Paul W. Francisco University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign 1
(it s not really that scary) 2
15 cfm/person originated from smell tests in the 1930s (Yaglou et al. 1936) and more or less again in 1983 (Cain et al.; Fanger et al.) How much air did we need to not be offended by each other s body odor? Used bioeffluents (and 1930s hygiene) as a surrogate for IAQ Suggested might actually want 20 cfm/person Or 25 cfm for schools Or even 50% more for schools if the children hadn t bathed or changed their underwear in a week 3
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TVOC TVOC Number (n) Mean (ppb) Geo-mean (ppb) Pre-Wx all 290 163 68 Post-Wx all 203 134 Pre-Wx 62-1989 242 124 31 Post-Wx 62-1989 200 124 Pre-Wx 62.2-2010 330 204 37 Post-Wx 62.2-2010 205 142 T-test p-value 0.180 0.989 0.041 Yellow indicates statistical significance 5
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) TVOC Number (n) Mean (ppm) Geo-mean (ppm) Pre-Wx all 985 914 66 Post-Wx all 839 797 Pre-Wx 62-1989 970 888 29 Post-Wx 62-1989 849 810 Pre-Wx 62.2-2010 996 936 37 Post-Wx 62.2-2010 830 787 T-test p-value 0.005 0.266 0.004 Yellow indicates statistical significance 6
Radon, 1 st floor Radon Number (n) Mean (pci/l) Geo-mean (pci/l) Pre-Wx all 2.7 1.8 46 Post-Wx all 2.6 1.4 Pre-Wx 62-1989 2.4 1.7 21 Post-Wx 62-1989 2.8 1.6 Pre-Wx 62.2-2010 3.0 1.9 25 Post-Wx 62.2-2010 2.4 1.3 T-test p-value 0.143 0.824 0.067 Green indicates statistical significance at p < 0.10 7
Radon, basement TVOC Number (n) Mean (pci/l) Geo-mean (pci/l) Pre-Wx all 5.1 2.6 51 Post-Wx all 6.0 3.0 Pre-Wx 62-1989 6.3 3.0 23 Post-Wx 62-1989 6.7 2.9 Pre-Wx 62.2-2010 4.2 2.4 28 Post-Wx 62.2-2010 5.4 3.1 T-test p-value 0.330 0.888 0.073 Green indicates statistical significance at p < 0.10 8
Children experienced fewer headaches Statistically significantly fewer in 62.2 2010 homes Fewer respiratory ailments in children, not statistically significant Reductions in eczema and skin allergies in children in both groups, difference between groups not statistically significant 9
Adults had less psychological distress Difference between groups not statistically significant Statistically significant improvement in reported overweight adults in 62.2 2010 homes relative to 62 1989 homes 10
12 Radon level (pci/l) 10 8 6 4 2 0 Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Fan on Individual 8-hour radon reading Period average 11
40 % change in radon associated with ventilation operation Unadjusted difference in means Regression estimate 95% confidence interval for regression estimate 20 0-20 -40-60 17 8 18 1 7 14 13 12 4 15 2 16 3 5 6 11 9 (Site number) By site, from lowest to highest regression estimate Results expressed as a percent of average fan-off radon level over the monitoring period. 12
Standard 62.2 is under continuous maintenance Committee meets twice a year Changes can be proposed from within or from outside To be approved changes must get supermajority in committee successfully pass through public review Full new edition incorporating all approved changes released every 3 years 2016 edition should be out in the spring 13
17 (!) new changes got approved for publication in the 2016 edition The good news most do not have MAJOR impacts on many homes in weatherization The bad news some proposals that would have made things easier did not complete the process 14
Technical Multifamily Minimum airflow requirement for installation Local exhaust Controls Variable ventilation strategies Unvented space heaters 15
Non technical Multifamily Clarification of requirements Sound Measurement Makeup air Combined exhaust/intake Terminology Definitions References 16
Multifamily used to be split between 62.1 (4+ stories) and 62.2 (1 3 stories). Addendum g brought all multifamily dwelling units into 62.2 corridors, common spaces, mechanical rooms, etc. still 62.1 17
Requirements integrated into the rest of the standard (addendum m) Had been in its own special section (Section 8) Makes importance placed on multifamily appear greater To accommodate, term house or building replaced with dwelling unit, e.g. whole dwelling unit ventilation 18
No multifamily building was ever allowed to get an infiltration credit Addendum j allows infiltration credit for horizontallyattached Duplexes Triplexes Row houses Etc. Reduce credit based on common wall area 19
Consider a triplex, each unit is 40 x 25 with 8 ceilings 1000 1000 1000 200 320 320 200 320 320 200 320 320 200 1000 1000 1000 Total surface area per unit is 1000x2 + 320x2 + 200x2 = 3040 sq. ft. Infiltration credit (as a percentage of single family calculation): End units get (3040 200)/3040 = 2840/3040 = 93.4% Middle unit gets (3040 400)/3040 = 2640/3040 = 86.8% 20
Compartmentalization Standard 62.2 had said that one way to demonstrate compartmentalization was to measure airtightness of 0.2 CFM50 per square foot of envelope area Changed to 0.3 Note: this is NOT a mandatory threshold 21
Addendum b For existing buildings, if the final ventilation requirement (considering deficits and infiltration) is less than or equal to 15 cfm then installation of a fan is NOT required Already commonly used in WAP 22
Significant changes for kitchens (addendum c) Defines enclosed kitchen openings to other spaces don t exceed 60 square feet Continuous kitchen exhaust not permitted for non enclosed kitchens For on demand kitchen exhaust 100 cfm if the fan is a range hood 300 cfm otherwise For existing buildings, still use 100 cfm as the baseline for the deficit calculation 23
Long standing confusion over what counts Addendum a refers to ANSI Standard Z765 Based on finished area Unfinished basement does not count 24
Standard 62.2 has long said there needs to be readilyaccessible override Addendum n lists two options, not intended to be exclusive: Fan switch Dedicated circuit breaker Controls must be labeled with text or icon In multifamily the control does not have to be readily accessible to the occupants 25
Language could be interpreted to overly limit kitchen fans Addendum p clarifies that if there is any kitchen fan speed that is at least 100 cfm and no more than 3 sones it is acceptable as demand controlled local exhaust 26
Addendum d clarifies that makeup air dampers can t be barometric or gravity in non powered makeup air systems In other words, you can t have everything be passive something has to be active 27
Some people were saying that measurement of exhaust flow at fan was not allowable Addendum r clarified that this is allowable, along with measurement anywhere along the system 28
Addendum h Minimum separation not required as long as manufacturer specs state that there is no more than 10% cross contamination Mainly for HRVs Cannot be used for kitchens 29
Addendum v provides structure for wide range of noncontinuous options Short term intermittent (same schedule, at least once every three hours) stays the same e.g. having a 60 cfm fan run for 20 minutes every hour counts the same as having a 20 cfm fan running continuously 30
New structure provides a method to determine equivalency of more advanced schedules, e.g. Temperature based Occupancy based Humidity based Etc. Requires that short term exposures do not exceed 5x annual average, provides calculation method 31
Addendum t removed the section that stated that unvented space heaters were out of scope Allows specifications to be placed regarding unvented space heaters 32
Update references (2 addenda) Make dwelling unit term consistent throughout Appendix A (existing buildings alternative compliance path) 33
but was being worked on (Possible 2019 preview) 34
Infiltration in vertically attached units Prospects: uncertain Improved compartmentalization specifications Prospects: uncertain Possible restrictions on ventilation type Prospects: likely Plan to have working group focused on these issues 35
Currently, standard has limits to net exhaust (prescriptive) Attempted to get reference to BPI 1200 method (performance) Commenters want other documents also referenced, e.g. NFPA 54 Prospects: High 36
Standard has complex equations Common in SWS/WAP to use simplified equation: Qinf = 0.052 * CFM50 * wsf * S Public review comment objected to different path Some concerned that this equation assumes a specific ceiling height Prospects: High (in some form) 37
Now in scope, couldn t agree on requirements Broad range of views on the committee, from saying nothing to banning them Some consensus around prohibiting space heaters built to pre 2005 standards Prospects: High (for something, TBD) 38
Would allow reduced flow rate with improved filtration Not likely to impact weatherization Prospects: High 39
Would allow reduced flow rate if ventilation system provided intentional distribution Prospects: uncertain 40
Would reduce floor area portion of base ventilation rate from core equation by about 25% Prospects: uncertain 41
Well understood that interaction between infiltration and ventilation is different depending on whether ventilation is balanced or unbalanced Proposal would account for that difference Prospects: High 42
Decent existing fans can be used Need to use proper controls Existing fans can be replaced Make use of existing penetrations and wiring Exhaust is NOT required Use alternate option when conditions warrant Placing fans in kitchens or bathrooms can reduce required rates Intent of override cleaning, blower door testing, avoiding bringing in bad outdoor air when highly polluted (e.g. wildfires) 43