ENERGY STAR Multifamily High-Rise (MFHR)

ENERGY STAR Multifamily High-Rise (MFHR)

Why Green

Why do MF Builders need to Differentiate their Properties 3

What Renters Want? Source: Apartments.com 4

Green Premium A survey of 1,000 apartment seekers by Rent.com finds that 86 percent of the U.S. rental pool would prefer to live in a green apartment, and a full 42 percent would pay a $100 rent premium to do so. Source: MultifamilyExecutive.com, June 2010 5

The Market

Multifamily Market 80% 70% 60% 72% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 17% 5% Single-Family MF Low-Rise MF High-Rise Source: DOE Buildings Data Book 2009

Multifamily Market Demand for higher-density homes is expected to hit new highs by 2015 due to an influx of: 78 million downsizing baby boomers 78 million college graduates 9 million immigrants Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Multifamily Consumption EUI is 27% higher for MF housing Multi-Family Single-Family

Why Multifamily Consumption is Disturbing Single-Family: All surfaces exposed to unconditioned spaces Multi-Family: One or few surfaces exposed to unconditioned spaces 10

The Value Proposition

EPA Objectives for ENERGY STAR MFHR Program Cost effective Represent real reductions in energy consumption Provide value to MFHR stakeholders Offer a process that consistent, replicable, and addresses the barriers to energy efficiency in this building sector 12

MultiFamily High-Rise vs. Other Residential Buildings MFHR Development time (2-5 years) ENERGY STAR products not always available Multiple HVAC configurations (central and in-unit) Currently no national 3 rd party verification organization Multiple verification visits needed Modeling is technical and requires special expertise Building science is well understood but implementation challenges remain MFLR and Single Family Development time (3-12 Months) ENERGY STAR products for residential applications Basic system with ENERGY STAR HVAC available RESNET provided national oversight for verification Typically two verification visits Modeling easily learned and cost effective Building science well understood and easily implemented 13

Value Propositions Occupants Building Owner Builder Environment Improved indoor air quality Improved comfort Lower Utility Bills (if not included in rent or not owned) Attract more tenants more quickly (association with national brand, lower utility bills) First step to achieving green building certifications Less defects results in less risk. Reduced call-back service costs Better quality control of subcontractors Using less fossil fuels Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Water savings High ROI where owner pays utility bills 14

Building Eligibility

Building Eligibility New construction or substantially rehabilitated multifamily buildings 4 or more stories AND not eligible for ENERGY STAR New Homes Program Residential space must comprise over 50% of the conditioned square footage. Residential space must be separately metered from commercial space. 16

Participant Roles and Expectations

Role and Expectations of Developer Role Work with Energy Consultant(s) Sign off on Program documentation (Architect/Engineer Rep.) Benchmark building in Portfolio Manager Expectations Provide access to EPA for QA inspections Costs of implementing the program requirements Energy modeling Energy conservation measures General contractor and design team time Subcontractor training Testing and Verification 18

Role of Energy Consultant(s) Work with project design team Model Baseline and Proposed building OR follow Prescriptive Path requirements Conduct plan review to ensure final design meets reqts. and necessary details are included in bid specifications Perform on-site inspections during construction to ensure measures are installed as specified Perform final inspection performance testing Submit required documentation to Program Administrator/EPA 19

Earning the ENERGY STAR

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 and Appendix G ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of high-rise multifamily buildings Appendix G Protocols for generating an energy performance rating for buildings that exceed the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Program Standard LEED Mid-Rise Enterprise Green Communities 21

Status of Commercial Energy Codes

Two Paths to ENERGY STAR Performance Path Meet Prerequisites Conduct Energy Modeling [>15% ASHRAE 90.1, Appendix G] Build according to Design 3 rd Party Testing and Verification Prescriptive Path Meet Prerequisites Build according to Prescriptive Requirements 3 rd Party Testing and Verification

Meeting the Prerequisites ENERGY STAR qualified products, where applicable ENERGY STAR qualified lighting in 80% of light fixtures Occupancy sensors for lighting in most common spaces Right-sized heating and cooling equipment Double-pane, low-e windows Low-flow faucets & showerheads (<2.0gpm) and toilets (<1.3gpf) Total duct leakage for in-unit systems 6 CFM25 per 100ft 2 of conditioned floor area ( 8 CFM25 per 100ft 2 for units <1200ft 2 ) Continuous air barrier between conditioned/unconditioned spaces Air-sealing to achieve infiltration <0.30 CFM50/ft 2 of enclosure Ventilation per ASHRAE 62-2007 (apts. and common areas) *Not all Prerequisites have been listed here; see website for full list 24

Prescriptive vs. Performance MEASURE PRESCRIPTIVE PERFORMANCE (Baseline ASHRAE 90.1-2007) Appliances ENERGY STAR Qualified ENERGY STAR Qualified Heating CZ 1-3: 80% AFUE CZ 4-5: ENERGY STAR CZ 6-8: 93% AFUE CZ 1-3: 80 %AFUE CZ 4-8: ENERGY STAR Cooling CZ 1-2: SEER 16 CZ 3-5: ENERGY STAR CZ 6-8: SEER 13 CZ 1-3: ENERGY STAR CZ 4-8: SEER 13 Heating and Cooling Distribution Total duct leakage <6 CFM25/100 ft 2 Total duct leakage <6 CFM25/100 ft 2 Envelope Ventilation and Infiltration Climate Specific Requirements that meet or Exceed AHSRAE 189.1-2009 Maximum Allowable Glazing Area: 30% Window to Wall Ratio Compartmentalized units with ASHRAE 62-2007 ventilation (can t exceed ASHRAE by more than 50%) Local code for insulation Double-pane, low-e windows Compartmentalized units with ASHRAE 62-2007 ventilation Domestic Hot Water High Efficiency (Same as ENERGY STAR Homes ) Lower Flow Faucets and Showerheads No DHW efficiency requirements Low Flow Fixtures and Toilets Lighting ENERGY STAR qualified lighting in 80% of fixtures and Occupancy Sensors in Halls and Stairs Maximum lighting power allowance ENERGY STAR qualified lighting in 80% of fixtures 25

Testing and Verification Protocols Mandatory requirements for the inspection, testing and verification of components related to the building s energy performance. The intent of the protocols is to verify that the construction documents & final building include all Prerequisites. measures used to achieve the Performance levels predicted by the model have been installed and perform as modeled. all measures specified by the Prescriptive Path have been installed. 26

Verification: Energy Consultant Interim Solution: State Licensed Engineer or Architect required Documentation must be submitted to developer Final Solution: National oversight organization (e.g., COMNET) Certified Multi-Family High-Rise Raters 27

Highly Recommended: Benchmarking Identify billing errors Assess effectiveness of current operations, policies, and practices Assist in the planning process: set goals, targets, timelines, prioritize capital improvements Contribute to more responsible management Be more responsive to building occupants 28

The Pilot

Program Pilot (2005 2010) City Row Projected 11/2010 1212 MLK 20% Casey Building - 44% (1) Parker Hall - 21% Newark Genesis - 28% Intervale Green 33% (1) (2) (9) Myrtle Avenue 21% Projects Under Development (3) The Cedars 30% (2) (1) Atlantic Ave. Apts. 20% Atlantic Ave. Residences 1 22% Trinity Bluff - 34% Las Colinas- 25% Atlantic Ave. Residences 2 & 3 26% Brookhaven - 25% The Eltona 32%

Pilot Analysis ENERGY STAR MRHR Pilot Metrics Total # Units 753 (12) Incremental Cost Per Unit $4,600 Total Square Footage 884,460 Average % of Development Cost 1.8 Total Estimated Energy Saved (MMBtu/yr) 21,100 Annual Estimated Savings Per Unit (MMBtu/unit) 28 Total Estimated Electricity Saved (kwh/yr) 1,333,500 Annual Estimated Savings Per Unit ($/unit) $500 Total Estimated Natural Gas (Therms) 136,650 Energy Use Intensity (kbtu/sf) 38 Total Estimated GHG Avoided (MTCE) 415 GHG Avoided per Unit 0.55 20% Performance Target = $3.10 Incremental Cost per ft 2 20% Performance Target = 1.7% of Development Cost 20% Performance Target = $4000 Incremental Cost per Unit 31

Future Issue

Real Wall R-Values Should continuous insulation be a requirement for both prescriptive and performance paths?

Thermal Bridging at Slab Edges Uninsulated slab edges Photo taken on a 45 F day with cloudy skies and no precipitation

From Real R-Value of Exterior Insulated Wall Assemblies Mark Lawton, P.Eng., Patrick Roppel, P.Eng., David Fookes, P.Eng., Anik Teasdale St Hilaire, PhD., and Daniel Schoonhoven. Journal of Building Enclosure Design. Summer/Fall 2008.

R-16.3 Real R-value of nominal R- 16.3 wall with uninsulated slabs = R-7.8 Mark Lawton, P.Eng., Patrick Roppel, P.Eng., David Fookes, P.Eng., Anik Teasdale St Hilaire, PhD., and Daniel Schoonhoven. Real R-Value of Exterior Insulated Wall Assemblies. Journal of Building Enclosure Design. Summer/Fall 2008.

Continuous Insulation Rigid insulation Highly conductive steel

Thermal Bridging at Shelf Angles Left photos taken on a 35 F day with clear skies and no precipitation. Right photos taken on a 45 F day with cloudy skies and light rain.

Thermal Bridging at Slab Edges Mark Lawton, P.Eng., Patrick Roppel, P.Eng., David Fookes, P.Eng., Anik Teasdale St Hilaire, PhD., and Daniel Schoonhoven. Real R-Value of Exterior Insulated Wall Assemblies. Journal of Building Enclosure Design. Summer/Fall 2008.

R-16.3 Real R-value of nominal R- 16.3 wall with insulation over shelf angles = R-8.7 Mark Lawton, P.Eng., Patrick Roppel, P.Eng., David Fookes, P.Eng., Anik Teasdale St Hilaire, PhD., and Daniel Schoonhoven. Real R-Value of Exterior Insulated Wall Assemblies. Journal of Building Enclosure Design. Summer/Fall 2008.

Going from R-0 at slab region to R-15 continuous with shelf angles nets a whole-wall R- value improvement from R- 7.8 to R-8.7

Structural Considerations Loose lintels limited to 4 ft too small for most multifamily windows Non-bearing walls must have shelf angles Expansion gaps must be properly accounted for if shelf angles are not used

Thermal Bridging Solutions Courtesy of John Straube 43

More Information The ENERGY STAR MFHR documents will be available at www.energystar.gov in late February 44

Questions? New Construction Ted Leopkey Program Manager ENERGY STAR MFHR Pilot Leopkey.ted@epa.gov Existing Buildings Alyssa Quarforth Program Manager ENERGY STAR Commercial Properties Quarforth.alyssa@epa.gov 45