Waste Fired Power Plant WFPP

Waste Fired Power Plant WFPP Combating Climate Change Products from MSW Hendrikus A A M de Waart 18 June, City of Amsterdam 1

Our plant in Amsterdam 2

Major Features Emissions Air < 20% EU maximum limits Soil < 1% landfill, potentially zero Water Zero Odor None, facility under negative pressure Noise < 40dBa @ fence. High public acceptance No protest against expansion MSW transportation includes rail and water Attractive architecture Efficiency Electricity > 30% net efficiency. District Heating 3-5%, potentially 30%. Material recycling > 99%, metals, building products, gypsum, salt. 3

Major Features (cont d) Availability 94% Capacity 1.5 million tons, world s largest single facility Best Available Technologies applications avoid environmental obsolescence, extends economic plant life Tipping fees of 60 are the lowest in The Netherlands, because of optimum CAPEX-OPEX balance, availability, capacity and BAT. Robust design permits debottlenecking option 10 to 20% Integration with Municipal Waste Water Facility maximizes economics and creates zero waste MWWF operation. AEB Experience covers 85 years in planning, design, building & operation, resulting in many innovations and patents. 4

Our Society Air Exhaust gas Society Water Waste Water Raw materials Energy Solid Waste 5

1 st Generation WtE 1919-1969 1 st Incineration 1919-1969 6

2 nd Generation WtE 1969-1993 7

3 rd Generation WtE 1993 8

City of Amsterdam 4th Generation WFPP 9

Debottlenecking, robust design From 1916 till now 4e 3e 2e 1e 10

Recovery is the new goal! The logical next step in Waste-to-Energy Generations: 0 <1900 Open air incineration 1 st 1919 Hygienic disposal MSW 2 nd 1969 Dust removal from flue gas 3 rd 1985 Removal toxicants from flue gas 4 th Maximum recovery of materials 11

AEB Performance Financial performance: Turnover Profit Lowest cost price & tariffs in NL Operational performance: Waste processed (incl. sludge 0,1M) Energy supplied MWh (+250 GJ) Metals recovered > 170 million > 25 million < 60/ton > 1,5 million ton > 1,0 million > 22.000 ton 12

Recovery is the new game! Systematic approach to optimize recovery Waste Fired Power Plant Investment 400 million Design capacity 530.000 ton Clean technologies based on company-owned patents Further reading: Thomas McCarthy, Waste incineration and the community,, Waste Management World, September-October 2004 13

of Amsterdam and Energy Company Waste Fired Power Plant Schematic overview Outline steam reheating 14

Waste Fired Power Plant WFPP in a nutshell Clean emissions Waste Waste Fired Power Plant Energy = Electricity & Heat >30% net electrical efficiency 100% renewable energy 50% sustainable (CO2-free) energy (endless stream; 50% biomass) Valuable Materials Sand & granulate for construction (Non)-ferrous metals Industrial salt, gypsum. Residues (<0.5%) 15

Emission levels Emissions WFPP vs Dutch limits 100% 80% 60% 40% WFPP as % Legal limit Dutch limit 20% 0% NOx NH3 C tot.org. HCl HF SOx CO PM Hg Cd, Th HM PCDD/F 16

Energy from WFPP Electrical Efficiency of Power Plants Depends on fuel quality: Natural Gas 55 % Oil 50 % Coal 45 % Lignite 40 % Biomass 35 % Waste 30% 15% 22% Current: New: Waste Average state-of-the-art Fired Power Plant Energy with net avoidance of CO2!! 17

From Residues to Products How to capture the value? Bottom-ash: mining technologies Joint R&D with TU Delft Wet separation process (patented) Economically profitable (metal recovery) Avoiding large volume of CO2 18

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From Residues to Products Residue: bottom-ash 23% by weight 4% by volume Metal fraction 12,5% Sand fraction (clean) 35% Granulate fraction (clean) 45% Non-ferrous metals Limestone bricks Concrete Cooperation with Technical University Delft; three international granted patents 20

From Residue to Products Environmental aspects Products WFPP vs. Mining/Winning (kg/ton residue) (Eq. kg/ton minerals) Clean sand & granulate > 800 Ferro metals 100 Aluminium 14 Copper 10 Precious metals 0,007 800-1000 extracted from rivers, mountains 300-400 iron oxides (hematite); melting/cokes 120-150 bauxite; electrolysis (14,000 kwh/ton) 1000-2000 mainly Chile as copper sulphides 500-1000 less than ½ troy ounce per ton CO2 production < 10 > 300 recovery >97% reduction in CO2 21

Implemented Synergies (1) Integration with Waste Water Treatment Plant Waste water Waste Water Treatment Plant Water Sewage sludge 100 kton/yr Biogas 25,000 m3/day Electricity 3 MW Heat 50,000 GJ/yr Solid Waste Waste Fired Power Plant Recovery 22

Implemented Synergies (2) District Heating in Amsterdam Already > 25.000 houses connected (35 kton CO2 reduction) 650 MWh available for approx. 400,000 houses. Potential reduction of >300 kton CO2 23

Implemented Synergies (3) Electricity supply to City of Amsterdam Unique and independent supply position for City of Amsterdam. All municipal organizations (trams, public lighting, opera house ) 100% green (CO2-free) electricity 24

Landfill site Greenhouse Effect kton CO2/year kton CO2/year Avoided CO2 Direct CO2 Emission 1600 1200 800 400 0-400 -800 1294 194 CO2 emission 456 Methane emission in CO2 eq. Short-cyclic CO2 consumption Avoided CO2 Direct CO2 Emission 1600 1200 800 400 0-400 -800 Landfill 1036 Overall Greenhouse Effect (input 1 million ton waste) -1200-1200 -1600-1600 25

Greenhouse Effect Landfill site with biogas engines kton CO2/year kton CO2/year Avoided CO2 Direct CO2 Emission 1600 1200 800 400 0-400 -800 718 152 CO2 emission 456 20 Methane emission in CO2 eq. Short-cyclic CO2 consumption Avoided CO2 Electricity production Avoided CO2 Direct CO2 Emission 1600 1200 800 400 0-400 -800 Landfill 1036 Overall Greenhouse Effect (input 1 million ton waste) Landfill & Biogas 404-1200 -1200-1600 -1600 26

Greenhouse Effect Conventional W-t-E Plant (18%) kton CO2/year kton CO2/year Avoided CO2 Direct CO2 Emission 1600 1200 800 400 0-400 -800-1200 902 CO2 emission (fossil) 456 314 54 Short-cyclic CO2 consumption Avoided CO2 Electricity production Avoided CO2 Metal recovery Avoided CO2 Direct CO2 Emission 1600 1200 800 400 0-400 -800-1200 Landfill 1036 Overall Greenhouse Effect (input 1 million ton waste) Landfill & Biogas 404 W-t-E conventional 80-1600 -1600 27

WFPP Power Only Greenhouse Effect kton CO2/year kton CO2/year Avoided CO2 Direct CO2 Emission 1600 1200 800 400 0-400 -800-1200 902 CO2 emission (fossil) 456 524 82 Short-cyclic CO2 consumption Avoided CO2 Electricity production Avoided CO2 Metal recovery Avoided CO2 Direct CO2 Emission 1600 1200 800 400 0-400 -800-1200 Landfill 1036 Overall Greenhouse Effect (input 1 million ton waste) Landfill & Biogas 404 W-t-E conventional 80 156 WFPP Power -1600-1600 28

WFPP Power & Heat Greenhouse Effect kton CO2/year kton CO2/year Avoided CO2 Direct CO2 Emission 1600 1200 800 400 0-400 -800-1200 -1600 902 CO2 emission (fossil) 456 384 82 414 Short-cyclic CO2 consumption Avoided CO2 Electricity production Avoided CO2 Metal recovery Avoided CO2 Heat delivery Avoided CO2 Direct CO2 Emission 1600 1200 800 400 0-400 -800-1200 -1600 Landfill 1036 Overall Greenhouse Effect (input 1 million ton waste) Landfill & Biogas 404 W-t-E conventional 80 156 WFPP Power only 438 WFPP Power & Heat 29

Conclusion Closing the loop Air Water Society Major Step in Exhaust Avoided gas CO2 Waste Water Treatment Plant Waste Water Raw materials Energy Solid Waste Waste Fired Power Plant (WFPP ) 30

WFPP Challenges for 2020 Electricity towards 35% E-efficiency Emissions drive to lower emissions Waste heat all towards district heating Metals full recovery and separation Landfill residues (<1,0%) transform useful materials Modular design reduce costs 31

WtE Recycled City of Amsterdam MSW Management 2005 MsW Management Poland vs EU 27 120.0% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% 32 Poland landfilled WtE Recycled EU 27 landfilled WtE Recycled Netherlands landfilled Source: Eurostat

WFPP : yearly potential for Poland Assume 25% Polish MSW processed in a WFPP = 3 million tons MSW/Annum Landfill : WFPP : CO2 emission: > 3 million ton per year Land requirement for disposal: 17 km 2 per year Electricity: 300 MW e continuous base load 2,630,000 MWh/yearly (50% sustainable) (Non-) ferro & precious metals > 37.500 ton/year Construction materials > 600,000 ton/year Avoided CO2 > 1.2 million ton/year Compared to landfill the avoided CO2 is > 4.2 million ton/year 33

Brecia WTERT 2006 34

Vienna, Professor Hundertwasser WTERT 2006 35

Hiroshima, Yoshio Taniguchi WTERT 2006 36

Cost; size matters 2000 1500 1000 500 AVI Amsterdam 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Capacity in 1000 ton / year 37

AEB patents for licensing Flue gas Cleaning Dioxin removal in wet flue gas cleaning with detergents Mercury removal in wet flue gas cleaning Combining waste incineration and sewage treatment plant Energy Recovery High Efficiency - Waste Fired Power Plant Flue gas recirculation to primary air Steam super heater construction with screen pipes Steam super heater with oval pipes Material recovery Salt fabrication from flue gas cleaning residue Recovery of fine Non-Ferrous metals from bottom ash Gravity Separation of Non-Ferrous metals from bottom ash 38

AEB services Technology transfer, licensing Conceptual WFPP design Specifications and basic design of major equipment Complete design for standard WFPP facility, 550,000 MTPA Services Facilities planning Assistance in permitting procedures Assistance in project realization Management and operators training Interactive operational support Trouble shooting and de-bottlenecking services 39

Outlook Waste is directly available as raw material for renewable energy and top-class construction materials Let s explore together world s most valuable mineral 40

Dziękuję Bardzo Hendrikus A A M de Waart June, City of Amsterdam 41