Egypt Portfolio for Climate Change Dr Mawaheb Abul Azm EEAA CEO Regional Technical Assistance Program for Addressing Climate Change ( MENA- The world Bank ) May 13th- 14th, 2009 Rome Italy
Outline of the presentation Historical Background Current status Adaptation and mitigation national measures Expected regional cooperation 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-2
Historical background Initial National Communication 1998 Egypt contribution to GHG is minimal In 1990 0.3% the total world emission National Capacity Built Most vulnerable sectors Agriculture Water resources Coastal Zone 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-3
Current Status Second National Communication project GHG emissions from Different sectors 10% All energy 14% 13% 63% Industerial processes Agriculture Waste 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-4
Current Status Second National Communication project GHG emissions from sectors of All Energy 8% 0% 10% 36% Energy Transformation Industry Transport 23% Small Combustion Agriculture 23% Fugitive 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-5
Current status continued National climate change steering committee with a prime ministerial Decree in 2007 Prepare a national climate change adaptation strategy Growing CDM portfolio : 39 projects = 6.5 M tons of CO2 reduction Supreme Energy Council: development of national policies related to energy efficiency and renewable energy 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-6
Egypt s vision Second national communication Adaptation Mitigation 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-7
Adaptation Adaptation issues Integrated coastal zone management Agriculture Water resources 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-8
Coastal proposed policies Creation of Wetlands in Low Laying Lands Supportive Protection Structures (Including Dams) Natural Sand Dunning Systems Management of Coastal Lakes Public and Policy Maker Awareness Use of Arial Photographs and Satellite Images 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-9
Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) SNC: Draft ( May 2009) General topography of the Nile delta indicating areas below sea level in red (Sestini,1990; modified by El Raey) 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-10
Some of proposed water interventions Public awareness campaigns on water shortages or surpluses caused by climate change. Development of Local Area Circulation Models capable of predicting the impact of climate change on the local (Egypt) and regional (Nile Basin) water resources. Increase the capacity of researchers in all fields of climate change and its impact on water systems. Encourage exchange of data and information between Nile Basin countries. 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-11
Agriculture proposed polices Choose High Case Crops Change of Crop Variety and Crop Calendar Skip Irrigation at Different Growth Stages Change on Farm Systems and Fertilization Development of special adaptation fund for agriculture Improve the scientific capacity Increase the public awareness and improve the concept of climate and its relation to environmental and human systems Improve the adaptive capacity of rural community Develop simple and low cost technologies suitable for local context rather than exported high cost ones 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-12
Mitigation The objective is to create a national greenhouse gas mitigation plan that furthers the process of sustainable development in Egypt in the light of technology transfer, donor funding, capacity building opportunities and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Energy Industry Transport Waste Agriculture 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-13
a) Energy mitigation measures Sustaining the use of natural gas as the main available cleaner fossil fuel. Increasing the share of renewable in the electricity generation mix up to 20%, depending mainly on expanding wind power, solar and including hydro power. Achieving the target of reducing the energy end-use consumption by 20% via robust and strict programs for energy efficiency improvements over fifteen years period (2007 2022). 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-14
b) Industry mitigation measures creating market for the climate and environment friendly technologies. Minimizing ratio between raw materials used and products without drastic changes in specifications. controlling the process chain in such a way to reduce the GHG emissions (such as perflurocarbons (PFC s) emission reduction in aluminum industry). 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-15
c) Transport mitigation policies Fuel switching could include biochemical fuels, compressed natural gas, and electric and hybrid electric propulsion technology. Travel demand management offers significant opportunity to mitigate growth of emissions from private car users. The management of public transport systems must be radically improved. Measures include provision of new vehicles, security on public transport and in non-motorised transport use. 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-16
d) Waste mitigation policies reduce waste generated at source. reuse a material for its original purposes. recycle a material for use in another product. energy recovery from the material and using it as a fuel. 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-17
e) Agriculture mitigation policies Improving irrigation management. Improving the livestock production systems. Establishing national integrated network for monitoring and assessment of the climatic and environmental hazards and its impact on agriculture. 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-18
Proposed activities under the WB program Technical Assistance for establishing a regional information center for MENA countries. 1) Adaptation: Development of regional tools/ guidelines for large scale water investment intervention that would assist in control of sea level rise. Strengthen the awareness of policy and decision makers on adaptation measures for better mainstreaming of adaptation issues in national plans. Development of Innovative financial mechanisms for private sector involvement. 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-19
Proposed activities under the WB program 2) Mitigation: Study on the National benefits of pursuing low-carbon development path in cooperation with the private sector: improved air quality, reduced traffic congestion, improved energy efficient models Develop programmatic CDM approach for small scale projects within the small community such as biogas, compost, energy efficiency,... 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-20
Proposed activities under the WB program 3) Dissemination and Outreach: Conduct regional seminar on the economic valuation of the climate sector in the vulnerable sector. Awareness raising activities on the future impact of the climate change in water and ICZM sector( joint sectors). Strengthen the public participation of the community, NGOs in the climate change future actions. 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND 7-21