Evaluation of field treatments to reduce the impact of Xylella fastidiosa infections in olive trees Dongiovanni E., Di Carolo M., Fumarola G., Ciniero A., Tauro D., Palmisano F., Silletti MR., Pollastro P., Altamura G., Morelli M., Coletta-Filho H.D., de Souza A., Saldarelli P., Boscia D., Saponari M., Faretra F.
European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
Field location and trials setup TRIAL: A B C D FIELD LOCATION: Gallipoli Nociglia Taurisano Ugento (Le) (Le) (Le) (Le) CULTIVAR: Cellina di Nardò Cellina di Nardò Carolea; Gioconda; Pesciolen; Leccino; Nocellara. Carolea PLANTING DATA: 5 5 986 TRAINING SYSTEM: DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS (m): Open centre tree 5 x 5 6 x 6 5 x 5 7 x 7 TRIAL DESIGN: Randomized block Randomized block Completely randomized block Randomized block REPLICATIONS: 6 N. PLANTS/TREATMENT: 5 5 European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
Acibenzolar S-methyl I Protein of Harpin σ β I Fosetyl alluminium I Fosetyl alluminium III COS-OGA III Organic fertilizer III Acibenzolar S-methyl II COS-OGA I NAC endoterapy I Protein of Harpin σ β III Cerevisanae II NAC endoterapy II Cerevisanae I Organic fertilizer I Acibenzolar S-methyl III NAC endoterapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer III Organic fertilizer II Protein of Harpin σ β II NAC endoterapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer II NAC endoterapy NAC adsorben on organic fertilizer I Cerevisanae III NAC endoterapy III COS-OGA II Fosetyl alluminium II Trial A FIELD LOCATION: Gallipoli (Le) CULTIVAR: Cellina di Nardò PLANTING DATA: 5 TRAINING SYSTEM: Open centre tree DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS (m): 5 x 5 TRIAL DESIGN: Randomized block REPLICATIONS: N. PLANTS/TREATMENT: 5 Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Infected ancient olive orchard European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
FIELD LOCATION: CULTIVAR: Nociglia (Le) Cellina di Nardò PLANTING DATA: 5 TRAINING SYSTEM: DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS (m): TRIAL DESIGN: Open centre tree 6 x 6 Randomized block REPLICATIONS: N. PLANTS/TREATMENT: Trial b European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem 5
6 European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem Trial B: February 6 (at the beginning of the trial) NAC endotherapy adsorbed on organic fertilizer IV X X Acibenzolar S-methil III Acibenzolar S-methil IV X NAC endotherapy III X X Cerevisanae III NAC endotherapy IV X NAC endotherapy adsorbed on organic fertilizer II Protein of Harpin I Organic matter II Fosetyl alluminium Al II Protein of Harpin III Laminarin - low dose III NAC endotherapy adsorbed on organic fertilizer III COS-OGA IV X NAC endotherapy II COS-OGA I NAC endotherapy adsorbed on organic fertilizer I A. tenuissima - low dose III Organic fertilizer III Acibenzolar S-methil II COS-OGA II X Cerevisanae I Fosetyl Aluminium I X Protein of Harpin II Cerevisanae II Fosetyl Alluminium III X X X COS-OGA III Acibenzolar S-methil I Fosetyl Alluminium IV Cerevisanae IV Untreated check IV Untreated check I Organic fertilizer IV Protein of Harpin IV Untreated check II X NAC endotherapy I X X Organic fertilizer I
FIELD LOCATION: CULTIVAR: Taurisano (Le) Carolea; Gioconda; Pesciolen; Leccino; Nocellara. PLANTING DATA: TRAINING SYSTEM: Open centre tree DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS (m): 5 x 5 TRIAL DESIGN: Completely randomized block N. PLANTS/TREATMENT: 5 Trial C Infected ancient olive orchard Trial field The farmer implemented the best agricultural practice, with: - adequate control of the weeds; - frequently pruning, both during the winter in the season by removing desiccation shoots; - Insecticides applications against mainly pests of olive (Dacus oleae; Prays oleae; Prays oleae); European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a Foreshorening global problem of trial field 7
Trial D TRIAL: FIELD LOCATION: CULTIVAR: D Ugento (Le) Carolea PLANTING DATA: 986 TRAINING SYSTEM: DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS: TRIAL DESIGN: 7 x 7 Randomized block REPLICATIONS: N. PLANTS/TREATMENT: European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem 8
TESTED PRODUCTS European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem 9
ELICITORS OF PLANTS DEFENSE Product name or code Active substance (a.s.) Content a.s. (% or g/l) and formulation Applied volume (ml/ha) Formulate rate (g or ml/hl) Mode of application Trial A B C D ALD 9 Cerevisanae (%) WP L/ha 75 g/hl Spray X X X Aliette Fosetyl alluminium (8%) WG L/ha g/hl Spray X X X X HP Protein of Harpin σ β (% ) PB L/ha g/hl Spray X X X X Ibisco COS-OGA ( g/l) L L/ha 5 ml/hl Spray X X X Bion Acibenzolar S- Methyl (5%) WG L/ha g/hl Spray X X X X - Intervals applications: 5 days; - Starting on the end of the winter (new shoots emergence) until July, interruption on august, applications in September/October; - Starting trials: - Trial A: 5 until 7; - Trial B: 6 to the end of february 7; - Trial C: 5 until 7; - Trial D: 6 until 7; European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
N-ACETYLCYSTEIN Product name or code Active substance (a.s.) Content a.s. (% or g/l) and formulation Mode of applications Trial A B C D NAC N-acetylcystein (.5 g/l) L Endotherapy X X NAC [NAC Organic fertilizer] N-acetylcystein [N-acetylcystein organic fertilizer] (5 g/l) L [ organic N (%); organic C (%); organic mater (7%)] Pellet Endotherapy and incorporated in the soil, adsorbed on organic fertilizer X X Pollina Organic fertilizer [ organic N (%); organic C (%); organic mater (7%)] Pellet Incorporated in the soil X X European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
Active substance (a.s.) N-acetylcystein Applied volume (ml/plant) 5 ml/plant (5-6) ml/plant (7) Formulate rate (g or ml/plant).5 g/plant (5-6).5 g/plant (7) Mode of application Endotherapy TRIAL A N-ACETYLCYSTEIN N-acetylcystein [N-acetylcystein organic fertilizer] 5 ml/plant (5-6) ml/plant (7).5 g/plant (5-6).5 g/plant (7) [ g/plant g/plant] Organic fertilizer - g/plant Endotherapy and incorporate in the soil Incorporate in the soil - Endotherapy: single application in summer 5; two applications in spring 6 and 7; - NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer alone: starting application in 6, seven application both in 6 and 7, started in the spring to autumn with 5 days intervals; European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
TRIAL B: N-ACETYLCYSTEIN Active substance (a.s.) Applied volume (ml/plant) Formulate rate (g or ml/plant) Mode of application N-acetylcystein 5 ml/plant.5 g/plant Endoterapy N-acetylcystein [N-acetylcystein organic fertilizer] 5 ml/plant.5 g/plant [ g/plant g/plant] Endoterapy and incorporate in the soil Organic fertilizer - g/plant - Endotherapy: in 6, four applications started in the spring with - days intervals; Incorporate in the soil European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
TRIAL B: N-ACETYLCYSTEIN Active substance (a.s.) Applied volume (ml/plant) Formulate rate (g or ml/plant) Mode of application N-acetylcystein 5 ml/plant.5 g/plant Endoterapy N-acetylcystein [N-acetylcystein organic fertilizer] 5 ml/plant.5 g/plant [ g/plant g/plant] Endoterapy and incorporate in the soil Organic fertilizer - g/plant Incorporate in the soil - In 6: NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer alone: eight applications from spring to autumn with 5 gg intervals; European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
light to moderate symptoms (more than symptomatic shoots) moderate to heavy symptoms (at least heavy symptomatic branches) = symptomless Empyrical scale light symptoms (less than symptomatic shoots) heavy symtoms or branches (at least symptomatic branches) 5 heavy symptoms on the whole tree
Fosetyl alluminium III COS-OGA III Organic fertilizer III Acibenzolar S-methyl II Acibenzolar S-methyl I Protein of Harpin σ β I Fosetyl alluminium I COS-OGA I NAC endoterapy I Protein of Harpin σ β III Cerevisanae II NAC endoterapy II Acibenzolar S-methyl III NAC endoterapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer III Protein of Harpin σ β II NAC endoterapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer II Cerevisanae I Organic fertilizer I Organic fertilizer II NAC endoterapy NAC adsorben on organic fertilizer I Cerevisanae III NAC endoterapy III COS-OGA II Fosetyl alluminium II % of infected plants Trial A: March 6 Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Pos Neg Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg 8 6 aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Pos Pos Neg Pos Neg Neg Neg Pos Neg Neg Pos Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Pos Neg Neg Pos Neg Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Pos Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Pos Neg Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Pos Neg Neg Pos Neg Pos Neg Pos Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg Neg - Transplanting in 5; - First infected plants on March 6, after years; Pos Neg Pos Pos Pos Pos Neg Pos Neg European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem Neg Neg Neg 6
Acibenzolar S-methyl I Fosetyl alluminium I Fosetyl alluminium III Organic fertilizer III Acibenzolar S-methyl II Protein of Harpin σ β I COS-OGA I NAC endoterapy I COS-OGA III Protein of Harpin σ β III Cerevisanae II NAC endoterapy II % of infected plants/treatments Acibenzolar S-methyl III NAC endoterapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer III Organic fertilizer II Protein of Harpin σ β II NAC endoterapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer II Cerevisanae I Organic fertilizer I NAC endoterapy NAC adsorben on organic fertilizer I Cerevisanae III NAC endoterapy III COS-OGA II Fosetyl alluminium II Trial A: September 7 Pos Pos x Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Neg Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Neg Pos Neg Pos Pos Pos x x Pos Pos Neg Pos Pos Neg Pos Pos Pos Pos pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos x Pos Pos x x Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Active substance (a.s.) October 7 Untreated check 75.6 b A NAC endotherapy 79. b A NAC endo NAC adsorbed or fertilizer 8. ab A Cerevisanae. a A Organic fertilizer 9. ab A Fosetyl alluminium 78. ab A Protein of Harpin σ β 8. ab A COS-OGA 9. ab A Acibenzolar S-methyl. a A Pos Neg Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos x Pos Pos Pos x 9 Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos 8 Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Neg Pos Neg Pos Neg Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Neg Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Neg Pos Pos 7 6 5 Pos Pos Pos Neg Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Neg Neg Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos x Pos Pos Neg Pos Pos Pos 6 March 9 October 7 October 7 - Transplanting in 5; - First infected plants on March 6; Pos Neg Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos Pos European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem Pos Pos Pos Untreated check NAC endo NAC adsorbed or fertilizer Organic fertilizer Protein of Harpin σ β Acibenzolar S-methyl NAC endotherapy Cerevisanae Fosetyl alluminium COS-OGA 7
Fosetyl alluminium III Organic fertilizer III Acibenzolar S-methyl II COS-OGA III Protein of Harpin σ β III Cerevisanae II NAC endoterapy II NAC endoterapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer III NAC endoterapy NAC adsorben on organic fertilizer I Organic fertilizer I Cerevisanae I NAC endoterapy I COS-OGA I Protein of Harpin σ β I Fosetyl alluminium I Acibenzolar S-methyl I % of syptomatic plants/treatments Acibenzolar S-methyl III Organic fertilizer II Protein of Harpin σ β II NAC endoterapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer II Cerevisanae III NAC endoterapy III COS-OGA II Fosetyl alluminium II Trial A: September 7: prevalence (%) x x x x x x x x 9 8 7 6 5 February 6, 7 July 5, 7 September 8, 7 Untreated check NAC endotherapy NAC endo NAC adsorbed or fertilizer x Transplanting in 5; First symptomatic plants appeared on Feb 7; Actually situation (after years); European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem Cerevisanae Organic fertilizer Fosetyl alluminium Protein of Harpin σ β COS-OGA Acibenzolar S-methyl Empyrical scale: 5 8
Fosetyl alluminium III Organic fertilizer III Acibenzolar S-methyl II COS-OGA III Protein of Harpin σ β III Cerevisanae II NAC endoterapy II Acibenzolar S-methyl III NAC endoterapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer III Organic fertilizer II Protein of Harpin σ β II NAC endoterapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer II Cerevisanae III NAC endoterapy III COS-OGA II Fosetyl alluminium II NAC endoterapy NAC adsorben on organic fertilizer I Organic fertilizer I Cerevisanae I NAC endoterapy I COS-OGA I Protein of Harpin σ β I Fosetyl alluminium I Acibenzolar S-methyl I McKi nney index (%) Trial A: September 7: McK (%) x x x x x x McKinney Index (%) Active substance (a.s.) September 7 Untreated check.7 a A NAC endotherapy 9. b A NAC endo NAC adsorbed or fertilizer.7 ab A Cerevisanae a A Organic fertilizer 6. a A Fosetyl alluminium 8 ab A Protein of Harpin σ β a A COS-OGA 6.7 ab A Acibenzolar S-methyl 6.7 a A x 5 x 5 5 February 6, 7 July 5, 7 September 8, 7 Untreated check NAC endotherapy NAC endo NAC adsorbed or fertilizer Cerevisanae Organic fertilizer Fosetyl alluminium x Transplanting in 5; First symptomatic plants appeared on Feb 7; Actually situation (after years); European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem Protein of Harpin σ β COS-OGA Acibenzolar S-methyl Empyrical scale: 5 9
Trial A: EVOLUTION IN the time European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
% of infected plants Trial B: november 6 (infected plants after months from the start the trial) 9 8 7 6 5 aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
x x x x Prevalence (%) Trial B: February 7 (after years from the start the trial) Fosetyl Alluminium IV Cerevisanae IV Protein of Harpin IV Organic matter IV NAC endotherapy I Organic matter I Untreated check I x x COS-OGA III Protein of Harpin II x Acibenzolar S-methil I x Untreated check IV Fosetyl Alluminium III Acibenzolar S-methil II x Cerevisanae II x x Organic matter III COS-OGA II Cerevisanae I Fosetyl Aluminium I Silver ions Ag/Cu I COS-OGA IV NAC endotherapy with organic matter III NAC endotherapy II Organic matter II NAC endotherapy with organic matter I Untreated check II NAC endotherapy IV COS-OGA I Cerevisanae III Protein of Harpin III Fosetyl alluminium Al II NAC endotherapy with organic matter II Protein of Harpin I x Acibenzolar S-methil IV NAC endotherapy III 95 9 85 8 75 7 65 6 x x x NAC endotherapy with organic matter IV Acibenzolar S-methil III Treatment Untreated check Fosetyl alluminium Acibenzolar S-methil Protein of Harpin Cerevisanae COS-OGA Prevalence (%) 6//7 Untreated check a A Fosetyl alluminium a A Acibenzolar S-methil a A Protein of Harpin a A Cerevisanae a A COS-OGA a A NAC endotherapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer 9,7 b B Organic fertilizer a A NAC endotherapy a A 55 NAC endotherapy NAC adsorbend on organic fertilizer 5 Organic fertilizer Empyrical scale: European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers 5 to a global problem NAC endotherapy
McKlnney's Index (%) 5 5 Trial B: February 7 - - Untreated check Fosetyl alluminium 5 - Acibenzolar S-methil Protein of Harpin Cerevisanae COS-OGA 5 NAC endotherapy NAC adsorbend on organic fertilizer Organic fertilizer NAC endotherapy European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem Treatment Mckinney index (%) 6//7 Untreated check 9, ab AB Fosetyl alluminium 5,8 bc ABC Acibenzolar S-methil,7 cd BCD Protein of Harpin,8 bc ABCD Cerevisanae 6, abc ABC COS-OGA,7 bc ABCD NAC endotherapy NAC adsorbed on organic fertilizer 5, d D Organic fertilizer 5,8 a A NAC endotherapy 8,9 cd CD
5,5,5,5,5,5 Trial B 6 Q MIN MED MAX Q 5,5,5,5,5,5 7 Q MIN MED MAX Q NAC endoterapy European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
% of infected plants Trial C Active substance (a.s.) July 5 September 6 9 8 7 6 5 Untreated check Fosetyl alluminium Protein of Harpin July 5 September 6 Acibenzolar S-methyl COS-OGA Untreated check, a A 9, a A Fosetyl alluminium 5,7 a A 67, b A Protein of Harpin,9 a A 7,7 ab A Acibenzolar S-methyl,9 a A 8, ab A COS-OGA 6, a A 79, ab A European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem 5
Prevalence (%) Trial C 9 8 7 6 5 Untreated check Fosetyl alluminium Protein of Harpin Acibenzolar S-methyl CoS-OGA Thesis Prevalence (%) March 5 July 5 December 5 May 6 September 6 November 6 February 7 July 7 Untreated check a A, a A 8,9 b A,9 a A 9, a A 88, ab A 75,7 ab A 9,7 a A Fosetyl alluminium a A 9, a A 8, b A, a A 8, a A 75,8 b A 56,8 b A 9,7 a A Protein of Harpin a A,6 a A 8, b A 5,9 a A 8, a A 8, ab A 7, ab A 9,6 a A Acibenzolar S-methyl a A 8, a A 8,8 b A 6,9 a A 87,8 a A 78,8 ab A 8,7 a A 87,5 a A European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem CoS-OGA a A 6,6 a A 95,8 a A,5 a A 8, a A 86,7 a A 8,5 a A 87,5 a 6 A
McKlnney's Index (%) Trial C 5 5 5 5 5 5 Untreated check Fosetyl alluminium Protein of Harpin Acibenzolar S-methyl CoS-OGA Tesi McKinney Index (%) March 5 July 5 December 5 May 6 September 6 November 6 February 7 July 7 Untreated check a A 8,7 a A 8,6 ab A,6 a A 9, a A 8, ab AB 9,7 ab ABC,8 a A Fosetyl alluminium a A,5 a A 6,5 b A 5, a A,9 a A,6 b B 7, c C 9,8 a A Protein of Harpin a A 5, a A 7, b A,7 a A 7, a A 7,9 ab AB, bc BC,6 a A Acibenzolar S-methyl a A 6,8 a A 8, ab A,8 a A, a A, a AB,5 ab AB 7, a A European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem CoS-OGA a A 6, a A,5 a A,6 a A 7,8 a A 9, a A,6 a A 6,9 a 7 A
Trial C Severity July 5 5.5.5.5.5.5 Untreated check Fosetyl alluminium Protein of Harpin Acibenzolar S-methyl CoS-OGA European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem 8
Trial C Severity July 7 5.5.5.5.5.5 Untreated check Fosetyl alluminium Protein of Harpin Acibenzolar S-methyl CoS-OGA European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem 9
% of infected plants/treatments Trial D 9 8 T5- IV T-IV 7 T-III T-II 6 T-II T-I T5-II T-III T-III T-IV 5 T- I T-I T-I T5-I T-II T-IV T-II T5-III T-III T-IV Distribution of infected plants in the field trial year after the start of applications T5-IV T-III T-IV Untreated check Fosetyl alluminium Protein of Harpin Acibenzolar S- methyl dic-6 feb-7 Cerevisanae T-II T-II T-I T5-II T-III T-III T-IV Thesis Dic 6 Feb 7 T-I T-I T- I T5-I T-II T-IV T-II T5-III R III Distribution of infected plants in the field trial year after the start of applications European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem T-IV Untreated check. a A 77.8 a A Fosetyl alluminium 5.8 a A 85. a A Protein of Harpin. a A 8. a A Acibenzolar S-methyl.7 a A 86. a A Cerevisanae. a A 85. a A
McKinney Index (%) Prevalence (%) Trial D Distribution of infected plants in the field trial years after the start of applications Distribution of symptomatic plants in the field trial year after the start of applications Empyrical scale: 5 European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem X T5-IV T-III T-II T-I T-I T5-II T-III T-III X X X T-I T-I T-I T5-I T-II T-IV T-II T5-III T-III X X X X T-IV X T5-IV T-III T-II T-II T-I T5-II T-III T-III T-I T-I T- I T5-I T-II T-IV T-II T5-III R III T-IV T-IV T-IV T-IV T-IV 8 6 feb-6 feb-7 May 7 Oct 7 Untreated check Fosetyl alluminium Protein of Harpin σ β Acibenzolar S-metil Cerevisanae 8 6 feb-6 feb-7 May 7 Oct 7 Untreated check Fosetyl alluminium Protein of Harpin σ β Acibenzolar S-metil Cerevisanae
The trial field have been set up in different olive orchard, without or with evident symptoms of X. fastidiosa and for different periods of times. - resistance inductors: fosetyl aluminium, Acibenzolar S-methyl; - Resistance inductors: COS-OGA, Protein of Harpin, Cerevisanae; - Organic fertilizer; - NAC; Others experiments regarding NAC are now ongoing, in order to verify: - others methods of application (feritrrigation), less laborious and expensive as endotherapy; - others substrate (inert substrate) for adsorption of NAC and slowly release of the molecules; - possibility of combination with others products (es. Sylver ions) for increasing the positive remission effects; - different rates, time and interval of applications; In conclusion, although, results regarding NAC was promising, actually, none of the tested products can be indicated for the efficacy containment or remission of the disease symptoms of X. fastidiosa. European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem
European Conference on Xylella fastidiosa 7: finding answers to a global problem