Sustainable Design and The Future with Wood Products

Sustainable Design Philosophy Sustainable design implies responsibility and it implies far-reaching respect for natural systems and resources, respect for people and respect for the cycle of life. Jason McLennan Sustainable Philosophy

Sustainable Design :...seeks to maximize the quality of the built environment while minimizing or eliminating negative impact to the natural environment.

quality means creating better buildings for people, better products for our use, and better places to inhabit. Eric Boulanger Office Building, Belgium

places that inspire Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga (ON)

...places that captivate our imaginations

Wood provides shelter and comfort. Wood is renewable and sustainable.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN: Our cities need practical solutions that make them more vibrant and livable... Norfolk General Hospital Simcoe, Farrow Partnership

Timmins (ON) Library

Nicola Valley Institute of Technology, Merritt (BC)

Thunder Bay (ON) Regional Health Sciences Centre The 1 st hospital in Canada to use wood extensively throughout the structure of the main public areas of the entire building.

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN : The Thunder Bay project is the 1 st of its type in Canada to use passive solar energy in public areas, using virtually no heating in the winter or cooling in the summer. TBRHSC, Salter Farrow Pilon (Farrow Partnership Successor Firm)

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN : The Thunder Bay project is the first of its type in Ontario to provide a naturalized system of ponds that cleanses run-off water, creates fish spawning habitats and recharges the adjacent cold-water river. TBRHSC, Salter Farrow Pilon (Farrow Partnership Successor Firm)

LEED Canada - New Construction & Major Renovations Version 1.0 December 2004 70-point credit system under 6 categories Sustainable Sites (14 pts) Energy & Atmosphere (17 pts) Water Efficiency (5 pts) Materials & Resources (14 pts) Indoor Environmental Quality (15 pts) Innovation & Design Process (5 pts)

Green Globes TM A rating is provided based on a scale of 1 to 1000 with 7 categories Project Management Process (50 pts) Site (115 pts) Energy (380 pts) Water (85 pts) Resources (100 pts) Emissions, Effluents & Other Impacts (70 pts) Indoor Environment (200 pts)

LEED vs Green Globes Distribution of Points/Credits % of total Points LEED Green Leaf Points % of total 20% 14 Sustainable Sites Site 220 22% 7% 5 Water Efficiency Water 85 9% 25% 17 Energy and Atmosphere Energy 325 33% 19% 13 Materials and Resources Resources 100 10% 22% 15 Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Environment 220 22% 7% 5 Innovation and Design Process Project Management 50 5%

Green Globes TM On-line self assessment tool suitable for commercial and multi-residential units, for new and existing buildings. Developed in Canada In use by both the public and private sectors for a number of years. In use for existing buildings by BOMA (Building Owners and Managers Association) 1 st green building organization to become an ANSI (American National Standards Institute

Green Globes Consumption of Resources Specify locally manufactured materials that have been selected based on LCA. Use lumber and timber panel products which originate from certified and sustainable sources (CSA, SFI, FSC). Avoid tropical hardwoods that have not been certified as coming from sustainable resources by an equivalent 3 rd party certification system.

LEED vs Green Globes pricing LEED Green Globes Membership: $250-$13,000 Free Registration : $1,000-$5,000 $250 Certification/ Verification: $2,000-$10,000 $1,500-$2,500

LEED and Green Globes costs to achieve certification for a mid-sized project (based on a December 2002 TBKG study commissioned by the City of Vancouver) LEED Green Globes Registration : $2,250 average $250 Design team investigations: $500 per point $2,500-$5,000 total Documentation: $25,000 $100 Certification/ Verification: $5,500 average $2,000 average Total approx. costs: $50,000 $7,000

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment Assesses environmental impact of building through entire life Considers Impact of: 1. Production Phase Extraction, Production, Transport 2. In-Use Phase Energy use, Thermal Properties, maintenance 3. End-of-life Phase Recycling, Recovery, Disposal

Life Cycle of Wood North American Sources ATHENA Institute www.athenasmi.ca Environmental Impact Estimator CORRIM (Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials) www. corrim.org

CORRIM report Examined impacts of building over 75 year life. Calculated emissions of CO 2, methane, nitrous oxide. Estimated global warming potential. Examined water pollution and relative toxicity. Makes recommendations to reduce buildings impacts.

Materials Comparison Energy Use Greenhouse Air Pollution Water Pollution Resource Use Solid Waste Steel to wood 12% 15% 10% 300% 7% 6% Concrete to wood 20% 29% 12% 225% 50% 16%

CORRIM -- Wood<=>Steel Embodied Impacts 350 Steel vs. Wood Design (%) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0-50 Embodied Energy Global Warming Air Emissions Water Emissions Solid Waste

CORRIM -- Wood<=>Concrete Embodied Impacts 60 Concrete vs Wood Design (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 Embodied Energy Global Warming Air Emissions Water Emissions Solid Waste

The Future with Wood Products Structural / Engineered materials Glulam, Plywood, OSB, LVL, PSL, I-joists, S.I.P.s Structural/Architectural Engineered decking & flooring, clad materials Overview Composition & Manufacturing process Environmental Attributes

Glulam Engineered, stress-rated consisting of one or more layers of lumber face glued with grain running parallel. Lumber joined end-to-end, face-to-face and edge-to-edge.

Glulam Environmental Attributes Improved strength reduces volume of wood required Less on-site waste Slightly higher energy used than solid wood (resins and kiln drying) No off gassing

Plywood Plywood is a panel product consisting of thin wood veneers (plies) glued together. Grain direction of veneer is perpendicular to that of the adjacent layers. Cross-lamination provides excellent two-way strength and stiffness properties, resistance to impact damage, and dimensional stability when wet.

Plywood Environmental Attributes Low embodied energy Current processes make effective use of smaller trees Durable and waterproof Energy used comes mainly from wood waste No off gassing Efficient carbon store

Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Components & Manufacturing OSB and waferboard are panel products made of aspen or poplar Strands or wafers bonded together under heat and pressure Uses a waterproof phenolic resin adhesive or equivalent waterproof binder.

Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Environmental Attributes Primarily made from alternate, former weed species Self-regenerating, fast growing aspenpoplar (populus tremuloides) in the northern part of North America Contributes to efficiency of I-joists and SIPs Resins available to suit end use needs No off gassing No Urea Formaldehyde

I-Joist Prefabricated wood I-joists Solid or laminated veneer lumber (LVL) flanges glued to a plywood or oriented strandboard (OSB) panel Dimensionally stable, light-weight member Constant engineering properties. Uniform properties Well suited for longer span joist and rafter applications Residential and commercial construction.

I-Joist Environmental Attributes Pre-cut to length reduces on-site waste Can use (LVL), lumber, or MSR lumber. OSB or Plywood webs. High strength to weight ratio, reduces wood volume. Installed manually, saving $. Longer lengths OSB allows long spans unattainable in solid. Exterior rated glues do not off-gas

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Layered composite of wood veneers and adhesive. Can be pre-cut at the factory into stock for headers and beams, Used in other Engineered wood products flanges for prefabricated wood I-joists Veneer thicknesses range from 2.5mm (0.10") to 4.8mm (3/16") Common use second growth and smaller dimension logs Douglas fir, larch, and poplar.

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) Environmental Attributes The phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesive used in manufacture are inert once cured. No off gassing. High strength to weight ratio enhances performance Pre-cutting reduces on-site waste

Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) Manufacturing process Parallel strand lumber (PSL) is a high strength structural composite lumber product manufactured by gluing strands of wood together under pressure. Proprietary products marketed under the trade names Timberstrand TM and Parallam TM.

Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) Environmental Attributes In Canada, 98% from second growth Douglas Fir. Plantation fibre also suitable. Pre-cut sizes reduces waste on site. No off gassing. Consistent properties and high load carrying ability. Like timbers and glulam members, PSL of large cross section has proven to be resistant to fire.

Structural Enhancements IBS 2000 o o o o o o Floor stiffening system Can be used in conjunction with any wood frame floor system Solid wood and plywood components Lap joint, glue and staples in X brace Mechanical and chemical fastening (screws and glues) at plywood boundary CCMC approved span tables for dimension lumber and intermediate "G" values for all engineered wood floor systems.

Structural Enhancements Environmental Attributes o o o o o o o Makes use of short lengths of wood. Can use beetle killed pine Glues in manufacture of both x and Plywood components do not off-gas Allows greater spacing between joists without sacrificing performance. Longer spans reduces the size and number of joists required. Can be used only where needed Overall, enhances sustainability by allowing less material use

Architectural & Engineered Flooring Engineered on various substrates 4-6 mm veneer FSC, recycled, and non-traditional species Decking Engineered Enhanced use of beetle killed pine Extends use of high grade lumber Non structural species in structural application Posts and Beams Use of off cuts and stained wood Stronger than solid Available in paint and high grade appearance Non structural species in structural application