WATER MANAGEMENT IN ROMANIA River Management at the lowest Appropriate Level When and Why does it (NOT) Work in Practice Poland, 22 25.05.2005
REFERENCE POINTS OF ACTIVITY 1924 - The first Water Law which contains provisions referring to measure, register and water management; 1956 - Water State river basins units for water management; 1956-2005 River Management Principle was conserved; 1956-2005 Level of organization : Ministry (Water State ; National Water Council) 30 years; Water Department in the structure of other Ministry 19 years 2002 National Administration Apele Romane Executive agency for the implementation of the water management strategy in Romania
THE EVOLUTION OF ROMANIAN WATER MANAGEMENT CONCEPT I-st Phase : till 1974 - Quantitative water management quantitative control for water Water Law - 1924 II-nd Phase: 1974-2000 - Quantitative and qualitative water management - quantitative and qualitative control for water Water Law nr. 8/1974; Law nr. 5/1989; Government Decision nr. 1001/1990; Water Law 107/1996; III-rd : 2000 - Sustainable water management - quantitative and qualitative control for water and healthy ecosystems Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC - steps for sustainable water management ; Water Law 310/2004.
OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES Sustainable development of water resources; Achievement of good status of all waters; Obtaining knowledge, preservation and protection of water resources; Protection against floods; Exploitation and maintenance of water management works; Warning the water users and local administration authorities about the water accidental pollution; Ensuring the unitary development of infrastructure in water management field through the building of some objectives of national public interest consisting in new water sources and flood protection works; Providing water management services according demands; Public information, consultation and active participation on water management field. Management policy: : obtaining knowledge and using the water management services; Rehabilitation and development of the National System of Water Management infrastructure; Financial policy: applying the economical mechanism; EU accession policy: implementation of the European Union Directives in the water field; Participatory policy: River s and public participation; Human resources policy: staff training and specialization; Local policy Local policy: decentralization of the competences.
MINISTERY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT WATER DEPARTMENT INTEGRATION DEPARTMENT NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION APELE ROMANE ROMANIAN INSTITUTE FOR MARINE RESEARCH NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH DANUBE DELTA
NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION APELE ROMANE ACTIVITIES: Water resources management Integrated water monitoring system Administration of hydraulic structures Water protection against pollution and over use Flood control management Coordination of national investments in water resources field There are 11 river basins managed by the National Administration Romanian Waters through its units Water Directorates Implementation of the EU Directives related to the water Application of international water agreements
European Commission Ministry of Environment and Water Management The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River Making concordance of plans with neighbouring countries Water Directors of the European Union MAFRD, MEC, MAI, MH Interministerial Council of Waters Secretariat National Administration Apele Romane RBM Plan Division Expert Group on Water Management Specialized institutions : ICIM,Aquaproiect,INCDDD,ICPA, ISPB, ICBBIOL,etc Somes-Tisa Crisuri Mures Banat Jiu Olt Arges- Vedea Buzau- - Ialomi ta Siret Prut.Dobro - gea Litoral Somes -Tisa Crisuri Mures Banat Jiu Olt Arges-Vedea Buzau-- Ialomita Siret Prut Dobrogea Litoral Organizational structure for the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in Romania
RIVER BASIN COMMITTEE RIVER BASIN COMMITTEE River is made up of the main actors from the water management field : state, local communities, water management units, representatives of industry and agriculture, NGO`s. PRESIDENT 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 3 1 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR SECRETARIAT Ministry of Environment and Water Management Health Ministry A prefect from the river basin 2 City Mayors 1 Town Mayor President of the County Council Office for the Protection of the Consumer Natinal Administration Apele Romane Water users N.G.O. BASIN COMMITTEE REPRESENTS THE INTERESTES OF ALL THE PEOPLE
RIVER BASIN COMMITTEES TASKS Collaborate with Water Directorates in the implementation of national water management policies and strategies; Agree on plans and schemes related to water management works; Approve the river basin management plan; Approve the list of protected areas and establish measures for ecological reconstruction; Recommend priorities for the financing of sustainable development programs; Propose the revision of the water management norms and standards and, if it is necessary, develop quality norms for effluent waters, specific for river basin; Inform the public about the organized actions; Ensure public debates on all the issues concerning water management; ment; Public access to documents and to official meetings.
WATER RESOURCES Water resources of Romania: Resource category resources Theoretical billion m 3 Inland Rivers 42 25 The Danube River 87 30 Groundwater 11 6 TOTAL 140 61 Technically used billion m 3 Romania is relatively poor in water resources - 1870 m 3 of water per inhabitant/year
MAIN WATER PROBLEMS IN ROMANIA The features of hydrological regime of water resources: Very high variability in space: A big weight of mountains area at runoff forming; Specific average discharge (1-40 40 l/s*skm skm); Very high variability in time: Important floods during spring, followed by prolonged drought periods; riods; Torrential pronounced regime; Water quality: during 1960-1989, 1989, the water quality of inland rivers and Danube river has significantly worsened, but since 1989, the water quality has been improved; Eutrophication of lakes, reservoirs and of the Danube Delta and the Black Sea; Reduction of the flora and fauna biodiversity; Coastal erosion - affects about 127 km (57%) out of the length of the Romanian sea-shore. shore.
EVOLUTION OF THE WATER DEMAND IN ROMANIA 25 18.8 20.5 20.41 19.94 20 14.4 16 12.46 12.76 12.65 11.67 Volume mld mc 15 10 5 3.4 9.59 6.65 4.72 6.79 5.75 9.81 9.34 9.06 8.74 8.49 9.1 8.95 5.98 8.02 7.43 7.35 7.18 2.98 3.33 3.36 3.02 9.78 9.78 9.19 8.02 6.63 6.04 6.17 5.64 4.57 1.74 1.75 1.86 1.99 0 1.47 2 2.2 2.67 2.25 2.25 2 2.05 2.08 2.11 2.02 2 1.86 1.69 1.46 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1993 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Population Agriculture Industry TOTAL
THE EVOLUTION OF RIVER WATER QUALITY IN 1989-2003 PERIOD 70 60 % of rivers leng ht 50 40 30 20 10 0 68 65 66 61 61 57 58 54 53 48 51 51 41 42 35 30 30 25 28 27 24 25 28 27 25 20 25 18 19 21 22 22 21 22 10 12 18 9 15 11 8 8 6 6 6 5 6 6 7 6 11 14 11 9 9 9 8 7 7 6 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 poor moderate good very good
CHARACTERISATION OF GROUNDWATER BODIES
ECONOMICAL MECHANISM IN THE WATER FIELD Established according to the Water Framework Directive and based on: Water is not a commercial product like any other but, rather, a heritage which must be protected, defended and treated as such; Equal access rights to water resources for all users; User pays for water services; Polluter pays; Bonuses to water users which constantly prove a special care for water rational use and quality protection of water; Providing the specific services of water management, considering the double quality of water as natural resource essential for life and a as resource producing economical values. Contributions: water resources use; receiving waste water in water resources; hydropower capacity from ANAR dams reservoirs; gravel extraction from beds and river banks; Penalties - according to the pollutants toxicity; Bonuses: 10% from the contributions annual amount.
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