Fisheries Value Chain January, 2016 SUPPORTED BY IMPLEMENTING PARTNERS KNOWLEDGE PARTNER
Contents 1. Fisheries Value Chain: Research for PMs... 3 1.1 Aquaculture... 4 1.2 Fish Extracts... 4 1.3 Fish Feed and other rearing inputs... 5 1.4 Equipment and services to better Aquaculture... 5 1.5 Sources... 6 1.6 Organization URLs... 6 1.7 Glossary... 6
1. Fisheries Value Chain: Research for PMs India being a peninsular country has a vast potential for fisheries from both inland and marine resources. It has a large marine product and processing potential with varied fish resources along the 7,517 km long coastline 1, 14,500 km of rivers and millions of hectares of reservoirs & brackish water 2. The wide variety of fish resources found in Indian inland waters, coastal areas and deep seas have contributed to India s economic growth in a great way. India is the 3 rd largest country in fisheries production 9 (which is a combination of capture and aquaculture) Fishery units mostly exist in the small- scale sector as proprietary/partnership firms or as fishermen cooperatives. Over the last decade, the organized private sector has become increasingly involved in preservation, processing and export of coastal fish. Fisheries sector occupies a very important place in the socio- economic development of the country with more than 3,827 fishing villages 3 depending on fishing as their primary activity. Also, it has been recognized as an important source of employment in these villages to a considerable number besides being a source of cheap and nutritious food. Fisheries research in India has been spearheaded by the fisheries division of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Agriculture. They have established the following research institutes across the country to focus on specific research areas. 1. Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal 2. Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, Tamilnadu 3. Central Institute of Fisheries Education,Mumbai, Maharashtra 4. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala 5. Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneshwar, Orissa 6. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala 7. National Bureaue of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 8. National Research Centre on Coldwater Fisheries, Bhimtal, Uttaranchal The broad division of players in the fisheries sector is as follows Fishermen Commission Agents Suppliers (Pre- processor) Exporters We have come across 4 specific emergent areas in the recent years in India where research & innovation has played a key role in the growth and development of the entire value chain. Connect to Grow: Fisheries Value Chain Jan, 2016 Page 3
1.1 Aquaculture There have been considerable advancements in Aquaculture technologies driven primarily by Govt. backed research institutions in India. We also see many export oriented private enterprises who have utilized these technologies to grow bigger. CMFRI (http://www.cmfri.org.in/) has developed an innovative low cost cage for promoting open sea cage culture along the coast and cage farming in reservoirs, this technology for carp seed 1 raising in cages have produced 150-210 numbers of fish fingerlings (80-100 mm) per cubic meter of the cage at a cost of Rs 0.4/fingerling with a cost benefit ratio 4 of 2.5 to 2.7.They have also harvested farmed lobsters from model sea- cage. CMFRI s Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS) facility helps in spawning of cobia (type of marine fish) through thermal regulation which has resulted in healthy cobia brooders 5. This facility now produces female cobia weighing 9.29 kg and males weighing between 9.89kg & 10.34kg. RGAC (http://www.rgca.org.in/) has come with a technology for Mapping of water resources using GIS and remote sensing. RGCA has established an Aquaculture Demonstration Farm located at Karaikal, UT of Pondicherry to develop and demonstrate technologies in nursery rearing and grow- out farming of species such as the Asian Seabass and Mangrove mud crab. http://www.rgca.org.in/tech_proj.php?id=15 RGAC has successfully grown Healthy Cobia fry/fingerlings free from pathogens such as Iridovirus, VNN and the bacteria Photobacterium damsellae. They have also grown virus free Tiger Grouper Fry / Fingerlings reared in bio - secure conditions. Fingerlings are produced from healthy Tiger Grouper broodstock of Andamans conditioned in sea cages and land based concrete tanks with recirculation facility. This institution is of relevance as they have a world class Technology Transfer and Training Centre for disseminating the technologies developed from the various projects established by RGCA ( http://www.rgca.org.in/tech_tran.php?id=5) Ananda Aqua Exports (http://www.anandagroup.com) it is a large fishery based organization working end to end in the fishery value chain. The company s feed division is India's largest feed distributor and has been supplying to farmers since the last 20 years across the country. 1.2 Fish Extracts The process of extraction has been used to render extracts such has fish oil, fish powder, fish emulsion, fish sauce, Bio- diesel etc. Below listed are a few organizations who are producing the Arbee (http://arbeefishoil.com/r- and- d.html) Arbee Bio- Marine is the largest producer and manufacturer of Bio- diesel and Glycerin in India. The company s bio- diesel refinery employs the latest refining technology, equipment and quality assurance procedures. Arbee bio- diesel can be directly used in pure form, or in combination with petro- diesel. With virtually no sulphur content, bio- diesel has better lubricating properties and much higher cetane ratings. Arjuna Natural Extracts Ltd. (http://www.arjunanatural.com/omega.html) is another firm which is into fish extracts. Their product Omega- 3, a natural extract from sardine is recommended for infants and pregnant women for proper brain and visual development. Connect to Grow: Fisheries Value Chain Jan, 2016 Page 4
1.3 Fish Feed and other rearing inputs Fish feed has taken an important dimension in the rearing of fish as it provides balanced nutrition and determines the healthy development of the farmed fish. An organization called Kwality Feeds (http://www.kwalityfeeds.com/products/) brings a new generation of efficient Floating Fish feeds which help achieve the best possible total economic performance in the fish farm. It provides vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients necessary for growth and development of the fish. Bio technology and bio security are two other emerging areas, which act as essential inputs required to the rearing of fish. An organization that endeavors to ensure healthy fish through its products is Biostadt India Ltd (http://www.biostadt.com/aquaculture- inputs/flash.aspx) they offer high- quality product range that includes insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, hybrid seeds, aqua product and farm services for fish rearing. 1.4 Equipment and services to better Aquaculture The advanced technologies in aquaculture have created a favorable environment for SME businesses in aquaculture to benefit and foray into areas which were not possible earlier due to high costs of infrastructure and cold storage. Here are a few private firms that have established R&D and innovations in providing equipment and allied products/technologies to better production in fisheries Eruvaka Technologies (http://www.eruvaka.com/) has come with an innovative product PondGaurd- which is a solar- powered floating buoy that measure different water parameters, such as oxygen levels, temperature and ph range, crucial for the growth and survival of fish and shrimp. The collected information is uploaded on the cloud and transmitted to individual customers through an Android app, SMS, voice call or the internet and PondMother- which is an automated and intelligent feeder which enables you to monitor the feed for your fish and adjust feed based on quality and weather data. It reduces Feed conversion ratios (FCR) by over 30%, and increases the profit margins. 7 NRG Technologists Pvt.Ltd (http://www.nrgtechnologists.com) and Planters Energy Network (PEN) (http://www.pen.solar/solar- fish- drier/) PEN and NRG have designed fully solar dependent dryers for fish. The unit has a solar collector for hot air production and a solar photovoltaic panel to run DC fans to blow hot air into the dryer which dries the fish fed into the chamber. The chamber has multiple trays with chimney for drying the fish. Different capacity small dryers are also being manufactured. The standard unit is a 50 Kg/batch 8 which yield high quality products thereby adding more value to the fish. Cold storage is a critical are in fisheries and a first step before exports, Simon Sea Foods (http://simonseafoods.com/cold_storage.html ) is a premier cold storage equipment company in India. They have blast freeze rooms that can completely freeze the products at - 40 degrees in 8 hours. The Fisheries sector in India is developing well today. The R&D investments in Aquaculture during the last two decades have resulted in lot many innovative solutions in fish farming to suit the needs of local fishermen and fishing enterprises. There have been a growing number of private fishing enterprises who have made their presence in the booming value chain of fisheries. Connect to Grow: Fisheries Value Chain Jan, 2016 Page 5
1.5 Sources 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/geography_of_india 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/inland_waterways_authority_of_india 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fishing_in_india 4. msam.nic.in/docs/innovations_in_inland_open_waters.pptx 5. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/9797/1/cadalmin- 139- Final.pdf 6. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/10537/1/ijf%2062.3_vijayagopal_89-99.pdf 7. http://www.eruvaka.com/ 8. http://www.pen.solar/solar- fish- drier/ 9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fishing_industry_by_country 1.6 Organization URLs 1. CMFRI (http://www.cmfri.org.in/) 2. RGAC (http://www.rgca.org.in/) 3. Ananda Aqua Exports (http://www.anandagroup.com) 4. Arbee Bio Marine (http://arbeefishoil.com/r- and- d.html) 5. Arjuna Natural Extracts Ltd. (http://www.arjunanatural.com/omega.html) 6. Kwality Feeds (http://www.kwalityfeeds.com/products/) 7. Biostadt India Ltd (http://www.biostadt.com/aquaculture- inputs/flash.aspx) 8. Eruvaka Technologies (http://www.eruvaka.com/) 9. NRG Technologists Pvt.Ltd (http://www.nrgtechnologists.com) 10. Planters Energy Network (PEN) (http://www.pen.solar/solar- fish- drier/) 1.7 Glossary 1. Carp are not native to our area; they introduced into America from Asia as a food source. Unfortunately, carp hurt our native fish species by uprooting plants, disturbing the bottom, and eating fish egg. Beside fish egg, carp eat algae, other water plant, insects, earthworms, aquatic worms, snails, mussels, crayfish, and rotifers. They also eat old dead plant part from the bottom. Common carp swim along the bottom, sucking up mud and food items. They spit out the stuff they don t eat. Carp are most active in early morning and evening. Common carp spawn (breed) in weedy areas. Hatchling the larvae emerging from the fertilized eggs after hatching are called hatchling. It is characterized by the presence of yolk sac hanging below from where it draws its nutrition for 2 3 days. At this stage the mouth is not formed and hence it does not take food from outside. Spawn As soon as the yolk sac of the hatchling is absorbed it is known as spawn. At this stage the mouth is formed and it starts taking small zooplankton like rotifers and supplementary feed like egg yolk, finely powdered oil cake, rice bran etc. Connect to Grow: Fisheries Value Chain Jan, 2016 Page 6
Fry As soon as the spawn assume the shape of the fish and grow to about 1 2 cm it is known as fry. At this stage they are primarily smaller size zooplankton feeder. It takes about 7 to 10 days for the spawn to grow up to fry stage. Fingerling As soon as the fry grow up to 10 15 cm size or roughly equal the size of a finger it is known as fingerling. Fingerling is the proper size for stocking in table fish production ponds. It takes about 30 60 days for the fry to grow up to fingerling size. Connect to Grow: Fisheries Value Chain Jan, 2016 Page 7