Lesson 5 Energy OAA Science Lesson 5 52
Name Date Period Student Lesson 5: Energy Reference Sheet: Energy - is the ability to do work or cause change - can be changed from one form to another - cannot be created or destroyed Types: 1) Mechanical- the energy of objects that can move and position of an object a. KE + PE = ME b. Sound Waves 2) Thermal- is kinetic energy within the particles that make up matter a. Steam 3) Chemical- the energy of a compound that changes as its atoms are rearranged. a. Food (chemical compounds) 4) Electrical- is the energy of moving electrons (charged particles) a. Amplifier b. electronics 5) Light- produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles a. Energy used to cook food in a microwave 6) Nuclear- comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom a. Fusion and fission b. Sun Light OAA Science Lesson 5 53
Resources 1) Natural- an Earth material, used by humans a. Water b. Plants c. Animals d. Soil e. Rocks f. Minerals 2) Renewable- is a natural resource that can be replaced as fast as it is used. a. Water b. Trees c. Solar Energy d. Air e. Wood f. Fish 3) Nonrenewable- a natural source that cannot be replaced as fast as it is used (millions of years). a. Oil b. Coal d. Metals (gold or iron) e. Rock (Granite) Transformations: c. Natural Gas 1) Chemical energy of food is converted into kinetic energy when you are active. It is converted into thermal energy to maintain body temperature. 2) Alarm clock: electrical energy light energy and sound energy 3) Battery: chemical energy electrical energy 4) Light Bulb: electrical energy light energy and thermal energy 5) Blender: electrical energy kinetic energy and sound OAA Science Lesson 5 54
Student Practice 1) The energy of blowing wind can be harnessed to create electricity. Why is wind considered a renewable energy source? a. Wind does not cause destructions of the environment. b. Wind turns the blades of a windmill that creates electricity. c. Wind provides only a very small amount of electricity to the United States. d. Wind comes from atmospheric conditions that are available indefinitely. 2) The following steps describe the process of generating electricity by burning coal in a power plant: 1. The coal fire converts liquid water to steam. 2. The steam rotates fanlike blades of a mechanical turbine 3. The shaft of the turbine spins an electric generator 4. The electric power is delivered to consumer over long-distance power lines. Which energy transformation occurs during this process? a. Nuclear energy of the steam is converted to thermal energy of the turbine. b. Mechanical energy from the turbine is converted to electric energy in the generator c. Electric energy from the generator is converted to chemical energy in the power lines. d. Chemical energy from the generator is converted to electric energy in the power lines. OAA Science Lesson 5 55
3) Why are fossil fuels called nonrenewable resources? a. They make waste products. b. They are buried far underground. c. They take a very long time to produce. d. They are more expensive than nuclear fuels. 4) Most electric power is generated by burning fossil fuels. A family uses electric appliances for cooking and air conditioning. The use fuel oil for heating. What changes could this family make to conserve fossil fuels? a. Convert to natural gas a fuel for cooking b. Switch to the use of less expensive coal for heat c. Lower the temperature setting on the air conditioner d. Install solar roof panels to generate additional electricity 5) Why is coal considered to be a nonrenewable energy source? a. Sunlight is the original source of energy for coal. b. The burning of coal could cause environmental pollution. c. Once coal is mined, it can take millions of years to be replaced. d. Coal is abundant, but it is very expensive to mine from underground. OAA Science Lesson 5 56
Use the information in the table below to answer question 6. 6) A class is studying electricity and how it is produced in Ohio. The students make the table below to share information about energy sources. Which statement identifies a nonrenewable energy source from the table and correctly explains why this source is considered nonrenewable? A. Biomass is nonrenewable because once the waste material is used up, there is no way to produce additional waste material. B. Petroleum is nonrenewable because there is a fixed amount of oil underground and new petroleum takes millions of years to form. C. Solar energy is nonrenewable because there is only one sun in the solar system and there is no replacement when the sun is used up. D. Wind energy is nonrenewable because the air pressure difference required to produce wind is not available at all times at all locations. OAA Science Lesson 5 57
7) Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine. Which describes the energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity? a. Kinetic energy into electric energy b. Nuclear energy into electric energy c. Thermal energy into electric energy d. Chemical energy into electric energy 8) Light bulbs are designed to convert electric energy to light energy. Some light bulbs are made more efficient than others. When comparing two light bulb, the more efficient bulb will produce less. a. Light b. Electricity c. Photons d. Heat Use the following information and diagram to answer question 9. 9) A ball is released from rest at position 1. The diagram shows the ball in four positions as it rolls along a track from left to right. In which position does the ball have its minimum gravitational potential energy and maximum kinetic energy? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 OAA Science Lesson 5 58
10) Most electric power is generated by burning fossil fuels. A family living in central Ohio uses electric appliances for cooking and air conditioning. They use fuel oil for heating. What change could this family make to conserve fossil fuels? A. convert to natural gas as a fuel for cooking B. switch to the use of less expensive coal for heat C. lower the temperature setting on the air conditioner D. install solar roof panels to generate additional electricity 11) Many people like wind energy production because it does not have the byproducts of some of the other forms of energy production. However, it requires space for large windmills, and some people feel it is not as efficient as some other forms of energy production. When windmills are used to produce energy for human use, energy is converted from to. (2 points) OAA Science Lesson 5 59
Use the charts and information below 12) The two charts below show percentages of production methods for generating electricity in Ohio and in the entire United States in 2002. The charts show some differences in the amount of electricity produced by different methods in the United States and in Ohio. Various constraints, such as geographic, social or economic factors, influence the method used for electricity production in a region. In your Answer Document, choose one method of electricity production used in United States. Give two reasons or factors that support using this method in United States, and give two reasons or factors that can be used to argue against using this method in United States. (4 points) OAA Science Lesson 5 60
OAA Science Lesson 5 61
13) Which is a major advantage of using energy sources such as sunlight, wind and running water instead of fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas? A. Sunlight, wind and running water are much more efficient than fossil fuels. B. Sunlight, wind and running water are renewable and available indefinitely. C. Sunlight, wind and running water are much less expensive to use than fossil fuels. D. Sunlight, wind and running water can be used at any geographical location. 14) The members of a city council are researching the construction of a new hydroelectric power plant on an existing dam. The city currently burns coal for its power. In the new plant, water from the river would pass through a turbine in the power plant as shown. The turbine would turn, which would cause the generator to produce electricity. The hydroelectric power plant and dam would not block the entire river. The council members discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using a hydroelectric power plant to generate electricity. In your Answer Document, describe two environmental advantages and two environmental disadvantages of building the hydroelectric power plant proposed by the city council. (4 points) OAA Science Lesson 5 62
OAA Science Lesson 5 63
15. The hydroelectric plant (Figure 2) uses a renewable energy resource. Which statement describes why this resource is considered renewable? A. Heated water turns the turbine. The used water flows upstream back directly into the lake and may be used again right away. B. Falling water turns the turbine. The used water flows upstream back directly into the lake and may be used again right away. C. Heated water turns the turbine. The water is returned to the river downstream, so it may continue in the water cycle. D. Falling water turns the turbine. The water is returned to the river downstream, so it may continue in the water cycle. OAA Science Lesson 5 64