Valuation of ecosystem services: Projects in Southwest China 离子膜电渗析分离碱性料液 Reporter: Tang Zhonglin 答辩人 :XXX University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of biology, CAS E-mail:tangzl@cib.ac.cn TEL:+86 18202875722
Projects in Southwest China Contents
INTRODUCTION 1/24 Projects in Southwest China CONCEPTION FUNCTION IMPORTANCE
2/24 INTRODUCTION Projects in Southwest China ErHai Lake Eastern Tibetan Plateau Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage Key scientific problems: Temporal and spatial variations of ecosystem service; Relationship between ecosystem services; The driving factors of the ES changes; VS key techniques: Temporal and spatial valuation; Quantitative evaluation ; Trade-off evaluation ; Scenario analysis;
3/24 ErHai Lake The second largest plateau freshwater lake in Yunnan Province The seventh largest freshwater lake in China National Nature Reserve Romantic city, rich in tourism resources(wind, flower, snow and moon) (25 25 N-26 16 N, 99 32 E-100 27 E)
4/24 Method
5/24 Result Ecosystem service Value Type Value 10 8 CNY % of TEV Provisioning service Agricultural production Direct Economic Values 16.89 3.59 Fishery production Direct Economic Values 2.44 0.52 Water supply Direct Economic Values 3.87 0.82 Hydroelectric power generation Direct Economic Values 0.57 0.12 Animal husbandry production Direct Economic Values 31.24 6.65 Forest products Direct Economic Values 1.64 0.35 Supporting service Production of raw materials Direct Economic Values 4.00 0.85 Nutrient storage Indirect Economic Values 0.13 0.03 Biodiversity Indirect Economic Values 15.98 3.40 Carbon fixation and oxygen release Indirect Economic Values 2.45 0.52 Regulating service Water conservation Indirect Economic Values 203.95 43.40 Soil conservation Indirect Economic Values 0.58 0.12 Atmospheric purification Indirect Economic Values 4.56 0.97 Water purification Indirect Economic Values 0.05 0.01 Flood diversion and storage Indirect Economic Values 32.75 6.97 Cultural service Scientific research culture Indirect Economic Values 1.69 0.36 Tourism and entertainment Indirect Economic Values 147.17 31.32 Total Economic Value (TEV) 469.96 100.00
6/24 Conclusion 1 2 3 The total ES economic value of Erhai Lake Basin is CNY 469.96 10 8, 1.41 times of the GDP (CNY 331.32 10 8 ) of this administrative region in 2014; Provisioning, supporting, regulatory and cultural service of Erhai Lake Basin accounts for 12.06 %, 4.75 %, 51.47 % and 31.68 %, separately; Erhai lake basin possesses unique and important values in tourism and culture, but provides huge indirect value from its regulation services.
7/24 Eastern Tibetan Plateau The ETP region Aba Prefecture Ganzi prefecture Gannan prefecture The ecological barrier of the Yangtze River and the upper reaches of the Yellow River; Best grassland in HKH area and one of the three major forest areas in China; A barometer of global climate change in the future
8/24 Importance Ecological barrier The importance level is rated as "very high Biodiversity hot spots Ramsar wetlands of inte rnational importance Ecological issues Landscape fragmentation Ecologically vulnerable Overgrazing, overcultivation, deforestation Required Sustainable development Scientific management ES assessment
9/24
10/24 Method Land use Water Yield Climate data Soil Conservation Plant physicochemical parameters RS optical image InVEST Carbon Storage CASA Model (NPP) Soil data Habitat Quality
11/24 YEAR SC Crop Land Forest Grassland Wetland WY CP SC WY CP SC WY CP SC WY (10 9 m 3 ) (10 9 m 3 ) (10 9 m 3 ) (10 9 m 3 ) CP 1990 2.31 1.92 0.73 65.35 42.28 16.86 74.02 74.91 30.35 0.68 2.40 1.06 1995 2.18 1.81 0.75 64.59 39.32 15.89 70.97 71.65 30.60 0.62 2.14 1.05 2000 2.24 1.88 0.63 63.11 38.67 16.13 68.80 68.85 29.61 0.66 2.12 0.85 2005 2.20 1.86 0.61 63.36 38.63 16.24 71.29 72.41 28.73 0.63 2.28 0.84 2010 2.21 1.83 0.93 65.71 39.18 16.38 68.66 68.30 28.77 0.77 2.44 1.46 2015 2.27 1.88 0.63 65.63 39.25 16.43 69.89 69.45 28.65 0.86 2.68 1.33
12/24 YEAR SC Crop Land Forest Grassland Wetland WY CP SC WY CP SC WY CP SC WY (10 9 m 3 ) (10 9 m 3 ) (10 9 m 3 ) (10 9 m 3 ) CP Scenario I: Climate change 1990 2.27 1.92 0.73 65.35 42.28 16.86 74.69 74.91 30.35 0.69 2.40 1.06 1995 2.13 1.80 0.75 62.91 39.23 16.64 71.38 71.64 30.44 0.63 2.14 1.05 2000 2.22 1.88 0.80 62.37 38.86 16.86 69.10 68.86 30.11 0.67 2.12 1.06 2005 2.17 1.85 0.77 61.97 38.54 16.55 70.78 68.59 30.19 0.64 2.28 1.05 2010 2.21 1.82 0.77 61.11 38.62 17.13 68.81 68.50 29.66 0.78 2.49 1.10 2015 2.27 1.86 0.77 61.05 38.20 17.13 68.14 67.67 29.68 0.87 2.74 1.09 Conclusion1: the selected ecosystem service showed a downward trend and was much lower than other two scenarios in quantity. Besides, the changing spatial distribution is similar with the climate change pattern in both three ES types studied.
13/24 YEAR SC Crop Land Forest Grassland Wetland WY CP SC WY CP SC WY CP SC WY (10 9 m 3 ) (10 9 m 3 ) (10 9 m 3 ) (10 9 m 3 ) CP Scenario II : Land use change 1990 2.31 1.92 0.73 65.35 42.28 16.86 74.69 74.91 30.35 0.69 2.40 1.06 1995 2.34 1.98 0.76 64.76 41.91 16.74 75.35 75.40 30.68 0.68 2.38 1.06 2000 2.45 2.10 0.81 64.73 42.05 16.85 74.47 74.54 29.94 0.64 2.42 1.05 2005 2.35 2.01 0.78 66.91 41.87 16.47 75.47 75.36 30.14 0.67 2.38 1.04 2010 2.36 2.03 0.82 68.39 41.35 17.57 73.81 74.47 30.89 0.85 2.73 1.26 2015 2.36 2.01 0.80 68.37 41.34 17.27 73.87 74.42 30.03 0.93 2.88 1.28 Conclusion2: In general, the selected ecosystem service showed a upward trend and was much higher than other two scenarios in quantity, and the spatial changes are relatively less than other two scenarios.
14/24 Conclusion 1 2 3 The total quantity of ES reduced in all the three scenarios, the annual ES change was scenario II<scenario III<scenario I and the periodical characteristics are present in this region; The ES change spatial distribution varied with different climate change patterns and land use transfer directions; The ES composition of each ecosystem varied with different driving scenarios and different responses of forest and wetland on climate change and land use changes were observed. Moreover, the trade-off under land use change and climate change respectively was observed in this study.
15/24 Jiuzhaigou World Natural Heritage Biodiversity hotspot National Nature Reserve Rich in tourism resources (30 35-34 19 N, 100 30-104 27 E)
16/24 Method Land use Water Yield Climate data Plant physicochemical parameters RS optical image Soil Conservation Carbon Storage CASA Model (NPP) Soil data Habitat Quality InVEST Model
17/24 Provisioning service Soil conservation Water conservation Habitat quality YEAR 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Crop production 13.7742 13.3435 10.9434 10.7593 10.7825 10.8346 (10 5 t) Carbon storage 2.231 2.162 1.773 1.743 1.757 1.755 Oxygen release 1.653 1.601 1.313 1.291 1.294 1.300 Water Yield 3.560 2.881 2.962 3.147 2.977 3.210 (10 8 m 3 ) Soil conservation 7.557 7.553 7.554 7.557 7.556 7.559 Air purification 8.323 8.326 8.337 8.154 8.012 8.044 (10 4 t) Dust conservation (10 3 t) 9.959 9.778 9.901 9.871 9.798 9.882
18/24 YEAR 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Provisioning service Supporting service Regulating service Cultural service In total 0.219 0.213 0.175 0.172 0.252 0.173 2.031 1.986 1.741 1.722 1.776 1.728 3.237 2.663 2.736 2.888 2.743 2.940 0.003 0.005 0.017 0.039 0.033 0.094 5.490 4.868 4.669 4.821 4.805 4.935 From 1990 to 2015,the TEV decreased from 54.9 to 49.35 billion Yuan, PS & RS declined 14.92%,9.12%, respectively. Tourism revenue increased from 0.05% to 1.91%, and the proportion of tourist ticket income increased yearly. The ES besides tourism decreased in the past 25 years, but can be divided into two phases.
19/24 YEAR 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Crop production 13.7742 13.7638 13.7716 13.7688 13.7647 13.7771 (10 5 t) Carbon storage 2.231 2.229 2.230 2.231 2.229 2.228 Oxygen release 1.653 1.651 1.652 1.650 1.652 1.653 Water Yield 3.560 3.550 3.549 3.551 3.553 3.552 (10 8 m 3 ) Soil conservation 7.557 7.552 7.556 7.556 7.557 7.559 Air purification 8.323 8.323 8.322 8.324 8.323 8.324 (10 4 t) Dust conservation (10 3 t) 9.959 9.954 9.956 9.960 9.964 9.962 Provisioning service Soil conservation Water conservation Habitat quality In the past 25 years, there is little change in the total amount of ES quality in this scenario, and each service is much higher than other 2 scenarios.
20/24 Provisioning service Soil conservation Water conservation Habitat quality YEAR 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Crop production 13.7742 13.2351 10.6248 10.5274 10.6207 10.8207 (10 5 t) Carbon storage 2.231 2.161 1.743 1.728 1.757 1.769 Oxygen release 1.653 1.578 1.276 1.284 1.872 1.279 Water Yield 3.560 2.894 2.952 3.148 2.968 3.172 (10 8 m 3 ) Soil conservation 7.557 7.558 7.557 7.558 7.557 7.556 Air purification 8.323 8.336 8.317 8.154 8.112 8.142 (10 4 t) Dust conservation (10 3 t) 9.959 9.777 9.892 9.871 9.790 9.881 The change tendency of the scenario3 is similar with the scenario1, and much lower than other scenarios in total amount.
21/24 Conclusion 1 2 3 As the temperature is rising, the spatial pattern of ES is similar to the spatial pattern of precipitation change. The impact of land use change on ES of Jiuzhaigou is not obvious, due to the less disturbance in the protected area. The trade-off under land use change and climate change respectively was observed in this study.
22/24 Earthquake intensity distribution map The images of Sparkling Lake before (left) and after(right) Earthquake The images of Nuorilang Waterfall before (left) and after(right) Earthquake
23/24 Index Quantity (10 5 t) Value (10 4 Yuan) Land use Crop production Carbon storage Oxygen release Water Yield Soil conservation Air purification Dust conservation Forest 1.440 2.332 1.728 112.928 48.770 0.041 0.005 - wetland 0.002 0.003 0.002 9.166 0.015 0.000 0.000 - Habitat quality Forest 6268.20 7836.98 6910.92 9531.16 10705.05 248.00 8.41 20790.50 wetland 7.72 9.65 8.51 773.65 3.20 0.60 0.17 722.60 It is estimated that the ES value loss of forest and wetland in the core area of Jiuzhaigou scenic area is 622.99 million Yuan and 15.26 billion Yuan, respectively. Of which the loss of soil conservation, water conservation and biodiversity accounts for a large proportion.
24/24 Practices in Southwest China FURTHER STUDY 1 2 3 Driving mechanism of ecosystem services changes Relationship between ecosystem services Relationship between human well-being and ES
Thank you Reporter: Tang Zhonglin 答辩人 :XXX University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Institute of biology, CAS E-mail:tangzl@cib.ac.cn TEL:+86 18202875722