 Lost Time Injury 2 Recordable with No Lost Time 1 First Aid Only Injury Frequency Ratings 5 Multiple Injuries and near miss events in recent past. Higher the number, greater the priority 3 Few injuries and near misses in the recent past. 1 No injuries or near misses in the recent past.
Persons who perform the job must be involved Real life example Recommend the team consist of at least one manager/supervisor and at least one person who performs the job Suggest limiting the analysis team to no more than 5 people
All team members should be familiar with the JSA process One person will need to act as the facilitator/leader
The team should observe the job being performed in the workplace Videotaping is recommended
Employees must understand that the purpose of the observation is to observe the job/task and not the person. Observe under normal work conditions: Time of day Number of employees typically assigned to job Weather
After observing the job the team should meet to discuss the sequence of steps.
Each job step should start with an action verb. For Example: 1. Inspect the work area for hazards.
Enter the job steps into the Job Steps Section of the JSA Form Limit to no more than 15 steps Job Steps 1. Conduct an inspection of the work area looking for hazards. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
When evaluating each step ask the question? Can this step increase exposure leading to an injury?
Types of hazards include (National Safety Council): Struck Against - Can the worker forcefully strike against anything? Sharp edges Protruding objects Machinery
Struck By Can anything move and strike the worker abruptly or forcefully? Contact Can the worker come in contact with electrically charged equipment?
Caught-In Can any part of the worker be caught on any object which could pull them into moving equipment? Caught Between Can any part of the body be caught between something moving and something stationary, or between two moving objects?
Fall/Same Level Can worker slip/trip resulting in a fall? Fall/Different Level Can worker fall from one level to another?
Overexertion Can the worker be injured while pushing, lifting, twisting, reaching, bending or any other motion? Exposure Can the worker be exposed to: vibration, excessive noise, extreme temperatures, poor air circulation, toxic gases, airborne dust/fumes, or hazardous chemicals? Engulfment Can the worker be engulfed by material (grain, fertilizer, etc.)?
Once the hazards have been identified enter them into the JSA form Insert the Hazard code followed by specific information Hazards Fall/Different Level: Fall from ladder Struck By Ladder struck by opening door. Engulfment Bin filled while person inside.
Evaluate each hazard Doing nothing is not an option. Identify all possibilities and decide on the most feasible. List all options regardless of the possible investment. Use the Hierarchy of Controls to identify the options for addressing each hazard
Start Here Hierarchy of Controls Elimination Substitution Engineering Controls Administrative or Process Controls Personal Protective Equipment Eliminate the hazard all together. Example: specialized equipment. Using a less hazardous means Of accomplishing the task. Example: safe chemical Design to eliminate hazards. Example: Installing guards, interlocks, barriers, ventilation, etc. Organize work in a way to minimize hazards. Example: job rotation, procedures The last resort when trying to eliminate or decrease exposure
If the hazard cannot be eliminated, work to develop safe work practices or controls. For example: Isolate equipment by locking and tagging out Keep hands clear of pinch points Place orange cones around the work area to warn vehicles that work is being performed Use properly rated stepladder Wear eye protection
Insert the safe work practice into the appropriate section of the JSA form Safe Work Practices/Controls For improved stability stay off of the top two rungs/steps of the stepladder. Maintain three point contact. Do not carry tools or equipment while climbing the ladder.
PPE requirements will need to be identified Evaluate whether permits and equipment are needed for the job: Hot Work Bin/CSE Entry Compressed Air Energized Work
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE ) Inventory Instructions: The PPE checklist should be completed in conjunction with the JSA. Place a check in the box located for each item required. Contact the Safety Department for assistance. Head Protection Respiratory Protection Hand/Arm Protection Hard hat Disposable dust mask Cotton gloves Electrically rated hard hat Half-face with cartridges Leather gloves Bump cap Full-face with cartridges Heat resistant gloves Supplied breathing air half face piece Cold resistant gloves Foot Protection Supplied breathing air full face piece Cut resistant gloves Steel toed footwear Powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) Protective sleeves Steel toed chemical resistant footwear Chemical resistant gloves Fall Protection Voltage rated gloves/ leather protective gloves Full Body Harness/Lanyard/ SRL Welding sleeves Protective Clothing Body Protection Chemical sleeves Supplied work uniform Eye/Face Protection All cotton/fire resistant clothing/coveralls Welding shield or helmet Hearing Protection Arc flash protective clothing Arc flash rated face shield Ear plugs Chemical protective suit Dust goggles Ear muffs Chemical apron Safety Glasses with Side Shields Ear plugs and muffs Welding apron Chemical Splash Goggles Reflective clothing Face Shield Permits Required: check appropriate box Hot Work Confined Space Blow Down Energized Work Line Breaking Notes: 47
Review routinely for accuracy Routinely observe performance of the job using the JSA as the standard No Name, No Blame
Review after: Change in the work area Change in equipment, materials, process or procedure Injury Near Miss Any factor that increases exposure
Review JSA forms with all employees on a consistent basis: Prior to performing the job During routine safety training Toolbox safety meetings
Also review: When hired or transferred into a new area/dept. After an injury, near miss or incident
Make JSA forms accessible to employees: In the work area Office file Database
Hazard analysis is a proactive process for identifying exposure. Manage exposure versus managing injuries Utilize Hierarchy of Controls methodology to address exposure Create an environment where hazard analysis becomes part of your culture
This presentation was developed to give general safety information. Progressive Safety Services LLC (Progressive Safety) does not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the information in this presentation. Refrain from doing any act or omission that are reasonably foreseeable that a particular other person (or class of persons) is likely to suffer damage or loss as a result of the act or omission. Progressive Safety is excluded from liability for negligence for both personal injury and damage to property. The information within this presentation is general. It does not constitute and should not be relied on as legal advice. Progressive Safety Services LLC tries to ensure that the content of this presentation is accurate, adequate or complete, it does not represent or warrant or its accuracy, adequacy of completeness.
Joe Mlynek CSP, OHST Joe.mlynek@progressivesafety.us joe@safetymadesimple.com