Energy Efficient Windows, Doors, and Skylights for Florida Schools and Colleges Don Whitehead, AIA, LEED AP Senior Architect Department of Education Office of Educational Facilities
Code References FLORIDA BUILDING CODE Energy Conservation Fifth Edition (2014) Effective: June 30, 2015 Has some major changes to the requirements for Energy Efficient Windows, Doors, and Skylights
Green Building Rating Systems FS 255.2575 and Section 3.2(4) SREF, Rule 6A-2, FAC Four Options: USGBC LEED ICC IgCC: GBI.
Two Basic Options (C401.2) Prescriptive Path Must meet all of the requirements for : Building Envelope (C402) Mechanical Systems (C403) Water Heating Systems (C404) Electrical Power and Lighting Systems (C405) Performance Path (computer model) (C407) The modeled building energy cost must be < 85% of the standard reference design building (C401.2). Mandatory Sections C402.4, C403.2, C404, C405 (C407.2)
Climate Zones (C301.1) Zone 1 New Code Broward Dade Monroe Collier Hendry Lee Palm Beach Zone 2 All other counties in Florida
NFRC Label (C303.1.3) All performance values include the glazing and the frame.
Without NFRC Label (C303.1.3) Products lacking a label must use a Default Value. Default Values are the same for all climate zones Default Values will not meet the prescriptive requirements. U-Factor Window Skylight Frame Type Single Pane Double Pane Single Pane Double Pane Metal 1.20 0.80 2.00 1.30 w/ thermal break 1.10 0.65 1.90 1.10 Door Type U-Factor Uninsulated Metal 1.20 Insulated Metal 0.60 SHGC and VT Single Pane Double Pane Clear Tinted Clear Tinted SHGC 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 VT (New code) 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3
Typical Window Properties U-Factor SHGC VT Single pane, clear, aluminum frame 1.25 0.72 0.71 Dbl pane, clear, aluminum frame 0.60 0.60 0.63 Dbl pane, bronze tint, aluminum frame 0.60 0.42 0.38 Dbl pane, reflective, aluminum frame 0.54 0.17 0.10 Dbl pane, low-e, bronze tint, alum frame 0.49 0.39 0.36 Dbl pane, selective low-e, bronze tint, alum fr 0.46 0.27 0.43 Dbl pane, spectrally selective low-e, alum fr 0.46 0.34 0.57 Dbl pane, ss low-e, thermal break frame 0.30 0.34 0.57 Triple pane, low-e, thermal break frame 0.20 0.22 0.37 Quadruple pane, low-e, thermal break frame 0.14 0.20 0.34
Low-E Glass Soft Coat It is the most common type of low-e. The layer of silver is deposited onto the glass through a sputtering process after the glass is manufactured. This type of coating is fairly sensitive and needs to be protected inside an IG unit to prevent scratching. Hard Coat During the manufacturing process, a pyrolytic or hard-coat low-e glazing incorporates a thin layer of tin oxide into the glass while it is still hot. Applying it at this stage welds it to the glass, resulting in a very durable coating. Low-E Placement In warmer climates, the location is best on the #2 surface. In cold climates, it is best on the #3 surface for maximum results.
U-Factor Climate Zone 1 Default(C303.1.3) Energy Code LEED or IgCC GG FGBC Fixed window 0.80 0.50 (C402.3) 0.45 0.40 0.40 Operable window 0.80 0.65 (C402.3) 0.59 0.55 0.50 Door w/ > 50% glass 1.20 1.10 (C402.3) 1.00 1.00 0.94 Opaque Door (C402.2.7) 0.60 0.61 (C402.2) 0.55 0.55 0.52 Skylight 1.10 0.75 (C402.3) 0.68 0.65 0.64 Climate Zone 2 Fixed or operable window same as climate zone 1 Door w/ > 50% glass 1.20 0.83 (C402.3) 0.75 0.75 0.71 Opaque Door same as climate zone 1 Skylight 1.10 0.65 (C402.3) 0.59 0.55 0.55
Daylight Zone Under skylights (C202) The area under skylights whose horizontal dimension, in each direction, is equal to the skylight dimension in that direction plus the floor-to-ceiling height. Adjacent to vertical fenestration (C202) The area adjacent to vertical fenestration which receives daylight through the fenestration. The daylight zone is assumed to extend into the space a distance of 15 feet. The daylight zone width is assumed to be the width of the window plus 2 feet on each side.
Daylighting in Schools Daylighting in schools has been shown to significantly increase student s test scores and promote better health and physical development Heschong Mahone Group studies have shown: 26% improvement on reading tests 20% improvement on math tests Improved visibility due to higher illumination levels Improved visibility due to improved light quality Improved health Improved mood Improved alertness Improved behavior
Translucent Daylighting Different products Acrylic Polycarb Fiberglass Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reduced Glare Reduced Weight Reduced U-Factor Reduced SHGC Reduced Energy Cost
Automatic Daylighting Controls Are controls that are capable of automatically reducing the lighting power in response to available daylight, by continuous dimming or stepped dimming to less than 35% of the maximum light output (C405.2.2.3.2). Increased Skylight U-factor Where skylights are installed above daylight zones provided with automatic daylighting controls, a maximum U-factor of 0.9 shall be permitted in Climate Zones 1 through 3 (C402.3.3.4).
Increased Skylight U-Factor Climate Zone 1 Default(C303.1.3) Energy Code LEED or IgCC GG FGBC Skylight 1.10 0.75 (C402.3) 0.68 0.65 0.64 w/ automatic daylight controls 1.10 0.90 (C402.3.3.4) 0.81 0.80 0.77 Climate Zone 2 Skylight 1.10 0.65 (C402.3) 0.59 0.55 0.554 w/ automatic daylight controls 1.10 0.90 (C402.3.3.4) 0.81 0.80 0.77
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) Climate Zone 1 Default(C303.1.3) Energy Code LEED or IgCC GG FGBC Window 0.60 0.25 (C402.3) 0.23 0.25 0.21 Door w/ > 50% glass 0.60 0.25 (C402.3) 0.23 0.25 0.21 Skylight 0.60 0.35 (C402.3) 0.32 0.35 0.30 Climate Zone 2 same as climate zone 1 Dbl pane, bronze tint, aluminum frame 0.42 Dbl pane, reflective, aluminum frame 0.17 Dbl pane, low-e, bronze tint, alum frame 0.39 Dbl pane, spectrally selective low-e, bronze tint, alum frame 0.27 Dbl pane, spectrally selective low-e, alum frame 0.34 Triple pane, low-e, thermal break frame 0.22
Increased SHGC Increased Vertical Fenestration SHGC In Climate Zones 1 through 3, vertical fenestration entirely located not less than 6 feet above the finished floor shall be permitted a maximum SHGC of 0.40 (C402.3.3.2). Increased Skylight SHGC In Climate Zones 1 through 6, skylights shall be permitted a maximum SHGC of 0.60 where located above daylight zones provided with automated daylighting controls (C402.3.3.3).
Increased SHGC Climate Zone 1 or 2 Default(C303.1.3) Energy Code LEED or IgCC GG FGBC Typical window 0.60 0.25 (C402.3) 0.23 0.25 0.21 Window sill > 6 AFF 0.60 0.40 (C402.3.3.2) 0.36 0.35 0.34 Typical skylight 0.60 0.35 (C402.3) 0.32 0.35 0.30 Skylight w/ automatic daylight controls For lighting below 0.60 0.60 (C402.3.3.3) 0.54 0.55 0.51 Dbl pane, bronze tint, aluminum frame 0.42 Dbl pane, reflective, aluminum frame 0.17 Dbl pane, low-e, bronze tint, alum frame 0.39 Dbl pane, spectrally selective low-e, bronze tint, alum frame 0.27 Dbl pane, spectrally selective low-e, alum frame 0.34 Triple pane, low-e, thermal break frame 0.22
SHGC adjustment for overhangs Projection Factor (PF = A/B) (C402.3.3) A = Distance measured horizontally from the furthest continuous extremity of any overhang, eave, or permanently attached shading device to the vertical surface of the glazing. B = Distance measured vertically from the bottom of the glazing to the underside of the overhang, eave, or permanently attached shading device. Projection Factor Oriented within 45 All other degrees of true north orientations 0.2 < PF <.5 1.1 1.2 PF > 0.5 1.2 1.6
SHGC adjustment for overhangs Climate Zones 1 or 2 Default(C303.1.3) Energy Code LEED or IgCC GG FGBC Window (PF < 0.2) 0.60 0.25 (C402.3) 0.23 0.25 0.21 Window orientated within 45 degrees of true north (0.2 < PF < 0.5) 0.60 0.28 (C402.3.3.1) 0.25 0.28 0.23 All other orientations (0.2 < PF < 0.5) 0.60 0.30 (C402.3.3.1) 0.27 0.30 0.26 Window orientated within 45 degrees of true north (PF > 0.5) 0.60 0.30 (C402.3.3.1) 0.27 0.30 0.26 All other orientations (PF > 0.5) 0.60 0.40 (C402.3.3.1) 0.36 0.35 0.34
Glare from Natural Light Sources of natural light in instructional spaces shall be glazed with glare reducing materials or shall be shielded to prevent glare that can interfere with seeing tasks within the instructional space (468.3.2, Building). Illumination of markerboards, chalkboards and other instruction aids shall be designed to eliminate glare and shadows (468.3.7.5, Building).
Visible Transmittance (VT) The ratio of visible light entering the space through the fenestration product assembly to the incident visible light. Visible Transmittance includes the effects of glazing material and frame and is expressed as a number between 0 and 1 (C202). Default Values Single Pane Double Pane (C303.1.3) Clear Tinted Clear Tinted SHGC 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 VT 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.3 Typical Window SHGC VT Dbl pane, bronze tint, aluminum frame 0.42 0.38 Dbl pane, reflective, aluminum frame 0.17 0.10 Dbl pane, low-e, bronze tint, alum frame 0.39 0.36 Dbl pane, selective low-e, bronze tint, alum frame 0.27 0.43 Dbl pane, spectrally selective low-e, alum frame 0.34 0.57
Increased Vertical Fenestration Area In Climate Zones 1 through 6, a maximum of 40% of the gross above-grade wall area shall be permitted to be vertical fenestration, provided: (C402.3.1.1) 1. No less than 50% of the conditioned floor area is within a daylight zone; 2. Automatic daylighting controls are installed in daylight zones; and 3. The VT of the vertical fenestration is greater than or equal to 1.1 times the SHGC. Fenestration Maximum Area The vertical fenestration area (not including opaque doors and opaque spandrel panels) shall not exceed 30% of the gross above-grade wall area (C402.3.1).
Increased Vertical Fenestration Area 1. 50% of the conditioned floor area is within a daylight zone; 2. Automatic daylighting controls are installed in daylight zones; 3. The VT of the vertical fenestration is 0.57 and the SHGC is 0.34.
Skylight Maximum Area The skylight area shall not exceed 3% of the gross roof area (C402.3.1). Increased Skylight Area The skylight area shall be permitted to be a maximum of 5 percent of the roof area provided automatic daylighting controls are installed in daylight zones under skylights (C402.3.1.2).
Increased Skylight Area Skylight area is 4% of the roof area. Automatic daylighting controls are installed in daylight zones under the skylights
Minimum Skylight Area In an enclosed space greater than 10,000 square feet, directly under a roof with ceiling heights greater than 15 feet, and used as an office, lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, storage, gymnasium/exercise center, convention center, automotive service, manufacturing, non-refrigerated warehouse, retail store, distribution/sorting area, transportation, or workshop, the total daylight zone under skylights shall be not less than half the floor area and shall provide a minimum skylight area to daylight zone under skylights of either: (C402.3.2). 1. Not less than 3% with a skylight VT of at least 0.40; or 2. Provide a minimum skylight effective aperture of at least 1% determined in accordance with the equation: Skylight Effective Aperture = 0.85 x Skylight Area x Skylight VT x WF Daylight zone under skylight
Minimum Skylight Area Skylight Effective Aperture = 0.85 x Skylight Area x Skylight VT x WF Daylight zone under skylight Skylight area = Total area of skylights Skylight VT = Area weighted average visible transmittance of skylights. WF =Area weighted average well factor, where well factor is 0.9 if light well depth is less than 2 feet, or 0.7 if light well depth is 2 feet or greater. Light well depth = Measure vertically from the underside of the lowest point of the skylight glazing to the ceiling plane under the skylight.
Minimum Skylight Area Exception: Skylights above daylight zones of enclosed spaces are not required in: 1. N/A 2. Spaces where the designed general lighting power densities are less than 0.5 W/ft 2. 3. Areas where it is documented that existing structures or natural objects block direct beam sunlight on at least half of the roof over the enclosed area for more than 1,500 daytime hours per year between 8 am and 4pm. 4. Spaces where the daylight zone under rooftop monitors is greater than 50% of the enclosed floor area.
The total daylight zone under skylights shall be not less than half the floor area. The skylight area to daylight zone shall be not less than 3% and the Visible Transmittance (VT) shall be not less than 0.40. 5(8 x 8) = 320; 5(34 x 34) = 5780; 5780 x 3% = 173.4; 320 > 173.4 The skylight effective aperture shall be at least 1%. 0.85 x 320 x 0.35 (VT) x 0.9 (WF) / 5780 = 1.5% Minimum Skylight Area Gymnasium 102 x 102 = 10,404 sq ft Ceiling height = 26 feet (> 15 )
Fenestration Air Leakage The air leakage of fenestration assemblies shall meet the provisions of Table C402.4.3 (Climate Zones 1 and 2 are the same). Table C402.4.3 Fenestration Assembly Maximum Rate (CFM/SQ FT) Windows 0.20 Opaque doors (< 50% glass) 0.20 Skylights w/ condensation weeps 0.30 Skylights w/o weeps 0.20 Curtain walls 0.06 Storefront glazing 0.06 Door w/ > 50% glass 1.00
Building Test (C402.4.1.2.3) The completed building shall be tested and the air leakage rate of the building envelope shall not exceed 0.40 CFM/SQ FT. LEED < 0.36 CFM/sq ft Green Globes < 0.35 CFM/SQ ft FGBC < 0.34% CFM/SQ FT IgCC (605.1.2.2) The building thermal envelope air tightness shall be acceptable where the tested air leakage of the total area of the building thermal envelope is less than 0.25 CFM/SQ FT.
Wind-borne Debris Region (Section 1609.2 and Figure 1609A, FBC, B)
EHPA Wind-borne Debris Region (453.25.4, FBC, B) Highly recommended anywhere in the state
Green School Awards Program School Winners: 2014 Eagles Landing Middle School in Palm Beach County 2013 Audubon Elementary School in Brevard County 2012 Driftwood Middle School in Broward County 2011 - Learning Gate Community School in Hillsborough County 2010 Pine Jog Elementary School in Palm Beach County 2009 Odyssey Charter School in Brevard County District Winners: 2014 Orange County 2013 Broward County 2012 Duval County 2011 - Pinellas County 2010 Broward County 2009 Pasco County
Finalists are eligible for the national Green Ribbon School Awards Green School Awards Program Current application period is April 22 through September 14, 2015 Download the PDF application file from www.greenschoolnetwork.org Gather all the information and complete the PDF application Upload the information to the Survey Monkey application Awards ceremony will be at the Annual Joint Conference of the School Board Association and Superintendents Association at the Grand Hyatt Tampa Bay, December 1 st through 4 th, 2015.
School Winners: 2015 (58 schools in 23 states) Manatee Elementary School in Brevard County, Odyssey Charter School in Brevard County, Pine View School in Sarasota County 2013 (64 schools in 29 states) Driftwood Middle School Academy in Broward County, St. Paul Lutheran School in Polk County District Winners: 2014 (9 districts) Broward County 2013 (14 Districts) Palm Beach County 2012 (78 schools in 28 states) Learning Gate Community School in Hillsborough County, Pine Jog Elementary School in Palm Beach County, Terra Elementary School in Dade County
Contact Information Don Whitehead, AIA, LEED AP email: don.whitehead@fldoe.org Phone (850) 245-9295 Fax (850) 245-9236 Office of Educational Facilities www.fldoe.org/edfacil/ State Requirements for Educational Facilities 2014 www.fldoe.org/core/fileparse.php/7738/urlt/srefrule14.pdf