NEDO s Clean Coal Technology Development for reduction of CO 2 emissions December 6, 2016 Hiroshi SANO Director, Environment Department New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Japan
Contents 1. Outline of NEDO 2. High Efficiency and Low Emission Technology 3. Development of FCB technology 1
1. Outline of NEDO 2. High Efficiency and Low Emission Technology 3. Development of FCB technology 2
Outline of NEDO (1/3) the Japanese governmental organization based on NEDO law (2002) promoting research and development as well as the dissemination of energy, environmental and industrial technologies. Chairman: Mr. Kazuo Furukawa Establishment: 1st October 1980 Location: Kawasaki City, Japan Personnel About 900 Budget Approx. JPY130B for fiscal year of 2016 (Tokyo) Kawasaki 3 3
NEDO s Target Areas 4
5 Outline of NEDO (2/3) Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Budget Coordination with policymaking authorities Public Offering & Application Finance Project Management Promotion of R&D (Consortium) Academia Industry Public research laboratories
Outline of NEDO (3/3) National Projects (129.8 billion yen) Energy and Environmental Field Industrial Field New Energy (43.1 billion yen) Energy Conservation (10.8 billion yen) Rechargeable Batteries and Energy System (4.8 billion yen) Clean Coal Technology (160 million US$=16.6 billion yen) Environment and Resource Conservation (2.5 billion yen) Global Warming Mitigation Technologies (3.1 billion yen) Electronics, Information, and Telecommunications (14.2 billion yen) Materials and Nanotechnology (13.5 billion yen) Robot Technology (6.5 billion yen) New manufacturing technology (2.0 billion yen) Crossover and Peripheral Field (0.1 billion yen) Public Solicitation for Proposal Activities (4.6 billion yen) Support for International Expansion (7.0 billion yen) Development Support for Practical Application of Welfare Equipment (0.1 billion yen) * Due to budget sharing, individual budget amounts shown above do not equal the total. 6
1. Outline of NEDO 2. High Efficiency and Low Emission Technology 3. Development of FCB technology 7
1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Japan s Shifting Energy Policy 1970s (Oil crises (1973, 1979)) 1980s 1990s 2000s Energy Security Ensure energy security by reducing oil dependence and introducing alternative energy Promotion of enegy conservation (Demand for economic structural reform) Energy Security Ensuring economic efficiency of energy through power and gas reforms (Adoption of Kyoto Protocol (1997)) Energy Security + + Economic Efficiency Promoting introduction of alternative energy and greater energy conservation (Enforcement of Kyoto Protocol (2005), Intensification of competition for natural resources) Energy Security + Economic Efficiency Economic Efficiency + + Environment Compatibility Environment Compatibility 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Japan s Primary Energy Supply Renewables, etc. Hydroelectricity Coal Oil Nuclear power Natural gas Coal Oil dependence during first oil crisis: 75% 4% 3% 4% 23% (in crude oil equivalent kl) 22% 43% Securing natural resources Expansion of non-fossil energy introduction (renewable energy and nuclear power) Strengthening resource diplomacy Current Strategic Energy Plan (June 2010) 8
The prospect of highly efficient and low-carbon next-generation thermal power generation technology 65% Power generation efficiency 60% 55% 50% 45% IGCC (Verification by blowing air) 40% Ultrahigh Temperature Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC) Efficiency: 52% CO 2 emissions: 340 g/kwh Ultra Super Critical (USC) Efficiency: 40% CO 2 emissions: 820 g/kwh Efficiency : 57% CO 2 emissions: 310 g/kwh Technological establishment: Around 2020 A-USC Advanced Ultra Super Critical (A-USC) Gas Turbine Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (GTFC) 1700 deg. C-class GTCC 1700 deg. C-class IGCC Efficiency: 46% CO 2 emissions: 710 g/kwh Target: Around 2016 Efficiency: 63% CO 2 emissions: 280 g/kw Technological establishment: 2025 Reduction of CO 2 by 10% Advanced Humid Air Gas (AHAT) Efficiency: 51% CO 2 emissions: 350 g/kwh Target: Around 2017 Reduction of CO 2 by 20% GTFC Reduction of CO 2 by 20% IGFC LNG thermal power Reduction of CO 2 by 30% Coal-fired thermal power Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC) Efficiency55% CO 2 emissions: 590 g/kwh Target: Around 2025 Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Efficiency: 46 to 50% CO 2 emissions: 650 g/kwh (1700 deg. C class) Target: Around 2020 Present Photos by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Joban Joint Power Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., and Osaki CoolGen Corporation The prospect of power generation efficiencies and discharge rates in the above Figure were estimated based on various assumptions at this moment. Around 2020 2030 9
Low emission CO 2 separation and capture cost High Oxygen combustion method recirculates highly concentrated oxygen in exhaust gas. Separation and capture cost: 3000 yen level/t-co 2 Utilization of CO 2 Chemical absorption method use a solvent, such as amine. Separation and capture cost: 4200 yen/t-co 2 For pulverized coal thermal power For IGCC This technology utilizes captured CO 2 to produce valuables such as alternatives to oil and chemical raw material Solid absorbent method reduces energy requirement and separate CO 2 by combining amine, etc. Low Storage of CO 2 To store separated and captured CO 2 in the ground. practical realization of CCS technology by around 2020. The plant for this business is under construction, and the storage will be initiated in 2016. Physical absorption method CO 2 absorbed into a physical absorption solution under high pressure. Separation and capture cost: Approximately 2000 yen level/t-co 2 Around 2020 Closed IGCC the oxygen fuel technology to the IGCC technology. Membrane separation method separates by using a membrane which penetrates CO 2 selectively. Present Around 2020 * The cost prospect in the Figure was estimated based on various assumptions at present. Around 2030 10
Development of Clean Coal Technology For high efficiency and low emission technology Low carbonization in coal-fired power generation Improvement of power generation efficiency Development of CO 2 capture technology NEDO Projects IGCC (EAGLE STEP 1) 2006 Clean-up of synthesis gas for IGFC Establishment of Technology (Year) 2017 Entrained flow steam gasification 2030 Chemical/physical absorption (EAGLE STEP 2 & 3) Oxy-fuel IGCC Chemical looping combustion 2014 2035 2030 Low carbonization in iron and steel industry CO 2 capture & emissions reduction CO 2 emissions reduction in iron and steel industry (COURSE50 Project) 2030-2050 Utilization of low rank coal Drying & upgrading Consideration of business model/ Demonstration abroad 11
The prospect of highly efficient and low-carbon next-generation thermal power generation technology 65% Power generation efficiency 60% 55% 50% 45% EAGLE IGCC (Verification Efficiency: by blowing 46% air) 40% Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (GTCC) Efficiency: 52% CO 2 emissions: 340 g/kwh Ultra Super Critical (USC) Efficiency: 40% CO 2 emissions: 820 g/kwh Establishment of IGFC CO 2 Technology: emissions: 280 g/kw GTFC in 2025 Ultrahigh Temperature Gas Turbine Combined Cycle A-USC Advanced Ultra Super Critical (A-USC) Gas Turbine Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (GTFC) 1700 deg. C-class GTCC Reduction of CO 2 by 20% 1700 deg. C-class IGCC Efficiency: 46% CO 2 emissions: 710 g/kwh Target: Around 2016 Efficiency: 63% Technological establishment: 2025 Net Thermal Efficiency: Reduction 55% of CO 2 by Efficiency : 57% 20% CO 2 emissions: 310 g/kwh Technological establishment: Around 2020 Reduction of CO 2 by 10% Advanced Humid Air Gas (AHAT) Efficiency: 51% CO 2 emissions: 350 g/kwh Target: Around 2017 IGFC LNG thermal power Reduction of CO 2 by 30% Coal-fired thermal power Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle (IGFC) Efficiency: 55% CO 2 emissions: 590 g/kwh Target: Around 2025 Integrated coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Efficiency: 46 to 50% CO 2 emissions: 650 g/kwh (1700 deg. C class) Target: Around 2020 Present Photos by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Joban Joint Power Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd., and Osaki CoolGen Corporation The prospect of power generation efficiencies and discharge rates in the above Figure were estimated based on various assumptions at this moment. Around 2020 2030 12
Low carbonization in coal-fired power generation Osaki CoolGen (OCG) Demonstration Project Gasification IGCC Air Air separation unit Coal Oxygen Gasifier Steam turbine Gas clean-up facilities Steam Gas turbine Combustor Syngas (CO, H 2 ) Air Compressor Generator Stack HRSG (heat recovery steam generator) CO 2 Capture Technology Shift reactor CO 2, H 2 H 2 rich gas Fuel Cell CO 2 Capture Technology Fuel cell H2 CO 2 CO₂ transportation and storage processes 13
Osaki CoolGen (OCG) Demonstration Project Scaling up of IGCC with the results from EAGLE Project 166MW IGCC plant Syngas Treatment Coal Gasification Subsidized by METI 14
The schedule for OCG Demonstration project CO 2 capture IGCC is to be demonstrated with the result from EAGLE Project. IGFC will be demonstrated with the result from the basic research of syngas clean-up. Now 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 IGCC optimization feasibility study 1 st Stage Oxygen-blown IGCC Design,Construction Operations testing 2 nd Stage CO 2 Capture IGCC FS Design, Construction Operations testing 3 rd Stage CO 2 Capture IGFC FS Design, Construction Operations testing 15
1. Outline of NEDO 2. High Efficiency and Low Emission Technology 3. Development of FCB technology 16
Characteristics of TIGAR Atmospheric pressure Low temperature New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization Components of TIGAR are based on mature Fluidized Bed technology The low grade material (lignite, biomass) can be gasified, and applied to chemical raw material, fuel Applicable Fuel Combustor (heat emission) Circulation High temperature bed materials are circulated Coal (lignite) Bark Bagasse Unreacted char is burned with air Gasifier (heat absorption) Fuel Wood Palm Waste Air Steam Steam gasification 17
Characteristics of TIGAR APPLICATIONS OF TIGAR New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS SYNGAS (CO+H 2 ) High CO+H 2 High Calorific N 2 -free Shift Reaction Synthesis Gas Liquid Synthesis CO+H 2 H 2 CH 4 Liquefaction Dimethylether Methanol GT,GE fuel (Power generation) Fuel cell Ammonia(NH 3 ) (Raw materials) Synthetic Natural Gas Transportation fuel Chemical Raw Material TIGAR process can convert low rank coal into various fuels with high calorific value and high value-added chemical raw materials. 18
Development of TIGAR 2004~ 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Basic Test 6TPD Pilot Plant New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization Japanese Government (METI*) Support *Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry NEDO Support at present 50TPD Prototype Plant EPC Demonstration Test At Present Commercial Plant Lab Scale Testing Bench Scale Testing Pilot Plant Testing Prototype Plant Testing Commercialized Scale Batch 0.1T/D 6T/D 50T/D 300~1000T/D Tests of basic reaction rate @IHI Yokohama Tests of gasification performance @IHI Yokohama Tests of continuous operation @IHI Yokohama Tests of overall process long operation performance @PTIGI Indonesia TIGAR 4units (1reserve) Coal feed : 3000 T/D (Substantially NH 3 : 1000 T/D) 19
50t/d Demonstration at Indonesia Purpose 1Check the maintenance durability in long operation (Total 4,000 hr operation)using Indonesia lignite. 2Confirmation of TIGAR performance and reliability, and reflect in commercial plant engineering. New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization IHI Cilegon factory Jakarta Easy access for maintenance Easy access for site visit PT Pupuk Kujang (About 75km from Jakarta) 3Demonstration of TIGAR gasification technology for future clients. Java, INDONESIA <Plant site> <50t/d plant spec> Coal feed rate 50 t/d (as received, 43% moisture) Syngas output 1,800 m 3 N/h-dry Steam generation 4.5 t/h (2.0MPaG, 513deg.C) Site area 100m 80m <50t/d 3D bird s view> 20
for IEA F uture s B rilliant C ooperation
World present development of IGCC-CCS Improvement of gasification technology Higher efficiency, realization of CCS and lower cost Many demonstration plants are planned in the world Example of Project Kemper US Southern Company Power output 582MW Operation start 2016 Capture capacity3.0mtpa Green Gen China GreenGen Power output 250~400MW Operation start 2013 :Operating :Constructing :Planning :Finished :Japanese Pj. 1500m Nov. 2012 Tianjin IGCC Put into Operation First 250MW IGCC in China First 2000t/d Dry Coal Powder Gasifier in China Design, Construction, Commission and Operation by CHNG IGCC 700m Puertollano (Spain,318MW,1997) Polk Power (US,315MW,1996) Wabash River (US,296MW,1995) Buggenum (Netherland,284MW,1994) IGCC+CCS Teeside (GB,2018, 850MW, 4.2Mtpa) Don Valley Hatfield (GB,2018, 650MW, 4.75Mtpa) Cash Creek New Gas Green Gen (China,2013, 250 400MW, 2Mtpa) Nakoso (Japan,250MW,2007~) IGFC IGCC HECA (US,2018, 400MW, 3Mtpa) Kemper (US,2015, 582MW, 3.5Mtpa) Taean (Korea,400MW,2015) Edwardsport (US,618MW,2013~) Osaki CG (Japan,2021, 166MW, 0.3Mtpa) IGCC:2017 IGCC+CCS:2019 (US,2018, 770MW, 5Mtpa) Summit (US,2018, 400MW, 2Mtpa) Hirono Nakoso (Japan,each 500MW,2020~) 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 22
Dissemination of Japanese Clean Coal Technology Japanese High-efficiency CCT The highest level of thermal efficiency and the lowest CO 2 emissions by USC. The longest history of utilizing USC technology. Impressive track record of thermal efficiency as well as high load factor by lots of O&M experience. Gross thermal efficiency (%, HHV) Japan China Korea Taiwan Indonesia 1990 1993 EU 2002 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010 2015 Long history of USC experience 2015 2016 According to METI FS research 2010 & 2011. 2020 Year Coal-fired power plant in Japan Maintaining High Efficiency Degradation of Efficiency Coal-fired power plant in a country Years in operation According to The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan 23
Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge: Large Earthquakes, Tsunamis and Nuclear Accident (As of May 16 th, 2013) 24
Damage Casualties: over 46,000 Dead: over 15,854 Missing: over 3,203 Injured: over 26,992 Evacuees: over 343,935 (As of March 8, 2012) 25
Sendai Micro-grid project Constructed as a 4-year demonstration project (FY2004 2007) Technical feature = MPQM (Multiple Power Quality Microgrid) Desirable power quality varies from customer to customer. MPQM enables power supply by different levels of power quality according to each customer s needs within the area. (IPS) Integrated Power Supply DVR 200 kva PV Panels 50 kw PAFC 200 kw Sendai City Gas Engine Generators 350 kw x2 Sendai Micro Grid 26
Success Factor of Sendai Micro-gird Energy diversity (Gas engine, PV, Cogeneration) Back up battery for power outages Demonstration of Device, System, Facility Operation 27