SCIENCE 20 UNIT A TEXTBOOK CD (HANDOUTS)

SCIENCE 20 UNIT A TEXTBOOK CD (HANDOUTS)

Ore Compound METAL IONS Chemical Formula Metal Ion aluminium oxide Al 2 O 3 (s) Al 3+ (aq) Number of Electrons Lost by Metal Ion iron(iii) oxide Fe 2 O 3 (s) 3 silver oxide Ag 2 O(s) Ag + (aq) silver sulfide Ag 2 S(s) 1 iron(ii) sulfide FeS(s) Fe 2+ (aq) zinc nitrate Zn(NO 3 ) 2 (s) 2 calcium carbonate CaCO 3 (s) Ca 2+ (aq) potassium phosphate K 3 PO 4 (s) 1 Metal Ions

Atmospheric Distillation Tower petroleum Atmospheric Distillation Tower

Voltaic Cell Diagram Voltaic Cell Diagram

most reactive metal ion most stable metal ion Activity Series for Metals and Metal Ions Reactions Read as Reductions Reduction Half-Reaction Au 3+ (aq) + 3e Au(s) Hg 2+ (aq) + 2e Hg(l) Ag + (aq) + e Ag(s) Cu 2+ (aq) + 2e Cu(s) 2 H + (aq) + 2e H 2 (g) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2e Pb(s) Sn 2+ (aq) + 2e Sn(s) Ni 2+ (aq) + 2e Ni(s) Cd 2+ (aq) + 2e Cd(s) Fe 2+ (aq) + 2e Fe(s) Zn 2+ (aq) + 2e Zn(s) Cr 2+ (aq) + 2e Cr(s) Al 3+ (aq) + 3e Al(s) Mg 2+ (aq) + 2e Mg(s) Na + (aq) + e Na(s) Ca 2+ (aq) + 2e Ca(s) Li + (aq) + e Li(s) most stable metal atom most reactive metal atom Reactions Read as Oxidations Activity Series for Metals and Metal Ions

Periodic Table of Elements 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 H 1 H 2 He 3 hydrogen 1.01 lithium 6.94 H + hydrogen Li 4 beryllium 9.01 Be Note: The legend at the right denotes the physical state of the elements at 101.325 kpa and 298.15 K (25 C). Legend for the elements Solid Liquid Gas Seldom forms ions 5 boron 10.81 B 6 carbon 12.01 C 7 nitrogen 14.01 N 8 oxygen 16.00 O 9 hydrogen 1.01 fluorine 19.00 H hydride F helium 4.00 10 neon 20.18 He helium Ne 11 sodium 22.99 Li + lithium Na 12 Be 2+ beryllium magnesium 24.31 Mg Polyatomic ions Table of Polyatomic Ions and Elements acetate CH 3 COO + ammonium NH 4 benzoate C 6 H 5 COO hydrogen carbonate HCO 3 chlorate CIO 3 hypochlorite CIO cyanide CN hydroxide OH nitrate NO 3 3 phosphate PO 4 2 hydrogen phosphate HPO 4 dihydrogen phosphate H 2 PO 4 2 sulfite SO 3 hydrogen sulfide HS hydrogen sulfate HSO 4 Elements astatine At 2 bromine Br 2 chlorine Cl 2 iodine I 2 nitrogen N 2 oxygen O 2 13 B boron aluminium 26.98 Al 14 silicon 28.09 C carbon Si 15 N 3 nitride phosphorus 30.97 P 16 sulfur 32.07 O 2 oxide S 17 chlorine 35.45 F fluorine Cl 18 argon 39.95 Ne neon Ar 19 Na + sodium potassium 39.10 37 K + potassium K Rb 20 Mg 2+ magnesium calcium 40.08 38 Ca 2+ calcium Ca Sr 3 borate BO 3 2 carbonate CO 3 21 scandium 44.96 39 Sc 3+ scandium Sc Y 22 Ti titanium 47.87 Ti 4+ titanium(iv) 40 2 chromate CrO 4 2 dichromate Cr 2O7 Ti 3+ titanium(iii) Zr 23 V vanadium 50.94 V 5+ vanadium(v) 41 V vanadium(iv) Nb nitrite NO 2 permanganate MnO 4 24 chromium 52.00 42 Cr Cr3+ chromium(iii) 4+ chromium(ii) Cr2+ Mo 2 silicate SiO 3 2 sulfate SO 4 25 Mn manganese 54.94 Mn 2+ manganese(ii) 43 Mn manganese(iv) Tc 26 iron 55.85 44 Fe Fe3+ iron(iii) 4+ hydrogen sulfite HSO 3 iron(ii) Fe2+ Ru 27 Co cobalt 58.93 Co 2+ cobalt(ii) Co cobalt(iii) 45 Rh fluorine F 2 hydrogen H 2 28 nickel 58.69 46 Ni Ni2+ nickel(ii) 3+ nickel(iii) Ni3+ Pd 29 Cu copper 63.55 Cu 2+ copper(ii) copper(i) Cu+ 47 phosphorus P 4 sulfur S 8 Ag 30 zinc 65.41 48 Zn 2+ zinc Zn Cd 31 gallium 69.72 49 Al 3+ aluminium Ga 3+ gallium Ga In 32 Si silicon germanium 72.64 50 Ge 4+ germanium Ge Sn 33 P 3 phosphide arsenic 74.92 51 As 3 arsenide As Sb 34 selenium 78.96 52 S 2 sulfide Se 2 selenide Se Te 35 bromine 79.90 53 Cl chloride Br bromide Br 36 krypton 83.80 54 Ar argon Kr krypton Kr Xe rubidium 85.47 55 cesium 132.91 87 Rb + rubidium francium (223) Cs + cesium Cs Fr strontium 87.62 56 Sr 2+ strontium barium 137.33 88 radium (226) Ba 2+ barium Ba Ra yttrium 88.91 Y 3+ yttrium 57-71 89-103 zirconium 91.22 72 Zr 4+ zirconium hafnium 178.49 104 Hf 4+ hafnium rutherfordium (266) Hf Rf niobium 92.91 73 tantalum 180.95 105 Ta 5+ tantalum dubnium (262) Ta Db molybdenum 95.94 74 tungsten 183.84 106 W 6+ tungsten seaborgium (266) W Sg technetium (98) 75 rhenium 186.21 107 Re 7+ rhenium bohrium (264) Re Bh ruthenium 101.07 Nb 5+ Ru3+ niobium(v) Nb 3+ Mo 6+ Tc 7+ ruthenium(iii) Ru 4+ niobium(iii) molybdenum technetium ruthenium(iv) 76 osmium 190.23 108 Os 4+ osmium hassium (277) Os Hs rhodium 102.91 77 iridium 192.22 109 Rh 3+ rhodium iridium meitnerium (268) Mt palladium 106.42 Pd 2+ palladium(ii) Pd 3+ palladium(iv) 78 Pt platinum 195.08 Pt 4+ platinum(iv) Pt 2+ platinum(ii) 110 Ds darmstadtium (271) silver 107.87 79 Ag + silver Au gold 196.97 Au 3+ gold(iii) Au + gold(i) 111 roentgenium (272) Rg cadmium 112.41 80 Cd 2+ cadmium Hg mercury 200.59 Hg 2+ mercury(ii) mercury(i) Hg+ 112 ununbium (285) Uub indium 114.82 81 In 3+ indium Tl thallium 204.38 Tl + thallium(i) thallium(iii) Tl3+ tin 118.71 tin(iv) tin(ii) 82 lead 207.2* 114 Sn 4+ Sn 2+ Pb Pb 2+ lead(ii) lead(iv) Pb4+ Uuq ununquadium (289) antimony 121.76 Sb 3+ antimony(iii) Sb 5+ antimony(v) 83 Bi bismuth 208.98 Bi 3+ bismuth(iii) bismuth(v) Bi5+ tellurium 127.60 84 Te 2 telluride Po polonium (209) Po 2+ polonium(ii) Po 4+ polonium(iv) 116 ununhexium (289) Uuh iodine 126.90 85 astatine (210) iodide At astatide At xenon 131.30 86 radon (222) Xe xenon Rn radon Rn Fr + francium Ra 2+ radium * The isotopic mix of naturally occuring lead is more variable than other elements, preventing precision to greater than tenths of a gram per mole. Atomic number Name of the element Atomic mass 91 Key Pa protactinium (231.04) Pa 5+ protactinium(v) Pa 4+ protactinium(iv) Symbol of the element Ion charge Stock name (IUPAC) Symbol of ion 12 Based on C Most stable or common ion is listed above the dotted line ( ) indicates mass of the most stable isotope 57 lanthanum 138.91 89 La 3+ lanthanum actinium (277) Ac 3+ actinium La Ac 58 cerium 140.12 90 thorium 232.04 Ce 3+ cerium Th 4+ thorium Ce Th 59 praseodymium 140.91 Pr 3+ praseodymium 91 Pr Pa protactinium 231.04 Pa 5+ protactinium(v) Pa 4+ protactinium(iv) 60 neodymium 144.24 92 Nd 3+ neodymium uranium 283.03 uranium(vi) uranium(iv) Nd U U 6+ U 4+ 61 promethium (145) 93 Pm 3+ promethium neptunium (237) Np 5+ neptunium Pm Np 62 samarium 150.36 94 plutonium (244) Sm Sm 3+ samarium(iii) Sm 2+ samarium(ii) Pu Pu 4+ plutonium(iv) Pu 6+ plutonium(vi) 63 Eu europium 151.96 Eu 3+ europium(iii) Eu 2+ europium(ii) 95 americium (243) Am Am 3+ americium(iii) Am 4+ americium(iv) 64 gadolinium 157.25 96 Gd 3+ gadolinium curium (247) Cm 3+ curium Gd Cm 65 terbium 158.93 97 Tb 3+ terbium Tb Bk berkelium (247) Bk 3+ berkelium(iii) Bk berkelium(iv) 66 dysprosium 162.50 98 Dy 3+ dysprosium californium (251) Cf 3+ californium Dy Cf 67 holmium 164.93 99 Ho 3+ holmium einsteinium (252) Es 3+ einsteinium Ho Es 68 erbium 167.26 100 fermium (257) Er 3+ erbium Fm 3+ fermium Er Fm 69 thulium 168.93 101 Tm 3+ thulium Tm Md mendelevium (258) Md2+ mendelevium(ii) 4+ Md mendelevium(iii) 70 ytterbium 173.04 102 nobelium (259) Yb Yb 3+ ytterbium(iii) Yb 2+ ytterbium(ii) No No2+ nobelium(ii) 3+ No 3+ nobelium(iii) 71 lutetium 174.97 103 Lu 3+ lutetium lawrencium (262) Lr 3+ lawrencium Lu Lr References: Lide, D.R. 2005. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 86th Edition: 20052006, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements. 2005. http://www.iupac.org/reports/periodic_table/index.html 6 Periodic Table of Elements