Situational Awareness Workshop for Management of Wind and Solar Power Hosted by Southern Company, Atlanta, Georgia Stephen Lee Senior Technical Executive Power Delivery & Utilization December 10, 2009
Agenda Time Topic Presenter 8:00 AM Check-In and Continental Breakfast 8:30 AM Welcome, Introduction and EPRI Perspective Steve Lee, EPRI 9:00 Grid Operator Perspective 10:00 Break Jim McIntosh, CAISO 10:15 10:45 Grid Operator-Centered Situational Awareness Requirements for Management of Wind and Solar Power Recommended Displays for Grid Operator-Centered Situational Awareness of Wind and Solar Power Mica Endsley and Erik Connors, SA Technologies Erik Connors 12:00 PM Lunch 1:00 Q&A and Discussions Steve Lee 2:00 Discussion of Future Research and Applications Steve Lee 3:00 Wrap Up & Adjourn Steve Lee 2
EPRI Overview of Project Project 39.001 Situational Awareness for Wind Management Under Situational Awareness Task Force (co-chaired by Wenjie Zhang, Manitoba Hydro and Dwayne Stradford, AEP) Contractor: SA Technologies Inc. Mica Endsley Erik Connors 3
Project Scope Task 1 - Review Current Wind Power Monitoring Display Designs Task 2 - Determine Wind Power Monitoring Display Requirements Task 3 Develop Wind Power Monitoring Display Prototype Task 4 Conduct Workshop 4
Report (Technical Update) Situation Awareness for Wind & Solar Power Monitoring A Survey of Visualization Requirements Product ID: 1017794 Available to EPRI members of Project 39.001 5
Variability & Predictability 6
Typical Spring Week Generation by Fuel Type [ACTUAL] Nuclear Coal CombCycle GasSteam PrivateGas GasTurbine Wind Other 50,000 45,000 Sunday 04/19/09 Monday 04/20/09 Tuesday 04/21/09 Wednesday 04/22/09 Thursday 04/23/09 Friday 04/24/09 Saturday 04/25/09 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 08/20/2009 PUCT Project 37339 Workshop 7
Sets of Controls Available to Operators to Manage Renewable Generation PLANNING Energy Efficiency OPERATION Demand-Side Management Demand Response Non-Dispatchable Dispatchable Time-Sensitive Pricing Economic Reliability Time of Use Energy-Price Capacity Ancillary Energy-Voluntary Load Curtailment Demand Bidding & Critical Peak Pricing Real Time Pricing System Peak Response Transmission Tariff Supply-Side Management Non-Dispatchable Area Protection Must- Buy Back Direct Load Control Spinning Resereves Emergency Appeal Load Shedding Non-Spinning Interruptible Demand Reserves Dispatchable Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) with control Load as Capacity Resource Run Generation Economic Reliability Market/Economic Run-of-river Hydro Dispatch 8 Regulation Renewable Generation (Util-Scale & Distributed) Must-Take Frequency Regulation Ramping Emergency Power Purchases/Sales Thermal Generation Coal-fired Generation Emergency Purchase Geothermal Cogeneration Hydro Gas/Oil-fired Steam Pumped Hydro Biomass/Waste Storage Generation Combined Cycle Energy Storage Drop Storage Pumping Pumped Storage Generation Start CTs Peaking Hydro
Sets of Demand & Resource Controls Available to Operators to Manage Renewable Generation PLANNING Energy Efficiency OPERATION Demand-Side Management Demand Response Non-Dispatchable Dispatchable Time-Sensitive Pricing Economic Reliability Time of Use Energy-Price Capacity Ancillary Energy-Voluntary Load Curtailment Critical Peak Pricing Demand Bidding & Buy Back Direct Load Control Spinning Resereves Emergency Appeal Load Shedding Real Time Pricing Interruptible Demand Non-Spinning Reserves System Peak Response Transmission Tariff Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) with control Regulation Load as Capacity Resource Supply-Side Management Non-Dispatchable Dispatchable Area Protection Must- Run Generation Economic Reliability Run-of-river Hydro Renewable Generation Must-Take Market/Economic Dispatch Frequency Regulation Ramping Emergency 9 Resource Curtailment Power Purchases/Sales Thermal Generation Coal-fired Generation Emergency Purchase Curtail Wind/Solar Geothermal Cogeneration Hydro Gas/Oil-fired Steam Pumped Hydro Biomass/Waste Storage Generation Combined Cycle Energy Storage Drop Storage Pumping Pumped Storage Generation Start CTs Peaking Hydro
Controls Available to Operators to Manage Renewable Generation Under Transmission Constraints PLANNING Transmission Planning OPERATION Transmission Management Non-Dispatchable Dispatchable Transmission Outages (Scheduled) Transmission Outages (Forced) Economic LMP Market Dispatch Reliability Contingency Operating Limits Mitigation Emergency Cascading Dynamic Line Ratings Security-Constrained Economic Dispatch Transmission Loading Relief (TLR) Operating Procedures Load Shedding System Separation Reactive Power Dispatch Voltage Scheduling Curtail Transactions Redispatch Native Resources Reactive Power Rescheduling Restoring to Compliance with Contingency Limits Voltage Rescheduling Renewable Generation Must-Take 10
Ramping Capabilities Ramping Requirements 10000 8000 DR 95% Confidence High 6000 CT MW 4000 2000 CT Hydro/PS Gas/CC Expected Ramp 95% Confidence Low SRR+ SRR- ASR+ ASR- 50/50 RO 95%H 95%L 0 Coal 1 16 31 46 61 76 91 106 121 136 151 166 181-2000 -4000 Regulation Reliability Operation Minutes 11 Economic Operation
Situational Awareness of Up-Ramping Capabilities Ramping Requirements 10000 8000 DR 95% Confidence High 6000 CT MW 4000 2000 CT Hydro/PS Gas/CC Expected Ramp 95% Confidence Low SRR+ SRR- ASR+ ASR- 50/50 RO 95%H 95%L 0 Coal 1 16 31 46 61 76 91 106 121 136 151 166 181-2000 -4000 Regulation Reliability Operation Minutes 12 Economic Operation
Situational Awareness of Ramping Capabilities In Both Directions Ramping Requirements 10000 8000 DR 95% Confidence High 6000 CT MW 4000 2000 CT Hydro/PS Gas/CC Expected Ramp 95% Confidence Low SRR+ SRR- ASR+ ASR- 50/50 RO 95%H 95%L 0 Coal 1 16 31 46 61 76 91 106 121 136 151 166 181-2000 -4000 Minutes 13
What Do Operators Need? Monitoring Forecasting when will it deviate enough to require attention by operators? Awareness of Uncertainties Awareness of Available Controls Sequence of Control Actions flexibility/alternative, interactive, recalculating Prediction of Critical Constraints simulation of what if? 14
EPRI Situation Awareness Task Force SA For Management of Wind and Solar Power Workshop Atlanta December 10, 2008 Grid Operator-Centered Situation Awareness: Requirements and Display Designs for Management of Wind and Solar Power Mica R. Endsley, Ph.D. Erik S. Connors, Ph.D. SA Technologies, Inc. 15
What is Situation Awareness? Situation Awareness is the Perception of elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the Comprehension of their meaning, and the Projection of their status in the near future.* *Endsley, 1988 16
SA Requirements Analysis SA-Oriented Design SA Measurement 50 Principles for SA-Oriented Design Endsley, 1988, 1995 Systematic Process with well tested design principles and solutions based on the leading cognitive model of situation awareness and state-of-the-art research from cognitive engineering & human factors General Principles Confidence and Uncertainty Dealing with Complexity Alarms, Diagnosis and SA Automation and SA Supporting SA in Multi-Person Operations 17
Wind Power Concept Prototype Design 18