Table 1. Top 10 Herbicides, Insecticides and Fungicides Used in Texas* Pesticide Estimated lbs. Active ingredient Pesticide Estimated lbs. Active ingredient Pesticide Estimated lbs. Active ingredient Herbicides Total 18,615,657 Insecticides-Total 5,975,071 Fungicides Total 1,827,819 Top Ten Top Ten Top Ten 2,4-D 4,239,134 Malathion 612,310 Chlorothalonil 637,059 Atrazine 3,156,075 Carbaryl 581,396 Sulfur 344,053 Trifluralin 2,190,877 Chlorpyrifos 548,255 PCNB 262,780 Metolachlor 1,867,582 Terbufos 511,388 Maneb 109,730 Propanil 768,269 Dimethoate 414,035 Copper 91,231 Glyphosate 718,008 Azinphos-methyl 278,527 Ziram 85,493 Alachlor 679,736 Methyl parathion 274,446 Mancozeb 64,841 Picloram 651,106 Propargite 263,264 Metalaxyl 52,458 Molinate 592,207 Aldicarb 255,415 Benomyl 43,353 Pendimethalin 587,378 Disulfon 230,783 Iprodione 36,223 *Source: Leonard P. Gianessi & James Earl Anderson, Pesticide Use in Texas Crop Production (National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: Washington, D.C., February 1995) funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Geological Survey.
Table 2. Crop/Pesticide Use Patterns in Texas for Top 10 Herbicides, Insecticides and Fungicides* Pesticide Crop % Crop Acreage Treated Lbs. Active Ingredient (% total reported agricultural Herbicides 2,4-D Pasture 5 2,813,050 (66) Other Hay 30 1,110,000 (26.2) Subtotal: 91% Other crops with 2,4-D use include corn, sorghum, oats and rice Atrazine Sorghum 58 1,931,400 (61.2) Corn (Feed) 75 1,132,950 (36) Subtotal: 97.2% Other crops with atrazine use include sod and sugarcane Trifluralin Cotton 67 1,969,599 (90) Peanuts 40 61,000 (2.8) Sorghum 2 45,900 (2.1) Subtotal: 94.9% Other crops with trifluralin use include vegetables, citrus Metolachlor Sorghum 19 957,600(51.3) Corn 21 373,000 (20) Soybeans 30 234,000 (12.5) Peanuts 40 183,000 (9.8) Cotton 3 109,701 (5.9) Subtotal: 99.5% Propanil Rice 57 768,269 (100) Glyphosate Cotton 26 466,050 (65) Corn 5 83,000 (11.6) Sorghum 3 75,600 (10.5) Subtotal: 87.1 % Other crops with glyphosate use include wheat, pecans, rice, Alachlor Corn 10 217,460 (32) Sorghum 4 295,200 (43) Soybeans 42 167,076 (25) Total: 100%
Table 2. Continued Pesticide Crop % Crop Acreage Treated Lbs. Active Ingredient (% total reported agricultural Picloram Pasture 2 540,106 (83) Other Hay 3 111,000 (17) Total: 100 % Molinate Rice 57 592,207 (100) Pendimethalin Cotton 15 365,670 (62.2) Corn 10 86,320 (14.7) Peanuts 30 68,625 (11.7) Subtotal: 88.6% Other crops: sorghum, soybeans Insecticides Malathion Cotton 5 406,898 (66%) Sorghum 2 151,200 (25) Subtotal: 91 % Other crops: cabbage, melons, peaches, rice and wheat Carbaryl Other Hay 8 296,000 (51) Pecans 44 132,334 (22.8) Peaches 59 49,082 (8.4) Oats 11 14,300 (2.5) Subtotal: 84.7%. Other crops-vegetables, melons, alfalfa Chlorpyrifos Corn 8 132,800 (24.2) Pecans 44 132,334 (24) Sorghum 6 132,300 (24) Cotton 3 55,926 (10.2) Subtotal: 82.2% Other crops-vegetables, sugarbeets, citrus, peanuts Terbufos Corn 22 346,940 (67.8) Sorghum 5 164,250 (32.1) Subtotal: 99.9% Other use: sweet corn Dimethoate Sorghum 9 174,150 (42.1) Wheat 7 85,120 (20.5) Corn 7 79,016 (19.1) Cotton 5 55,568 (13.4) Subtotal: 95.1% Other uses: vegetables, pecans
Table 2. Continued Pesticide Crop % Crop Acreage Treated Lbs. Active Ingredient (% total reported agricultural Azinphos-methyl Cotton 12 193,590 (69.5) Sugarcane 100 58,950 (21.1) Peaches 65 24,876 (8.9) Subtotal: 99.5% Methyl Parathion Cotton 7 210,798 (76.8) Rice 13 20,534 (7.5) Sunflowers 25 11,250 (4.1) Watermelons 19 8,527 (3.1) Subtotal: 91.5%. Other uses: vegetables Propargite Corn 7 176,624 (67.1) Sorghum 1 72,000 (27.3) Peanuts 3 14,640 (5.6) Total: 100% Aldicarb Cotton 8 143,400 (56.2) Peanuts 12 73,200 (28.7) Sorghum 1 21,600 (8.5) Citrus 50 16,115 (6.3) Subtotal: 99.7% Disulfoton Sorghum 4 90,000 (39) Wheat 3 85,500 (37) Cotton 5 34,058 (14.7) Peanuts 5 15,250 (6.6) Subtotal: 97.3% Other uses: vegetables Fungicides Chlorothalonil Peanuts 57 281,637 (44.2) Onions 74 117,460 (18.4) Watermelon 34 46,991 (7.4) Potatoes 80 37,760 (5.9) Cantaloupes 68 33,769 (5.3) Cabbage 58 25,797 (4) Subtotal: 85.2% Other crops: other vegetables, peaches, pumpkins, sod, melons, tomatoes.
Pesticide Crop % Crop Acreage Treated Lbs. Active Ingredient (% total reported agricultural Sulfur Peaches 43 155,984 (45.3) Sugarbeets 33 85,800 (24.9) Sulfur (cont.) Pecans 6 71,646 (20.8) Grapes 59 19,310 (5.6) Subtotal: 96.6% Others: carrots, peanuts. PCNB Peanuts 13 198,250 (75.4) Cotton 2 64,530 (24.6) Total: 100% Maneb Watermelon 17 58,394 (53.2) Potatoes 40 23,320 (25.8) Subtotal: 79.0% Other uses: vegetables, cantaloupes Copper Spinach 85 38,080 (41.7) Peaches 27 18,357 (20.1) Peanuts 6 18,300 (20) Subtotal: 81.8% Other uses: vegetables Ziram Pecans 9 85,493 (100) Mancozeb Onions 32 20,155 (31.1) Watermelons 28 19,706 (30.4) Peanuts 6 12,200 (18.8) Cantaloupes 22 6,149 (9.5) Melons 37 3,445 (5.3) Subtotal: 95.1% Other uses: vegetables Metalaxyl Peanuts 9 13,725 (26.2) Cotton 2 8,604 (16.4) Onions 58 5,994 (11.4) Melons 79 5,878 (11.2) Spinach 97 5,432 (10.4) Cantaloupes 52 5,273 (10) Subtotal: 85.6% Other uses: vegetables, watermelons Benomyl Rice 14 24,079 (55.5) Pecans 9 9,648 (22.2) Peaches 41 6,176 (14.2) Subtotal: 91.9% Other uses: vegetables, melons
Pesticide Crop % Crop Acreage Treated Lbs. Active Ingredient (% total reported agricultural Iprodione Onions 54 25,061 (69.2) Rice 6 11,162 (30.8) Total: 100% *Source: Leonard P. Gianessi & James Earl Anderson, Pesticide Use in Texas Crop Production (National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy: Washington, D.C., February 1995) funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Geological Survey.
Table 3. Examples of Discrepanices Between NCFAP Data and TDA Crop Sheets* Crop Pesticides in NCFAP Data Base But Pesticides on Crop Sheet But Not in Notes Not on Crop Sheet** NCFAP Data Base*** Broccoli Maneb, bensulide, DCPA, carbaryl, Metalaxyl, chlorthal dimethyl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, disulfoton, mevinphos napropanide Cabbage Maneb, bensulide, DCPA, carbaryl, None chlorpyrifos, diazinon, disulfoton, malathion, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled Cantaloupes Bensulide, DCPA, ethalfluralin, naptalam, diazinon, dimethoate, malathion, methyl parathion Azinphos-methyl, ethyl parathion No specific crop sheet for cantaloupe; compared with crop sheet for melons for South Texas and for West Texas Carrots Sulfur, fluazifop, glyphosate, Carbaryl, iprodione, mancozeb trifluralin, endosulfan, methyl parathion Cauliflower DCPA, diazinon Methamidophos, disulfoton Celery Copper, linuron, acephate, diazinon, Benomyl, promethrin mevinphos Citrus Norflurazon, paraquat, trifluralin, Metalaxyl, fosetyl-al abamectin, azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, ethion Corn (Feed) Bromoxynil, butylate, nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, bifenthrin, propargite, tefluthrin Trifluralin, methomyl, carbaryl, methoxychlor, diazinon, fonofos TDA Crop Sheets for South East Texas, South Texas and West Texas Cotton Metalaxyl, PCNB, diuron, DSMA, glyphosate, aldicarb, cyfluthrin, disulfoton, fenamiphos, malathion, phorate, dimethipin Cucumbers Benomyl, mancozeb, none of 6 pesticides reported used, carbaryl, diazinon, oxamyl Green Beans Copper, metolachlor, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, fenvalerate, malathion Propargite, phosmet, merphos, trichlorfon, fenpropathtin, chlordimeform, carbaryl, maneb, oxydemeton-methyl, others Triadimefon, methamidophos Chlorothalonil, fonofos, endosulfan TDA Crop Sheets for West Texas, Southeast Texas, Northeast Texas, South Texas (1995)
Crop Lettuce Onions Peaches Peanuts Table 3. Continued Pesticides in NCFAP Data Base But Pesticides on Crop Sheet But Not in Not on Crop Sheet** NCFAP Data Base*** None of 4 fungicides, benefin, Endosulfan, cypermethrin diazinon Mancozeb, maneb, bensulide, Chlorthal dimethyl bromoxynil, DCPA, fluazifop, pendimethalin, trifluralin, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, endosulfan, methyl parathion, oxamyl All reported used found on crop Phosalone, ESFenvalerate, parathion, sheets trifluralin, iprodione, fluzifop-m, Copper, metalaxyl, sulfur, acifluorfen, benefin, bentazon, ethalfluralin, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, imazethapyr, paraquat, pendimethalin, pyridate, sethoxydim, vernolate, fonofos, phorate Maneb, metalaxyl, DCPA, EPTC, endosulfan, permethrin MSMA, ziram Alachlor, diazinon, azodrin, benfluralin, maneb, DCNA, benomyl, parathion, glyphosate Potatoes Mancozeb, paraquat, pendimethalin, ethoprop Rice Bensulfuron, triclopyr Carbaryl, MCPA bifenox, copper hydroxide Sorghum All reported used found on crop Propazine, cyanazine, diazinon, sheets fonofos, carbaryl, terbutryn, bromoxynil, oxydemeton-methyl Spinach Copper, diethatyl ethyl, glyphosate, Carbaryl diazinon, mevinphos Squach Mancozeb, bensulide, DCPA, Permethrin, ESFenvalerate, chlorthal trifluralin dimethyl, methomyl, diazinon Sugarcane Asulam Dicamba, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, glyphosate, metribuzin, paraquat Tomatoes Benomyl, captan, copper, mancozeb, Chlorthal dimethyl, metribuzin sulfur, ethalfluralin, carbaryl, diazinon, dimethoate, malathion, mevinphos Notes TDA Crop Sheet for Northeast, Southeast and South Texas TDA Crop Sheet for Southeast Texas TDA Crop Sheets for Southeast Texas, Northeast Texas, West Texas (1995) and South Texas (1995)
Crop Watermelon Wheat Table 3. Continued Pesticides in NCFAP Data Base But Pesticides on Crop Sheet But Not in Not on Crop Sheet** NCFAP Data Base*** Copper, mancozeb, maneb, metalaxyl, Chlorthal dimethyl, dicofol, naptalam triadimefon, DCPA, ethalfluralin, sethoxydim, trifluralin, carbaryl, carbofuran, dimethoate, malathion, methamidophos, methyl parathion, oxydemeton-methyl All reported used found on crop Atrazine, maneb, trifluralin, linuron, sheets oxydemeton-methyl, metribuzin, malathion, mancozeb, methyl parathion, dicamba, carbaryl, methomyl, diclofop-methyl, bromoxymil Notes TDA Crop Sheets for Southeast Texas and Northeast Texas *NCFAP data from Gianessi, referenced in Tables 1 and 2; TDA Crop Sheets Crop sheets prepared by Texas Department of Agriculture to help inform farmworkers of the the pesticides to which they might be exposed working around particular crops. Prepared for 4 regions of the state: South Texas, Southeast Texas, Northeast Texas and West Texas. Most crop sheets were prepared in the late 1980s, though a few have been updated, as indicated. **Pesticides listed in the NCFAP crop-by-crop pesticide use analysis for Texas that were not included in crop sheets. ***Pesticides listed in Crop Sheets that were not in the NCFAP crop-by-crop pesticide analysis for Texas.