The Great Yellow River Integrated River Basin Management for International Conference on Transboundary River Basin Management Sun Feng Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC), Ministry of Water Resources People s Republic of China Tailand, 2012 May.
Presentation Outline Introduction Water and Environment Challenges Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River Achievements
Length: 5,464 km Catchment area: 790,000 km² Runoff 58 billion m3 Inhabitants in ca.: ca. 115 Mio. Political structure: 9 provinces The Yellow River Basin sediment load: average 1.6 billions tons/yr very high sediment accretion; 35 900 g /L SS river is used for hydropower cooling water drinking water irrigation waste water discharge
River Length (km) 1. Nile 6670 2. Amazon 6436 3. Yangtze 6300 4. Mississippi 6021 5. Yellow River 5464 6. Mekong 4880 Sediment Transportation (million ton/year) 1 Yellow River 1600 2 Indo-Ganges 1500 3 Amazon 1160 4 Yangtze 550 5 Brahmaputra 540 6 Mississippi 400
1.6 billion ton/year 27 times equator
Presentation Outline Introduction Water and Environment Challenges Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River Achievements
Challenges-- --Water scarcity M&I Water in YR YR Water use in China
Water Scarcity Climate Change Economic development Population growth Urbanization River Runs Dry since 1980s 704km
Challenges --Soil Erosion & High Sediment Load
Challenges --Flood Threat History-China s Sorrow Tianjin Jinan 250thousand km2 Zhengzhou Nanjing Suspended River Yellow River Embankments
Challenges --Water Pollution 1980s 1990s 1980s 1990s Waste Inflow (0.1 billion ton) Poor Water quality
Presentation Outline Introduction Water and Environment Challenges Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River Achievements
Adaptive Measures-- 1493 Scheme
Adopting a Holistic Approach consisting of institutional, legal, collaborative arrangement, investments in infrastructure and engineering, supporting and scientific technologies, and economic interventions.
Flood Management 1400 km Embankments Multi-purpose projects/ detention basin non-structural measures(numerical Modeling) Qikou Guxian Guxian Sanmenxia Sanmenxia Guxian Guxian Xiaolangdi Xiaolangdi Luhun Detention Basin Huayuankou Detention basin 22000m 3 /s
Soil Erosion Control & Ecosystem Restoration Project area 180,000 km2 Key dams 1370 Forestation, Agro-measures Erosion Monitoring Wuqi County
Sediment Management Artificial flood since 2002 Flushing River Sediments Reservoirs Maintenance/protection from Siltation Flood Plain and Wetlands Restoration Improve River Morphology and Reduce Flood Risk Density flow
Integrated Water Allocation & Environmental Flow in Basin Scale 10 years for: River flow Ecological restoration Sediments transportation Water quality Equality of water use Sanshenggong Wanjiazhai Daliushu Qingtongxia Longyangxia Liujiaxia Guxian Xiaolangdi Sanmenxia
Integrated Water Allocation & Environmental Flow Legal Measures Yellow River Water Allocation Regulation Yellow River Water Allocation Management Rules Regulation of Yellow River Water Allocation Yellow River Basin Drought Alleviation Scheme Public Consultation & Stakeholder Involvement Technical Measures Water Allocation Scheme Remote Control and Real Time Control Monitoring & Warning Modeling systems for prediction Economic Measures Water Pricing & Water Market Water Right Transfer
Water Resources Protection Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution issued and enforced Remotely monitoring effluent outlets Monitoring sites for provincial-boundary water quality Mobile Labs
Presentation Outline Introduction Water and Environment Challenges Adaptive measures for the Yellow River Achievements
Achievements Flood Security Improve River Morphology and Reduce Flood Risk Secure the people living in the floodplain along the banks Secure safety from floods
Achievements Ecosystem protection in the headstream
Achievements (Con.) 300 million tons sediment reduced by watershed rehabilitation in the middle Loess Plateau Loess PLateau
Biodiversity increased Yellow River Delta Rare fishes reappeared, saury, bronze grudge etc. New habitats for birds from 187 species in1992 to 300 species in 2010 More Rare wild animals, 459 kinds found in the reserve, nearly doubled Wetlands vegetation increased kingfisher Gull Eastern Egret
Migration routes in Yellow River Delta Eurasia
Achievements (Con.) Social-Economic Sustainability Equality of water use Water saving Water use efficiency In 1997, water used was 560 m3 for 10thousand RMB GDP, in 2003, 309 m3, up 45% Water used fall down Inner Mongolia, 6.491billion m3, down to 5.952 billion m3 Shan Dong, 8.745 billion m3, down to 6.625 billion m3 Economic boost Basin GDP Increase average 30.9 billion RMB/year
Acknowledged by the International Community YRCC Won 2010 Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize UNESCO Yellow River Case published in WWDR3&4 Asian-Pacific Knowledge Hub Center of Hydroinformatics for Integrated River Basin Management (CHIRB)
www.riverforum.cn
Zhengzhou Convention Center
Thanks for Attention Keeping Healthy Life of the Rivers