Smart coating for improving indoor air quality Formaldehyde abatement DCM Valbonne, January 2014
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) facts Air pollution can cause health problems such as respiratory diseases (e.g. asthma), allergies, and possibly lung cancer More and more time is spent indoors, indoor air quality (IAQ) has become one of the major health issues on the agenda of the European Commission Tobacco, cleaning products, fuel for cooking and heating, emissions from construction materials and furniture are common sources of pollution Formaldehyde is one of the substances listed by the EU as being of high concern in connection with IAQ
What do people feel when over exposed to formaldehyde? Concentration of formaldehyde in the air: 60 70 μg/m 3 : children may breathe heavily ~ 100 μg/m 3 : adult will sense peculiar smell and feel uncomfortable ~ 500 μg/m 3 : eye irritation, cause excessive tearing ~ 30 000 μg/m 3 (30mg/m 3 ): fatal to human being Source: http://baike.baidu.com/view/4913.htm
Typical formaldehyde concentrations In France, several studies have been done on the subject by different 3rd party institutes (INERIS 2004, AFFSET 2007..) on standard housing : 75% of measurements showed a concentration > 14.3 µg/m 3 in inside air AFFSET recommend a maximum long term exposure value of 10 µg/m 3 15-20
Governmental actions In France: Date Jan 1st 2015 Jan 1st 2023 HCHO limit 30 µg/m3 10 µg/m3 Building type Schools with children < 6 years old, kinder garden All public buildings «Décret n 2011-1727» Globally, China was among the first countries to proactively address this issue
Formaldehyde sources plywood Furniture paint Wall paint Coatings curtain Block board Wooden materials formaldehyde Fabrics Fabric sofa Floor paint
DOW binders for Formaldehyde abatement Formashield technology In Europe: A new low odour self film forming binder based on Formashield technology is now commercially available in Europe: Primal SF-208 ER External lab certifications (Certech, Eurofins) confirming formaldehyde abatement In China: Developments initiated in China where indoor air quality topics are of high concern Several DOW pure acrylic and styrene acrylic binders commercial in APR since 2009. Only the paints based on DOW Formashield binders pass the Chinese standard (GB standard +).
Primal SF-208 ER Primal SF-208 ER is an aqueous, styrene acrylic binder designed for the formulation of paints which can contribute to the reduction of the formaldehyde content present in indoor atmosphere. The reaction does not release toxic materials and on the opposite is clean. APEO free Low odour No coalescing agent required for film formation (MFFT <5 C) Ambient cross linking technology for enhanced paint film performance Very good scrub Good stain resistance Very good adhesion on aged alkyds Can be formulated like any other conventional self film forming binders Wide formulating window with good balance of dry film properties
Primal SF-208 ER Property Typical Values Appearance Milky liquid Solids content 47.5 48.5 % ph 8 9.5 Viscosity (LVT, 2#,60rpm,25 ) Minimum Film Formation Temperature 500 cps max. ~4 C Specific Gravity (wet polymer) 1.06 g/cm 3 Specific Gravity (dry polymer) 1.13 g/cm 3
Primal SF-208 ER semi-gloss paint Material Name Kilograms Level Grind Water 65.64 Tego Foamex 805 1.69 Orotan 731AER 12.63 1.0% % Disp Acrysol RM-5000 3.51 Ti-Pure R-706 172.68 15.3% PVC Minex S 30 142.99 19.7% PVC Grind Sub-total 399.15 35.0% PVC LetDown Primal SF-208ER 436.54 Acrysol RM-5000 19.47 Acrysol RM-8W 8.56 Water 136.28 Property Totals 1000.00 Value Total PVC 35.0 Volume Solids 37.3 Weight Solids 52.3 Density 1.323 Dry Density 1.840 Paint characteristics Rheology at equilibrium Stormer viscosity, Krebs unit 125 ICI Cone & plate, Poise 1.6 Brookfield spd4, 6rpm, cps 6000 Brookfield spd4, 60rpm, cps 4730 Gloss 20 /60 /85, % 2.1 / 12 / 18 (100µm wet on glass)
% Abated Formaldehyde Abatement capacity In theory, one kilogram of Primal SF-208 ER (wet binder) can capture 3.35 grams HCHO Satin paint with 40% by weight has the capacity to remove 1,34 mg formaldehyde per gram of paint. Typically 40 m 2 painted wall could abate ~ 7-10 grams formaldehyde depending on spreading rate. Formaldehyde absorption was shown to be irreversible. It is a chemical reaction between the polymer and formaldehyde which does not emit any hazardous component. Control paints abate some formaldehyde, but do not reduce its level to detection limits. Also control paint releases adsorbed formaldehyde when clean air is added to the chamber. 100 80 60 40 20 0 Primal SF-208ER is also effective on other aldehydes Abatement SF-208 Aldehydes control
Formaldehyde reduction determination DOW Head space GC-MS test method Headspace Unit Connected to GC/MSD In vial there is same paint surface area to volume ratio as in a typical room: room: 3m x 4m x 2.5m 47 m 2 (walls + ceiling) 30 m 3 paint surface area to volume ratio= 1.6 m -1 22 ml Headspace vial containing a 0.40 cm 2 paint film on aluminum Vial is spiked with formaldehyde (0.15µg/ml): (note that this concentration is very high: 0.15g/m 3 ) After 48 hrs, data collected vs. time using a GC-MS
Formaldehyde abatement concept proof Comparison of paints based on conventional or reactive binder Headspace Formaldehyde % remaining as a function of time (40 µm dry film thickness) Non reactive (reference) Reactive binder 8h 16h 24h 32h 42h (note that this concentration is very high: 0.15g/m 3 )
HCHO Reacted (mg/m2) 80.00 Amount of Formaldehyde reacted as a function of time (per m 2 of reactive coating) 70.00 After ~20h 60.00 60 mg/m 2 Slope: 0.4 mg/m 2.h 50.00 40.00 Slope: 3.3 mg/m 2.h 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 (40 µm dry film thickness) (note that this concentration is very high: 0.15g/m 3 ) Time (minutes) 8h 16h 24h 32h 42h
Influence of film thickness Dry Film Thickness, µm % HCHO abatement in 24h 15 63 40 86 50 90 90 95 After 24h equilibration at room temperature Paint surface area: 0,25cm 2 HCHO injected : 0,15µg/l in 22ml vial Results indicate that the full thickness of the paint film reacts with formaldehyde
Conclusions Formaldehyde is one of the substances listed by the EU as being of high concern in connection with Indoor Air Quality. DOW Formashield technology offers binders such as Primal SF-208 ER for interior paints capable of abating formaldehyde levels without emitting any hazardous component. Low odour, low VOC paints with good film performance are obtained with Primal SF 208 ER. Primal SF-208 ER is for high quality coatings that purify the air we breathe.
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