Fertiliser Application Fin needs to spread some fertiliser on the field. One bag of nitrogen fertiliser weighs 600kg and costs 200 per tonne. He needs to apply the nitrogen at a rate of 140kg N/hectare (kg nitrogen per hectare) to get the best yield. a. How much fertiliser does Fin need to put on per hectare to achieve 140kg N/hectare, if one tonne contains 34.5% Nitrogen. b. How big an area will one bag cover? ha hectare (10,000m 2 ) Gross profit the total amount before anything is deducted Net income what remains after subtracting all the costs lwt live weight c. Fin has an area of 11.66ha so how much will he need to spend on fertiliser?
Planting Crops John has carrots to plant. To do this he first needs to plough the field. He employs Ross to do this. Ross can plough 4.8ha in his 8 hour day. Each ha Ross ploughs costs John 52. a. John has 32ha to plough. How much is this going to cost him and how many days will it take? b. To plant the seeds Ross uses a 3 metre seed drill and can cover 9.6ha over his 8 hour working day at a rate of 50/ ha. How long (in hours) will he take to cover the 32ha?
Crop Yields Fin has a yield of 5.8 tonnes of grain per ha (worth 55 per tonne). He has 22.2 ha planted up with grain. He sowed seed at a rate of 190kg/ha ( 320/tonne). a. What gross profit does he make on his grain? Operation Hectares per hour Sowing cereals (wheat, barley, oats) 5 55 Spreading fertiliser 15 11 Spraying 10 14 Combining 7 98 Ploughing 1.5 50 Planting potatoes 2.5 60 Cost per hectare b. What is the net profit/loss once the cost of ploughing, fertiliser, fertiliser spreading, spraying and combining have been deducted?
Crop Yields (cont.) Crop Seed Rate Yield Winter wheat 175-290 kg/ha 9.5 T/ha Winter barley 175-250 kg/ha 10 T/ha Spring oats 175-230 kg/ha 6.5 T/ha Winter oilseed rape 2-2.5 kg/ha 2 T/ha Potatoes 2-3 T/ha 50 T/ha Fred has an area of 91 ha to plant up and is debating whether to grow winter barley or winter wheat for feed. Specification Bread milling wheat Feed wheat Month Jul 17 Jul 17 Jul 17 Feed barley Price per T 150.80 144.90 114.90 c. How much would he make on each if he planted up the 91 ha? Sue spreads fertiliser 3 times every hectare at different growth stages. 25% of the fertilisers is spread the first time, 50% on our second pass and the remaining 25% on our third and final pass. The fertiliser she uses is Yara Amidas made up of 40% N and 14% SO3. d. She needs to spread 200kg of N over the three passes. How much is spread in each pass?
Livestock Sheep Grading Price per kg lwt Lambs Light (25.5-32kg) 190.63 Standard (32.1-39kg) 203.70 Medium (39.1-45.5kg) 214.97 a. Lucy has taken 26 lambs to market. There are 12 standard lambs, 6 light lambs and 8 medium lambs. What is Lucy s average per kg lwt price. Joe has 100 heifers and 26 suckler cows. They are all indoors feeding, for 180 days a year. The heifers need 22 kg of silage each per day and the sucklers need 27.2kg silage per day. b. Calculate the silage requirement for the farm using the formula below: feed used per head per day x number of cattle x days in feeding period add total amount for each class of cattle = the overall total farm requirement
Livestock (cont) Half the silage for the farm is as large square bales and the rest is chopped silage in a clamp. c. Working on the total farm requirement for silage, calculate how many large square bales the farm requires. 1.3 m diameter unchopped silage bale weights 475kg 1.3 m diameter chopped silage bale weights 650kg Large square bale of unchopped silage weights 770kg Sheep wool is sold regularly to buyers around the world. British wool falls into six main categories: 1. Fine: Grade numbers start with a: 2 i.e. 203 2. Medium: Grade numbers start with a: 3 i.e. 305 3. Cross: Grade numbers start with a: 4 i.e. 403 4. Lustre: Grade numbers start with a: 5 i.e. 503 5. Hill: Grade numbers start with a: 6 i.e. 600 6. Mountain: Grade numbers start with a: 7 i.e. 707 Description Grade p/kg (2016) Dorset Horn 205 104 Jacob 350 45 Greyface 431 87 Blue faced Leicester 534 315 Hebridean 636 62 Herdwick 718 26 d. What is the % increase in p/kg from hill to fine wool?
Livestock (cont) Each year national statistics on harvest are collected across Scotland. These track patterns in harvest over time. Year Provisional estimate Final yield 2006 2,605,600 2,744,088 5.3% 2007 2,653,398 2,699,921 1.8% 2008 3,042,256 3,043,330 0.03% 2009 2,872,228 2,887,132 0.5% 2010 2,872,228 2,857,814-0.5% 2011 3,067,714 2,948,871-3.9% 2012 2,502,839 2,507,016 0.2% 2013 2,781,049 2,836,836 2.0% 2014 3,282,301 3,221,284-1.9% 2015 3,245,525 3,100,624-4.5% % difference Calculate the percentage difference between provisional and final yields. e. Which year had the largest % difference?
Answers Fertiliser Application a. 140/0.345 = 405 kg of product/ha Another way of thinking about this is we apply 405kg/ha of product, 34.5% of it is Nitrogen, how much Nitrogen are we applying? b. 600/405 = 1.48ha c. 1 bag does 1.48ha so 7.88 bags are required to cover the area. 1 tonne = 1000kg, so a bag costs 200/100*60 = 120 Planting Crops a. 8 hrs = 4.8ha at 52 pa it costs 52 *32 = 1664 1 day = 8 hours so 32/8 = 6.6 (7 days) b. 8 hours = 9.6ha 1 hour = 1.2ha 32/1.2 = 26.6 hrs Crop Yields a. Per ha = 5.8 tonnes = 55*5.8 = 319 22.2ha = 319 * 22.2 = 7081.8 To plant the seed costed = 320 per tonne = 0.32 per kg 60.8 per ha and 22.2 ha = 1349.76 Total made seed cost = gross profit = 7081.8-1349.76 = 5732.04 b. 22.2 ha for sowing, spreading, spraying, combining, ploughing = 55*22.2 = 1221 = 11*22.2 = 244.4 = 14*22.2 = 310.8 = 98*22.2 = 2175.6 = 50*22.2 = 1110 Total = 5061.8 Total gross profit on grain is 5732.04-5061.8 = 670.24 c. Winter barley 10t/ha 114.90 Winter wheat 9.5t/ha 144.90 91 ha = 91 *9.5 = 864.5 tonnes wheat * 144.90 = 125,266.05 For barley = 91*10 =910 tonnes * 114.90 = 10,455.9 d. 1st pass 50kg 2nd pass 100kg 3rd pass 50kg Livestock a. = (12 * 203.70)+ (6 * 190.63) + (8 * 214.97) = 2444.4 + 1143.78 + 1719.76 = 5307.94/26 = 204.15 per kg b. Heifers = 22*100*180 = 396000 Sucklers = 27.2 * 26 *180 = 127,296 Total = 523296 kg c. Half of the weight is in square bales so = 523296/2 = 261634.5 1 bale = 770kg so 261634.5/770 = 339.8 = 340 bales d. Hill wool is 62p/kg, fine wool is 104p/kg New total old total * 100 / old total = 104 62 * 100 / 62 = 67% e. New total old total * 100 / old total The largest difference is in 2006