200-203 JATIT & LL. All rghts reserved. IN: 992-864 www.att.org E-IN: 87-39 EVALUATION METHODOLOGY OF BU RAPID TRANIT (BRT) OPERATION WU HONGYANG A a Chna Urban ustanable Transport Research Center (CUTReC), Chna Academy of Transportaton cences, Mnstry of Transport, P.R.Chna ABTRACT In the paper, the ndcator system and evaluaton methodology of BRT operaton was establshed accordng to the characters of BRT development n Chna. These ndcators nclude sx aspects: nfrastructure, transport capacty, servce level, economc results, safety and emergency management, and energy savng & emsson reducton. The plot study was mplemented n Jnan cty. The results of plot study show: the presented evaluaton methodology of BRT operaton agrees wth the system desgnng standards and therefore s operatonal. Keywords: Bus Rapd Transt (BRT), Evaluaton methodology, Operaton, Indcator system. INTRODUCTION Thrteen of all Chnese maor ctes have launched ther Bus Rapd Transt (BRT) system by the end of 200, makng the number of the BRT buses 2,943 and the total length of the bus routes 4 klometers. The key ssues concernng the BRT system nclude system capacty, the comparson between the BRT system and the conventonal forms of mass transt, and the comparsons wthn dfferent BRT systems. To draw conclusons t s necessary to conduct studes on the BRT system by developng an evaluaton system that s equpped wth comprehensve ndcators and methodology. Chnese scholars started to pay attenton to the evaluaton ndcator system of the operaton of the BRT system at the begnnng of the 20th century. Ln Jng [] developed an ndcator system that focuses on the techncal factors, the economc and socal mpacts of the BRT system. Jaqng Wu and Zheng Ln [2] developed ther ndcator that s based on the present and future of the BRT system close to the outhern Central Axs Area n Beng. The ndcator examnes the servce level of the BRT system as well as the benefts t may generate to the operaton companes and the communty. Haxa Wang, Ru ong, Mng L [3] developed the BRT evaluaton ndcator system and ts Herarchcal structure to examne the nfrastructure, servce level, economc results of the BRT system, and ts relatonshp wth the urban development. Ther study outcomes also nclude a ratng standard for each ndcator of the evaluaton ndcator system. Mngmng Chen and Humn Nu [4] developed the evaluaton ndcator system and the related methodology to make comparson of BRT systems of dfferent forms and tme, and between the BRT system and other forms of mass transt. Hanyng Deng and Chaohong Guo [] separated the most effectve BRT approach by recordng and analyzng the features of the BRT system. hengxue Zhu [6] descrbed the functons and mpacts of the BRT system from the angles of nfrastructure nvestment, servce level, and the overall benefts by usng multple ndvdual factors as the ndcators. They also bult an ndcator system to determne the development of the BRT system by usng layer analyss. The post-brt evaluaton system developed by Yan Zhang [7] ncludes post-process evaluaton, post-economc and post-socal mpacts evaluaton, postsustanablty evaluaton, and the overall postevaluaton. The evaluaton ndcator system of the BRT system has drawn consderable attenton n Chna, but there s stll a lack of research n some aspects of the ndcator. The mssng of a comprehensve evaluaton ndcator system may compromse the BRT system s operaton status. The exstng evaluaton systems, developed based manly on overseas experence, pays lttle attenton to the operaton status of the BRT system, whch s of crucal mportance n Chna. The evaluaton systems that currently are beng appled also have dffcultes n meetng the expectatons of the government, customers, operaton companes, and the employees. 733
200-203 JATIT & LL. All rghts reserved. IN: 992-864 www.att.org E-IN: 87-39 2. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EVALUATION INDICATOR YTEM 2. Gudelnes The evaluaton ndcator system of the operaton of the BRT system should be comprehensve, ntegrated, systematc, and scentfc, and s of obectveness, functonalty, and equalty, and s able to provde gudance to the evaluaton and can be compared wth other ndcators as well. 2.2 Basc Functons The basc functons of the evaluaton ndcator system of the operaton of the BRT system nclude to ensure a scentfc evaluaton on the plannng, operaton, and the servce level of the urban BRT system; to mprove the safety, convenence, moblty, comfort, and relablty of the urban BRT system, to examne the carryng out of the strateges and polces concernng the prortzng of the publc transport, and to provde suggestons for the state and local governmental departments to ssue laws and regulatons for the BRT system. 2.3 tructure Desgnng The evaluaton ndcator system of the operaton of the BRT system has three categores, thrteen aspects, and twenty-fve ndvdual ndcators. The structure of the ndcator s as the Fg.. Fg.The Evaluaton Indcator ystem Of The Operaton Of The BRT ystem 734
200-203 JATIT & LL. All rghts reserved. IN: 992-864 www.att.org E-IN: 87-39 3. METHODOLOGY AND MODEL Takng the features of the Chnese BRT system nto consderaton, the study uses the gray clusterng analyss as the tool of analyss. The steps are as the followng: ) Calculatng the whtenng matrx { d }; In the formula, W stands for the weght of the evaluaton factor n level. stands for the average value of the evaluaton factor n every level of the categorzng standard. 7) Calculatng the cluster coeffcent η ; 2) Calculatng the egenvalue λ k ; 3) Transformng the ndcators; 4) The non-dmenson process; ) Calculatng the gray whtenng functon f ( d ) k 6) Calculatng the weght of every ndcator n each category. The followng formula can be used to calculate the weght of the gray cluster: W = n = Number Indcator Unt B () In the formula, n k wf = η = ( x) (2) η stands for the cluster coeffcent of evaluaton pont on evaluaton level ; f the value of the ndcator of the evaluaton pont falls nto category, k f ( ) x stands for the functon value of ndcator s whtenng functon k. 8) Buldng cluster vector () ; ( ) (,,..., ) = (3) 2 k 9) A cluster s the level of development of the BRT system n urban areas. Table.tandards Of The Evaluaton Levels Level A B C D 0,000 0 00~0 0~00 0 km/tme 2 B2 mn 20 20~30 30~40 40 3 B3 km/h 40 30~40 20~30 20 4 B4 % 9 8~9 0~8 0 B % 22 22~40 40~60 60 6 B6 mn 3 3~ ~0 0 7 B7 mn 8 8~ ~20 20 8 B8 mn 3 3~ ~8 8 9 B9 % 0 0~60 60~8 8 0 B0 % 40 40~0 0~60 60 B Yuan..~2 2~3 3 A outstandng, B good, C acceptable, D poor 4. PILOT TUDY The study uses the BRT system n the cty of Jnan as the case example to examne the ndcator of the evaluaton ndcators of the BRT operaton status. The ndcator of the evaluaton of the servce level of the BRT system s dvded nto four levels A (outstandng), B (good), C (acceptable), D (poor).a outstandng, B good, C acceptable, D poor. An effectve evaluaton on the servce level of the BRT system n the cty of Jnan can be conducted by applyng the gray clusterng analyss to the actual values the ndcators of the BRT system. Table 2.Actual Values Of The Evaluaton Indcators Of The Jnan BRT ystem Evaluaton ndcator Actual values Evaluaton ndcator Actual values B 490 B7 3 B2 32 B8 7 B3 2. B9 7 B4 90 B0 3 B 38 B B6 8 73
200-203 JATIT & LL. All rghts reserved. IN: 992-864 www.att.org E-IN: 87-39 ) The whtenng matrx s as the followng: D={490,30,2.,90,38,8,3,7,7,3,} 2) The results of non-dmenson are as the Table 3. 3) Calculatng all whtenng functons, the results are lsted n Table 4. 4) Calculatng the weght of the ndcators (see Table for results) ) Calculatng the cluster coeffcent of the ndcators at four levels. =0.2446, 2 =0.27, 3 =0.2860, 4 =0.207 Cluster vectors: ( ) = {0.2446, 0.27, 0.2860, 0.207} 6)The maxmum cluster coeffcent of cluster vector () s 0.2860,meanng that the servce level of the BRT system n Jnan s medum n needng of mprovement. The plot study n Jnan shows that the evaluaton ndcator s adaptable and functonal, and can be publshed as the ndcator of the evaluaton ndcators of the BRT operaton status. Table 3.The Dmensonless Indcators And Levels Level Indca Indcator B C tor Value A D Low Medum Hgh Low Medum Hgh B 0.98 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0. 0. 0.2 0. B2 0.8 0. 0. 0.63 0.7 0.7 0.88 B3 0.38 0.7 0.88 0. 0.63 0.7 0. B4 0.947 0.89 0.9 0 0.3 0.7 0.89 0.3 B 0.633 0.37 0.37 0.2 0.67 0.67 0.83 B6 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4 0. 0. 0.7 B7 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.88 B8 0.876 0.38 0.38 0. 0.63 0.63 0.8 B9 0.882 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 B0 0.83 0.67 0.67 0.7 0.83 0.83 0.92 B 0.333 0. 0. 0.63 0.7 0.7 0.88 Table 4.The Values Of All Indcator s Whtenng Functons Level B B2 B3 B4 B B6 B7 B8 B9 B0 B A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 B 0 0 0 0.9 0.8768 0 0.882 0 0 0 0 C 0 0.3846 0.3077 0 0 0.8 0 0.679 0.7867 0 0 D 0 0 0.6923 0 0 0.2 0 0.342 0.233 0 0 Table.The tandard Weght Of Indcators Leve B B2 B3 B4 B B6 B7 B8 B9 l 0.049 0.083 0.66 0.66 0.06 0.049 0.066 0.063 0.098 A 9 2 4 4 6 9 6 2 2 0.093 0.30 0.40 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.096 B 0.037 0.077 3 4 7 2 9 6 3 0.08 0.07 0.077 0.0 0.09 0.07 0.099 0.04 C 0.087 4 8 2 7 9 8 3 2 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 D 0.0 0.08 8 A outstandng, B good, C acceptable, D poor The plot study n Jnan shows that the evaluaton ndcator s adaptable and functonal and can be publshed as the ndcator of the evaluaton ndcators of the BRT operaton status. B 0 0. 0. 0.2 8 0.09 B 0.083 2 0.093 3 0.09 9 0.09 CONCLUION Ths paper puts forward a new method to evaluate the bus rapd transt (BRT) operaton, and shows the accuracy and feasblty of the evaluaton methodology, provdes reference and techncal 736
200-203 JATIT & LL. All rghts reserved. IN: 992-864 www.att.org E-IN: 87-39 support for urban publc transport network n our country at the same tme. It has great mportance mprovng travel effcency of resdents and the servce level of bus rapd transt (BRT). ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The study s funded by the Western Traffc Constructon Proects of the Mnstry of Transport (20-38-22-20) and Volvo Research and Educatonal Foundatons. The author would lke to extend the grattude to the Energy Foundaton and Jnan Urban ustanable Transport Research Center, whose support was crucal to the completng of the study. REFERENCE [] A book: Jng, L.,200, tudy on the Evaluaton Indcator of the BRT ystem, Changan Unversty. [2] Journal Artcles: Wu, J., & Ln, Z., 2006, The Evaluaton Indcator of the Mass BRT ystem, Urban Publc Transport, (7): 2-4. [3] Wang, H., ong, R., & L, M., 2008, tudy on the Evaluaton Methods of the Development of the BRT ystem, The Journal of Transportaton Engneerng and Informaton Technology, 9(3):77-84. [4] Chen, M., Nu, H., 2006, tudy on the BRT ystem and the Related Evaluaton, Journal of Lanzhou Jaotong Unversty, 8(2):3-7. [] Deng, H., & Guo, C., 2009, Bref Introducton of the Analyss on the Evaluaton of the Operaton ystem of the BRT ystem, Urban Roads Brdges & Flood Control, 9():8-2 [6] Zhu,., 2007, tudy on the Evaluaton Indcator Indcator of the Development of the BRT ystem, Urban Publc Transport, (0):29-3. [7] Zhang, Y., 2007, Post-Evaluaton Indcator of the BRT ystem, cence & Technology and Economy,(3):0-03 737