Sustainability in Plastics Calcium Carbonate [in nature, in life]
Omya Group Omya is a leading global producer of industrial minerals, mainly fillers and pigments derived from calcium carbonate and dolomite and is a worldwide distributor of chemical products. The company s major markets are the paper, plastics, paint/coatings/adhesives industries as well as construction, environment, agriculture, food and pharmaceutical. Founded in 1884 in Switzerland, Omya now has a global presence extending to more than 100 locations in over 50 countries with 6000 employees. Sustainability Sustainable development is defined as a form of progress that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Quality, safety and corporate accountability are the principles upon which Omya conducts its business. For us sustainability includes: Economic growth Needs, rights and values of our customers Continuous improvement of our products and services Ecological balance Compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations and constant efforts to reduce our impact Environmental responsibility Social progress Omya s facilities operate safely and are considerate of the community in which they operate We are good local citizens and respect our fellow human beings and the environment We are guided by ethical principles 2
Benefits of our Products Replaces Our calcium carbonates help to replace petrochemical-based plastics in packaging and packaging components. Reduces Our calcium carbonates reduce dependency on petrochemical-based products, in addition to lowering the energy used during processing, and reducing the carbon footprint (greenhouse gas emissions) of the overall package. Reusable Calcium carbonate-reinforced plastics are ideal for heavy-duty applications, including pallets and trays which may be used repeatedly. Recyclable Plastic products containing our calcium carbonates may be recycled. Safe Omya's calcium carbonates meet the local safety requirements. 3
Climate Change - Greenhouse Gases Climate Change has been identified, as one of the greatest challenges facing nations, governments, businesses and citizens for future decades. In response, international, regional, national and local initiatives are being developed and implemented to limit Greenhouse gases concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere. Such initiatives rely on the quantification, monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gases emissions and/or removals. (ISO 14064-1, p.v.) Global Temperature Changes (1880-2000) Departure From Long-Term Mean ( F) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0-0.2-0.4-0.6-0.8 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Source: U.S. National Climate Data Center 4
Global CO 2 Emissions 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 56.8 53.2 24.4 20.6 16.9 12.5 4.6 5.1 4.8 2.1 United States China Japan India Rest of World Percentage of World's CO 2 Emissions Percentage of World's Population Source: Carbon Information analysis center, U.S. Department of Energy. 5
Our Partners Industrial Mineral Association Brussels, Belgium www.ima-eu.org The Natural Step Stockholm, Sweden www.naturalstep.org Carbon Footprint This is the total amount of Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other greenhouse gases emitted over the full life cycle of a product or service and is usually expressed as grams of CO 2 equivalents. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other greenhouse gases account for different global warming effects. The carbon footprint is calculated using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. IMA Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) Project In 2003 the European Commission published a Communication on Integrated Policy stating that LCA is the best framework for assessing the potential environmental impact of products. The proposed methodology to develop LCA data in the most cost effective way is to build, when possible, common process-based datasheets on consumption of materials and emissions to air / water / soil that can be used for various products / minerals. The end of first period of the project European Platform on LCA was completetd in August 2008. IMA have developed the certified CO 2 figure for ground calcium carbonate (GCC) as shown later. 6
LCA System for Calcium Carbonate The GCC Model Energy production Quarries Extraction & Crushing Product Raw Material Transportation Transportation Transportation Raw Material and consumables production Grinding Plant Emissions on the Environment ISO standards 14040 and 14044 on Life Cycle Analysis. 7
The Carbonate Cycle Volcanic eruptions release huge quantities of mixed gases Atmospheric components N 2 Nitrogen O 2 Oxygen CO 2 Carbon dioxide SO 2 Sulphur dioxide NO x Nitrogen oxides H 2 O Water vapor H 2 S Hydrogen sulphide O 3 Ozone Hydrocarbons (e. g. methane) Weathering Temperature changes Acid rain CO 2 Evaporation O 2 Plants Humans Cities Traffic Animals Oceans Aquatic life Dissolved gases Animal and plant remains Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 Precipitation of CaCO 3 caused by temperature and pressure changes The Earth's carbonate cycle (simplified) Natural calcium carbonate deposits may appear massive and immobile, but they do in fact undergo gradual change. Within this system, atmospheric influences alone drive the cyclic processes. Water evaporates and is transformed into gas or water vapor that is carried away by the wind and returns to the Earth s surface as rain. Fine droplets of water (e.g. rain) make effective absorbers of atmospheric impurities like CO 2, SO 2 and NO x, which dissolve to form acids. This acid rain attacks limestone and decomposes it. If the main acidic constituent is CO 2, bicarbonate is formed according to the equation: CaCO 3 + H 2 CO 3 Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 Calcium bicarbonate is water-soluble, so it is washed away into the oceans. This chemical process supplements the mechanical erosion of hills and mountains by wind and water, and is a principal cause of the increasing salinity in the world s oceans. In the oceans, changes in temperature, pressure, ph, CO 2 content etc. may reverse the reaction, causing the carbonate to precipitate and gradually form new sedimentary rocks on the ocean floor. Reference: Omya Calcium Carbonate in the Paper Industry 8
Carbon Footprint & Calcium Carbonate For natural ground calcium carbonate the IMA carbon footprint figure is 75 kg of CO 2 emitted per ton of CaCO 3 produced. (source: IMA figure is based upon the European average mix fuel) In comparison to other raw materials used within the plastics industry, the results for calcium carbonate are very positive. However, there are still possibilities to improve this favourable position and the challenge is to optimize our production process regarding the use of energy and transportation. We believe that the success of our products will depend increasingly upon optimising our carbon footprint for the future. 9
Transportation We strive to have the most efficient means of transportation thanks to our strategy of positioning our business in partnership with our customers. The CO 2 generated by the transportation of Omya's calcium carbonate to its final destination, plays an important role in the final carbon footprint calculation. More than 100 Omya plants situated around the world enables Omya to act as a local supplier which minimises the delivery distance and reduces the CO 2 formation. Please refer to the Omya web site - www.omya.com for plant locations. CO 2 Emissions for Transport Alternatives Transport System GWP* kg CO 2 per ton-km Carbon Footprint kg CO 2 per ton-km Transport Rail 0.0393 0.0393 Transport, lorry > 32t, EURO3 0.117 0.111 Transport, lorry > 32t, EURO4 0.116 0.110 Transport, lorry > 32t, EURO5 0.103 0.0989 Ocean Ship 0.0107 0.0104 River Ship 0.0464 0.0444 * Global Warming Potential Data source: EMPA / ECOINVNET 10
Sustainable Development Development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. As defined by the Brundtland Commission 11
Natural Products for Sustainability V:9083 2009 Omya International AG Baslerstrasse 42 CH-4665 Oftringen plastics.info@omya.com www.omya.com